MAN4120 CHAPTER 6
11. Path-goal theory predicts that followers who have strong needs for affiliation prefer which type of leadership behavior? A. supportive B. directive C. participative D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: A
12. Path-goal theory suggests that leaders should respond to dogmatic/authoritarian followers using a(n) ______ style. A. directive B. supportive C. participative D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: A
18. Path-goal theory suggests that leaders should respond to followers who need to excel from a(n) ______ style. A. achievement-oriented B. supportive C. directive D. participative
ANSWER: A
2. In path-goal theory, the main components are______. A. leader behaviors, follower characteristics, task characteristics, and motivation B. supportive, directive, participative and achievement-oriented leadership C. leadership skills, follower characteristic, and job satisfaction D. leadership skills and traits, follower skills and traits, and task characteristics
ANSWER: A
20. One of the key strengths of path-goal theory is its ______. A. practical nature B. basic focus on traits C. deep explanatory power D. emphasis on linkages
ANSWER: A
21. Path-goal theory has been criticized for not clearly showing how ______. A. leader behaviors affect follower motivation levels B. job satisfaction and motivation are achieved by followers C. leaders can effectively adapt behaviors to different situations D. leaders can use specific leader traits to influence follower motivation
ANSWER: A
24. Path-goal theory is based on motivation principles drawn from expectancy theory. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
25. Path-goal theory was designed to explain how leaders can help followers achieve their organizational goals. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
28. Participative leadership is effective with subordinates who have an internal locus of control. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
30. In work settings where the formal authority system is weak, leadership becomes an important tool to help followers make sense of rules and organizational tasks. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
31. Leadership can seem unnecessary or excessively controlling if workers feel confident they can accomplish their own work. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
33. Path-goal theory is straightforward and practical to use. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
34. Path-goal leadership has been criticized for failing to clearly explain how leaders' behaviors influence followers' motivation. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
35. Path-goal theory was developed to explain how______. A. leaders motivate followers to be satisfied and successful in their work B. leaders are able to get all followers in thein-group C. leaders' motivation improves followers'service orientation D. authoritarian leader behaviors are inappropriate in the work setting
ANSWER: A
40. According to path-goal theory, leaders adjust their behaviors based on ______. A. follower characteristics and work settings B. follower characteristics and productivity C. follower characteristics and leader skills D. follower characteristics and team climate
ANSWER: A
44. Leaders using ideas from expectancy theory should be able to ______. A. find the right reward to motivate followers B. make the same rewards available to all followers C. serve as a role model by showing enthusiasm and motivation D. designate followers who can motivate other followers
ANSWER: A
5. Leaders who give followers instructions about task accomplishment are using ______ leadership behaviors. A. directive B. achievement-oriented C. supportive D. participative
ANSWER: A
50. According to path-goal theory, directive leadership should be used when employees______. A. believe that outside circumstances control their lives B. believe they are in charge of their lives C. feel competent to complete their work D. want to help make decisions
ANSWER: A
52. Followers with an external locus of control believe that ______. A. fate is in charge of life's events B. they are in charge of life's events C. interactions with others control life's events D. personal relationships control life's events
ANSWER: A
58. Path-goal theory predicts that followers who engage in highly repetitive or mundane tasks need which type of leadership? A. supportive B. participative C. achievement-oriented D. directive
ANSWER: A
60. Path-goal theory predicts that a directive leadership style is most effective when ______. A. tasks are complex B. tasks are unchallenging C. tasks are unstructured D. tasks are structured
ANSWER: A
63. Imagine that you are doing a task you do not really understand. You expect that your leader will clear up the confusion by telling you how to complete the first few steps. According to path-goal theory, which leadership style would benefit you the most? A. directive B. achievement-oriented C. supportive D. participative
ANSWER: A
75. How influential a leader is on follower performance is contingent on followers'characteristics and the tasks they are performing. A. True B. False
ANSWER: A
84. Monique's job is challenging and always changing. She has strong opinions about how things should get done and works best with rigid timelines. According to path-goal theory, Monique would benefit from a(n) ______leadership style. A. directive B. participate C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: A
