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Fresco secco
"Dry fresco"
serigraphy
"silk writing"
Buon Fresco
"true fresco" (Most often when speaking about fresco) in which paint made simply of pigment and water is applied to wet lime plaster. As the plaster dries, the lime undergoes a chemical transformation and acts as a binder, fusing the pigment with the plaster surface.
porcelain
A ceramic made by mixing kaolin, a fine white clay, with finely ground petunse, also known as porcelain stone.
wood engraving
A method of relief printing in wood. In comparison to woodcut, a wood engraving is made with denser wood, cutting into the end of the grain rather than the side. The density of the wood demands the use of engraving tools rather than craving tools.
gesso
A mixture of white pigment and glue that sealed the wood and could be sanded and rubbed to a smooth, ivorylike finish.
encaustic
A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with wax and applied to the surface while hot.
litho crayon
A pencil-shaped stick consisting of soap, tallow, shellac, wax, and lampblack. Fine artists use it to sketch on grained paper and draw directly on litho stones and metal plates. In the past, it also served as a delicate staging medium for creating halftone relief etchings manually; black waxy crayon
plank grain
A plank of wood is carved into the side to create a woodcut (side grain)
fiber
A pliable, threadlike strand. Include - silk, wool and the hair of such animals
burin
A pointed tool used for engraving or incising.
ground
A preliminary coating of paint
woodcut
A print of an image that has been carved in wood.
mezzotint
A printmaking process, the first tonal method to be used, achieves tonality by roughening the plate with thousands of little dots made by a metal tooth with small teeth called a "rocker," in printing, the tiny pits in the plate hold the ink when the face of the plate is wiped clean
relief
A raised form on a largely flat background, for example, the design on a coin
linocut
A relief process in printmaking, in which an artist cuts away negative spaces from a block of linoleum, leaving raised areas to take ink for printing.
Kodak
A small box camera invented by George Eastman, made it easier for average people to be able to afford to take pictures and own a camera. Invented in 1888.
matrix
A surface on which a design is prepared before being transferred through pressure to a receiving surface such as paper.
Papyrus
A tall reed that grows in the Nile delta, used by the ancient Egyptians to make a paper-like material for writing on.
easel paintings
A term for paintings executed on an easel or a similar support.
edition
Also written by the artist on each approved impression, along with the number of the impression within the edition.
etching
An Intaglio printmaking process in which a metal plate coated with wax is drawn upon with a sharp tool down to the plate and then placed in an acid bath. The acid eats into the plate where the lines have been drawn, the wax is removed, and then the plate is inked and printed.
binder
An ingredient that ensures that the paint, even when diluted and spread thinly, will adhere to the surface. Without a binder, pigments would simply powder off as the paint dried. (The vehicle usually acts as or includes a binder)
drypoint
An intaglio printmaking technique in which the design is scratched directly into a metal plate with a sharp, pointed, tool that is held like a pen.
gouache
An opaque, water-soluble paint. Watercolor to which opaque white has been added.
intaglio
Any printing process in which the ink sits below the surface of the plate
stopped out
Areas that are not to be bitten at all, where the white of the paper will show untouched, are stopped out - painted with an acid resistant varnish.
mosaic
Art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass
engraving
Art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid and then uses the plate to make multiple prints.
alla prima
Artists who favor a less fussy, more spontaneous approach may work directly in opaque colors on the white ground. This technique implies that the painting was completed all at once, in a single session, though in fact, it may only look that way. Italian - "All in one go"
watercolor
St. Paul Preaching at Athens by Raphael medium; , Transparent medium, the same as aquarelles, made with a mixture of pigments and gum arabic that is soluble in water.
impasto
The artist works with a heavy loaded brush, piling the paint up in a thick texture called impasto. Italian for "paste."
cartoon
Work may be guided by a full - sized drawing of the entire project
tesserae
Mosaic is made of small, closely spaced particles called tesserae embedded in a binder such as mortar or cement.
support
Paints are supplied to a support, which is the canvas, paper, wood panel, wall, or other surface on which the artist works
poster
most popular form of advertising; uses bright colors
visiting card
multiple poses on one sheet (4 exposures)
ceramics
From the ancient Greek word, keramakos, meaning "of pottery," is the art of making objects from clay, a naturally occurring earth substance.
pigment
Coloring material that is usually powered color mixed with binder
wash
Ink diluted with water and applied with a brush to give greater solidity to the cottage and to soften and shadows beneath the trees.
laquer
Made of the sap of a tree that originally grew in China. Harvested, purified, colored with dyes and brushed in thin coats over wood. The sap hardens like a smooth, glasslike coating.
