management test 2
adv and dis of communication
Advantages of Good Communication:•Good communication helps recruitment/retention of employees•Good communication can increase a company's market value (up to 7.1%), branding & salesDisadvantages of Miscommunication:•Creates many negative outcomes including lawsuits, workflow interruptions leading to delays in product delivery & EE stress•Costs company's money, repetition of work and wasted time(14%of each workweek
organizational structure
An organizational structuredefines how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are directed toward the achievement of organizationalgoals & objectives. It can also be considered as the perspective through which individuals see their organizationand its environment
non-verbal communication
Non-Verbal communication involves communicating with non-verbal cues such as body language, facial expression, etc.•Non-Verbal communication ,"what you don't say" can be more impactful than words•7% of a Receiver's comprehension of a Message is based on the Sender's actual words•38% is based on paralanguage or the tone, pace, and volume of speech •55% is based on non-verbal cues: body language.
Centralization
THE DEGREE TO WHICH DECISION-MAKING AUTHORITY IS CONCENTRATED AT HIGHER LEVELS IN AN ORGANIZATION
factors of non verbal
body language, eye contact, posture, facial expresssion
Direction of Communication Within Organizations
Direction of Communication Within OrganizationsoInformation can move horizontally: From Sender to ReceiveroInformation can move vertically: Down from management or up from the staff oInformation can move diagonally: between & among levels of an organization ( message from CFO to all staff)oInformation can move laterally: from co-worker to co-worker
business use of email
Email is the second most popular method of communication globally•Managers must learn to use email more effectively and appropriately. Some tips: -Don't put anything in email that you don't want the world to see-Don't write an email in all capitals -shouting-Double check email content before sending-Do indicate the purpose of the email in the subject line-Do use a sign off such as "thank you" in closing the email-Do check who you are sending the email to before hitting send
Encoder, receiver, decoder, medium
Encode= The translation of ideas into words Medium= The way a senders message is conveyed Receiver= The person the message is intended to reach Decode= The process of assigning meaning to a received message
external communication
External Communications deliver specific business messages to individuals outside the organizationMay announce changes in staff, strategy, corporate earnings, etc.Goal = send a message that the receiver will understand and tell othersExamples are listed above
information richness
Information Richness•Channels vary in their information richness. Information rich channels convey more non-verbal information. •Managers tend to use more information rich communication channels•Face-to-face & teleconferencing conversations have high richness because senders & receivers can see and hear beyond just words
communication
PROCESS BY WHICH INFORMATION IS EXCHANGED BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS THROUGH A COMMON SYSTEM OF SYMBOLS, SIGNS, OR BEHAVIOR
verbal communication
Verbal communication involves listening to a person to understand the meaning of their message•Verbal communication takes place via telephone, in-person, via videoconferencing•Verbal communication is pleasant & encourages relationship building
communication channels
The channel or medium used to communicate affects how accurately the message will be received. The choice of the type of communication is a powerful one in getting a message across
Lewins 3 stages
Unfreezing -Organization members are ready for change•Change-Executing the planned change•Refreezing-Change of habits, processes or rules become the norm, going forward
written communication
Written communication involves communicating through printed messages•Written communication is often asynchronous (occurring at different times, may read when convenient) and received by many individuals. •67% of managers have written communication responsibility(Memos, emails, letters)