Lymphatics

The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called:

Peyer's patches

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease causing microorganisms is ______.

Skin and mucous membranes

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clinal selection of ______.

T cells

Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be:

immunocompetent

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammation process is called:

Diapedesis

Which of the following is not true of the constant (c) regions of antibodies?

The constant regions form an antigen-binding site

Hannah has an auto-immune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. As a result, she does not make enough insulin. What disease does she have?

Type I diabetes mellitus

Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive _____.

Vaccines

The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the:

Variable or V

What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue?

an autograft

Humoral immunity is provided by:

antibodies

An ______ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response.

antigen

What is often used to treat allergies?

antihistamines

The specific foreign substances that an individuals immune system has the ability to recognize and resist are determined by______.

Individual genetic makeup

The adaptive (specific) defense system _____.

Issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

The study of immunity is called:

immunology

Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.

lymph nodes

The third line of defense involves the adaptive response mediated by:

lymphocytes

Antigen-presenting cells behave as _____.

macrophages

Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________.

naturally acquired active immunity

The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins to block their harmful effects is called:

neutralization

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.

passive immunity

Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called:

pathogens

How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?

plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies

Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called _________.

precipitation

The _____ duct drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax.

right lymphatic

Where are Peyer's patches located?

small intestine

Vaccines are NOT for:

snake bites

What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir?

spleen

Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver:

spleen

The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT:

stimulate release of lysozyme

Where is the thymus located?

beneath sternum overlying heart

Lymph is largely composed of water that escaped from _______________.

blood

Lymphocytes are trained to be self tolerant of:

body's own cells

B cells develop immunocompetence in the:

bone marrow

The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cells surface is called:

complement fixation

What is the chief way the body responds to antigens?

complement fixation

Which portion of the antibodys structure determines the antibodys class?

constant region

Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to:

delayed hypersensitivity

Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called

edema

A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called:

elephantiasis

Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ______

haptens

What is not one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?

Chills

membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of ____.

Complement fixation

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

AIDS

Redness, heat, swelling, pain are the four most common indications of:

Acute inflammation

Systemic acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites is called:

Anaphylactic shock

Which is not one of the nonspecific body defenses?

Antibody production

The major roll of _____ cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of then to the cells that deal with those fragments.

Antigen-presenting

The role of the ____ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

tonsils

Tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species are known as:

xenografts

Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called __________.

Cytotoxic T cells

What does fever accomplish?

Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process.

AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called:

Helper T cells

What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?

Helper T cells

What is not one of the antibody classes?

IgB

Peyers patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as _____.

MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)

Chemotaxis is best described as:

The movement of cells along a chemical gradient

What is not a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart?

The pumping action of the heart

The thymus is most active during ________.

adolescence

What structure carries lymph into a lymph node?

afferent lymphatic vessel

Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped?

agglutination

What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells?

interferons

small proteins known as __ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected

interferons

IgE ____.

is involved in allergies

Lymph from the left arm returns to the heart through the:

left subclavian vein