key block
Main block of the multi-block process; , the outline of an image on it and anything that needs to be black; used as a guide to create color blocks
forging
Metal is shaped by hammer blows
monotype
One of a kind print made from painted or inked surface.
oil paint
Pigment combined with oil, usually linseed. Has to have a surface that is primed, takes about 100 years for it to dry
pure photography
Practitioners consider it a point of honor not to crop or manipulate their photos in any way.
planographic
Printing surface is flat - not raised as in relief or depressed as in intaglio. Ex: Lithography is a planographic process.
dada
Refers to the art movement that Hoch belongs to. It was formed in 1916 as a reaction to the unprecedented slaughter of World War 1, which was then being fought.
end grain
Slices of wood exposing end grain of wood, show circular rings; , block of wood used for engraving. Cross section of tree. usually boxwood or maple.
in what ways are drawings used?
Some people use it as a preliminary but can be used as a finished work
reliquary
The reliquary statue of Saint Foy is a fine example of the treasures that were offered to and displayed in medieval churches.
ground or primer
The support may be prepared to receive paint with a ground or primer, which is a preliminary coating.
glazes
Thin veils of translucent color applied over a layer of opaque paint.
plastic
When dry, clay has a powdery consistency; mixed with water, it becomes plastic - that is, moldable and cohesive. In this form it can be modeled, pinched, rolled, or shaped between the hands.
rosin
a dry powdered resin that melts when heated, used in the aquatint process
medium or vehicle
a liquid that holds the particles of pigment together without dissolving them .
aquatint
a method of etching (intaglio) that imitates the broad tints of a water color
grisaille
a monochromatic painting done in neutral grays to simulate sculpture
stencil
a perforated template allowing ink or paint to pass through to print a design
rocker
a sharp, curved tool used in mezzotint printmaking process
binder
a substance that allows it to be shaped into sticks (for dry media) to be suspended in fluid (for liquid media), and to adhere to the drawing surface
stained glass (leaded)
a technique used for windows, lampshades, and similar structures that permit light to pass through. It's made by cutting sheets of glass in various colors into small pieces, then fitting the pieces together to form a pattern.
parchment
a type of animal skin that people used to draw on.
transparent
allowing light to pass through; easily recognized or understood; easily seen through or detected
gum arabic
binder, helps prevent the colors from lightening, prevents bleeding beyond brush strokes; from sap of trees
collage
combination of pictures and other objects on a media
aqueous
consist of water.
pastel
consists of pigment bound with a nongreasy binder such as a solution of gum arabic or gum tragacanth(natural gum made from hardened sap) in water.
abstraction
descriptive of art in which the forms of the visual world are purposely simplified, fragmented, or distorted
conte crayon
developed in france ; it consists of compressed pigment compounded with clay and a small amount of greasy binder. It is also the most well known artist crayon.
Alois Senefelder
developed lithography
non-aqueous
doesn't consists of water.
acid
eats lines and depressions into a metal plate
Bavarian limestone
fossil formation
opaque
impossible to see through; preventing the passage of light
camera obscura
latin for "dark room", , A darkened chamber in which the real image of an object is flipped upside down, and received through a small opening or lens and focused in natural color onto a facing surface rather than recorded on a film or plate.
lithography
printmaking technique based of the fact that oil and water repel each other. The design to be printed is drawn in greasy crayon or ink on the stone.
asphaltum
protects metal from acid bath and eroding;, tar-like acid resistant material into which the work is carved into.
tapestry
refers to a particular weaving technique, and also to the wall hangings made using it.
invention and spread of paper
since paper is easily available, inexpensive, lightweight, ubiquitous, paper has grown a self-effacing support for drawings to take on a starring role.
chalk
soft, white limestone; in art it is used to describe the three soft textured stones that can be used for drawing: black chalk, red chalk, and white chalk.
metal point or silverpoint
the ancestor of the graphite pencil, is an old technique that was especially popular during the Renaissance. Few artists use it now, because it is not very forgiving of mistakes or indecision. Once put down the lines cannot easily be changed or erased. Uses silver wire!
tempera
the binder is egg.
impression
the image that is left after a print is done. Ex. the image that is left after a sneaker steps in mud?
acrylic
these materials have the clarity of glass, good weatherbility, surface hardness and chemical resistance but not abrasion resistance. They are lightweight and color fast and do not yellow with age.
registration
to make sure everything aligns correctly when printed, with no unwanted gaps or overlapping in the colors.
charcoal
vine wood heated in keln until only carbon remains.
alternative surfaces
wall or canvas ;not always on a paper