86. Imagine that you work at a job where the policies and procedures change regularly. According to path-goal theory, what type of leadership would best help you feel certain and up-to-date at your job? A. directive B. participative C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: A
87. Lamar is frustrated with a current project and feeling unsatisfied with his work right now. According to path-goal theory, what type of leadership does Lamar need at this time? A. supportive B. participative C. achievement-oriented D. directive
ANSWER: A
10. Leaders who challenge their followers to seek continuous improvement are using ______leadership behaviors. A. directive B. achievement-oriented C. supportive D. participative
ANSWER: B
13. Path-goal theory suggests that leaders should respond to followers who need affiliation using a(n) ______ style. A. achievement-oriented B. supportive C. directive D. participative
ANSWER: B
15. Path-goal theory suggests that leaders should be equipped to help followers overcome______. A. self-limiting behaviors B. obstacles C. complexity D. expectancy
ANSWER: B
16. The path-goal approach suggests that a leader's job is to use a style that best fits______. A. followers' needs B. followers' needs and the type of job they are doing C. their own and the followers' work style D. followers' characteristics
ANSWER: B
22. A recent criticism of path-goal theory is that is does not account for ______. A. contemporary technological advances within an organization B. gender differences in leader behaviors and follower perceptions C. generational differences between baby boomers and millennials D. virtual working conditions that separate leaders and followers
ANSWER: B
26. Achievement-oriented leadership involves inviting followers to share in decision-making processes. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
27. Path-goal theory predicts that subordinates who have strong needs for affiliation prefer directive leadership. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
29. Path-goal theory predicts that subordinates who are authoritarian prefer supportive leadership. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
32. According to path-goal theory, achievement-oriented leadership is most effective in settings where followers are required to perform unambiguous tasks. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
38. The path-goal approach takes the perspective of the expectancy theory of motivation, which suggests that ______. A. leaders' needs and followers' needs overlap B. followers are motivated to complete a task for a valuable payoff C. a leader should try to help followers reach their fullest potential D. followers are motivated regardless of ability if they like a leader
ANSWER: B
4. The directive leadership behavior path-goal theory is similar to ______. A. delegating in the SLII model B. initiating structure in the Ohio State studies C. consideration in the University of Michigan studies D. employee orientation in the University of Michigan studies
ANSWER: B
41. Expectancy theory is about ______. A. clearing the path for followers B. rewarding followers for meeting their goals C. establishing work group norms D. anticipating leaders' needs
ANSWER: B
42. If an employee is uncertain that their efforts will pay off, then path-goal theory suggests______. A. the employee should move to the company's out-group B. the leader should prove that the employee's effort will be rewarded C. additional obstacles should be introduced to challenge the employee D. the employee is unmotivated and on the wrong path
ANSWER: B
47. A person using a directive leadership style would most likely display which behavior? A. making work challenging for all followers B. providing performance standards and clear timelines for tasks C. inviting followers to share in decision making D. providing feedback that is follower-oriented and comforting
ANSWER: B
53. Followers who have an internal locus of control benefit from ______ leadership. A. directive B. participative C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: B
55. In contexts where the group norms are weak or non-supportive, path-goal theory posits that leaders should ______. A. help clarify rules and structures B. build cohesiveness and role responsibility C. provide strict standards for goal achievement D. provide structure and clarify tasks
ANSWER: B
57. Path-goal theory predicts that followers need which type of leadership when tasks are unclear or ambiguous? A. participative B. directive C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: B
6. Supportive leadership in path-goal theory is very similar to which concept from the behavioral approach? A. structure B. consideration C. motivation D. production
ANSWER: B
62. Path-goal theory is ______. A. descriptive B. prescriptive C. leader-centered D. follower-centered
ANSWER: B
65. Imagine that you are engaged in a complex task. You need some clarification of the steps involved, but you take pride in working out the details by yourself. According to path-goal theory, which leadership style would benefit you the most? A. directive B. participative C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: B
69. Path-goal theory was one of the first leadership approaches to ______. A. identify various demographic influences on leader-follower behaviors B. examine how situations affect leaders'influence on followers' performance C. use trait and relationship behaviors to examine effective leadership D. be validated and deemed credible by an abundance of research studies
ANSWER: B
73. Supportive behaviors in path-goal theory are similar to initiating structures in the behavioral approach. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
74. Path-goal theory is a trait approach that locks leaders into one primary kind of leadership. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
76. Once a leader adjusts their style to match a follower's needs, they should continue to use that style with that follower. A. True B. False
ANSWER: B
77. Imagine that your supervisor gives you a new project. You are informed that you have exactly one week to complete it and are handed an outline detailing what the final project should resemble. According to path-goal theory, which leader behavior is your supervisor using? A. supportive B. directive C. participative D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: B
81. Imagine your supervisor is happy with your work and expresses confidence in your ability to complete the project ahead of schedule and come in under budget. According to path-goal theory, which leader behavior is your supervisor using? A. directive B. achievement-oriented C. supportive D. participative
ANSWER: B
1. Path-goal theory is ultimately about how leaders ______ subordinates to accomplish organizational goals. A. assign B. allow C. motivate D. teach
ANSWER: C
14. According to path-goal theory, followers who have a need for high levels of human interaction prefer ______ leadership. A. directive B. participative C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: C
19. Path-goal theory suggests that a(n) ______style can provide what's missing in the workplace by nurturing followers when they are engaged in tasks that are unchallenging. A. achievement-oriented B. directive C. supportive D. participative
ANSWER: C
3. In path-goal theory, leaders chose from ______types of leader behaviors. A. two B. three C. four D. five
ANSWER: C
36.Path-goal theory could best be described as a______ theory. A. great man B. transformational C. motivational D. behavioral
ANSWER: C
45. Path-goal theory posits that in order for leaders to motivate followers, they must choose behaviors that ______. A. challenge followers beyond what they believe they can achieve B. are consistent and stable across all followers and work tasks C. complement or supplement what is missing in the work setting D. serve as a role model for the types of behaviors followers should display
ANSWER: C
46. According to the path-goal theory, who is ultimately responsible for creating a healthy and productive workplace environment? A. followers B. top management C. leaders D. all stakeholders
ANSWER: C
48. A person using a participative leadership style would most likely display which behavior? A. making work challenging for all followers B. providing performance standards and clear timelines for tasks C. consulting with followers and integrating their ideas into tasks D. making work as pleasant as possible for followers
ANSWER: C
51. Followers with an internal locus of control believe that ______. A. leaders are in charge of events that occur in their lives B. fate and change are in charge of events that occur in their lives C. they are in charge of the events that occur in their own lives D. the organization is in charge of the events that occur in their lives
ANSWER: C
59. Path-goal theory suggests that leaders should respond to autonomous group members with unstructured tasks from a(n) ______ style. A. directive B. supportive C. participative D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: C
64. Imagine that you are doing a task that you find boring, repetitive, and less than challenging. According to path-goal theory, which leadership style would benefit you the most? A. directive B. participative C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: C
68. What makes path-goal theory unique from other leadership approaches? A. It is the only leadership approach to be fully validated by research. B. It examines the characteristics and behaviors of leaders and followers. C. It integrates principles of motivation from expectancy theory into leadership theory. D. It accounts for demographic influences on leader-follower relationships.
ANSWER: C
7. Leaders who are friendly and approachable are using ______ leadership behaviors. A. directive B. achievement-oriented C. supportive D. participative
ANSWER: C
71. Path-goal theory has been criticized for being "leader-centric." What does this mean? A. It focuses too heavily on leadership skills, traits, and behaviors at the expense of looking at follower behaviors. B. It emphasizes leader self-realization and advancement over followers' needs and developmental levels. C. It puts too much of the responsibility for follower motivation on leader behaviors, making leadership a one-way event. D. It expects too much of leaders and too little of followers in an effort to meet organizational goals.
ANSWER: C
72. What advantage does using path-goal theory give to an organization? A. It helps leaders define work tasks and communicate clearly with followers. B. It connects followers' developmental levels to appropriate organizational tasks. C. It provides a roadmap that gives leaders direction on how to improve follower performance. D. It takes a follower-centric approach that leads to higher job performance and satisfaction.
ANSWER: C
78. Imagine your supervisor expresses concern for your well-being when they learn of a recent illness in your family. According to path-goal theory, which leader behavior is your supervisor using? A. directive B. achievement-oriented C. supportive D. participative
ANSWER: C
79. A person using a supportive leadership style would most likely display which behavior? A. making work challenging for all followers B. providing performance standards and clear timelines for tasks C. involving followers in decision making D. making work as pleasant as possible for followers
ANSWER: C
80. Imagine that your supervisor holds a meeting each week and invites you and the other employees to give feedback regarding current projects. According to path-goal theory, which leader behavior is your supervisor using? A. supportive B. directive C. participative D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: C
82. Manuel has a good sense of who he is and is confident in what he does and how he responds to situations. He wants to feel in charge of his own work and takes pride in it. According to path-goal theory, Manuel has a(n) ______. A. external locus of control B. need for affiliation C. internal locus of control D. authoritarian disposition
ANSWER: C
85. Imagine your job as a data entry operator involves doing the same tasks all day long, every day of the week. According to path-goal theory, what type of leadership would best help you stay focused on your job? A. directive B. participative C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: C
88. Louise is tired of doing the same job day in and day out. According to path-goal theory, what type of leadership does Louise need at this time? A. participative B. achievement-oriented C. supportive D. directive
ANSWER: C
17. Path-goal theory suggests that leaders should respond to followers who need clarity and control from a(n) ______ style. A. achievement-oriented B. supportive C. directive D. participative
ANSWER: D
23. Principles of path-goal theory ______. A. have been applied in many leadership training programs B. can be used to assess leaders' motivation and job satisfaction C. are consistent with organizational leadership training topics D. can be used for all types of tasks at all levels of leadership
ANSWER: D
37. What statement best reflects the goal of path-goal theory? A. to increase followers' developmental skill levels B. to enhance leaders' skills to match followers' characteristics C. to create safe, effective, and satisfactory workplace environments D. to enhance overall follower performance and satisfaction
ANSWER: D
39. According to path-goal theory, leadership generates motivation when ______. A. leaders adjust their style to match followers' needs B. leaders set high expectations for followers C. working environments are challenging and potentially punitive D. payoffs are numerous and rewarding for followers
ANSWER: D
43. One of the underlying assumptions of expectancy theory is that followers will be motivated if they believe ______. A. their leaders are capable of leading B. their leaders are motivated to lead C. they are doing work that isn't too challenging D. they are capable of performing their job
ANSWER: D
49. According to path-goal theory, as the followers'perceptions of their own ability and competence increase, the need for ______leadership goes down. A. supportive B. participative C. achievement-oriented D. directive
ANSWER: D
54. Followers who are motivated and have a desire to exceed expectations benefit from ______leadership. A. directive B. participative C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: D
56. House introduced new leader behaviors in1996. These new behaviors have the same essential premise as the original work of path-goal theory, which is to ______. A. match leader behavior to follower competence and commitment B. describe task and relationship behaviors C. identify competencies of leaders D. give followers what is missing in their workplace
ANSWER: D
61. What challenges may arise regarding leader behaviors when situations are clearly structured and strong group norms exist? A. Leadership may be seen as unnecessary and excessively controlling. B. Leaders may have difficulties helping to remove obstacles. C. Leadership may need to be redirected to amore participative style. D. Leaders may need confidence and guidance on how to lead.
ANSWER: D
66. Imagine you are working on a challenging new project. You are excited and cannot wait to get started. You have a strong sense of control over the project and look forward to seeing the outcomes once it's finished. According to path-goal theory, which leadership style would benefit you the most? A. directive B. participative C. supportive D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: D
67. According to path-goal theory, when an employee's tasks are complex and challenging and the employee has a high need to excel, the boss should apply ______. A. directive behaviors B. supportive behaviors C. participative behaviors D. achievement-oriented behaviors
ANSWER: D
70. With path-goal theory incorporating so many different aspects of leadership within its model, which of the following could be argued? A. The practical use of the theory is not valid. B. It fails to determine the role of motivation. C. It allows the leader to have a wider range of options as leader. D. It is difficult to use the theory fully when trying to improve the leadership process.
ANSWER: D
8. Leaders who invite their followers to share in the decision-making process are using ______ leadership behaviors. A. directive B. achievement-oriented C. supportive D. participative
ANSWER: D
83. Rashmi feels that fate and a little bit of luck have guided her career and life path. According to path-goal theory, Rashmi has a(n) ______. A. uncertain disposition B. need for affiliation C. internal locus of control D. external locus of control
ANSWER: D
9. Challenging followers to perform work at the highest levels possible is an example of which leadership behavior? A. supportive B. directive C. participative D. achievement-oriented
ANSWER: D
90. Karina sorts and files medical records all day long. She is bored. Path-goal theory suggests Karina would be best motivated by ______. A. participative behaviors B. directive behaviors C. achievement-oriented behaviors D. supportive behaviors
ANSWER: D
89. Ensung is doing a job that has ambiguous rules. She needs some clarity on what tasks lead to what, but she wishes to remain in control of the overall tasks. According to path-goal theory, what type of leadership does Ensung need at this time? A. achievement-oriented B. participative C. directive D. supportive
ANSWER:B
