Mastering A&P Chapter 4 - Tissue: The Living Fabric

Choose the answer that shows the correct order for the standard preparation of a histological specimen.

(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

Which numbered cell type initiates inflammatory responses to infection or tissue damage?

5 Cell 5 is a mast cell, which produces and secretes inflammation-triggering chemicals, such as histamine. Note the secretory granules within the pictured cell.

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue?

Absorption Absorption, the movement of substances into the body, is a role of epithelial tissue. Roles of connective tissue include binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances, via blood, within the body.

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does NOT act as a binding or packaging material under normal conditions or provide structural support?

Blood Blood, the fluid connective tissue (CT) within blood vessels, is the most atypical CT. It does not act as a binding or packing material; it does not provide structural support. It is classified as a CT only because it develops from mesenchyme and consists of cells (blood cells) surrounded by an extracellular fluid matrix (blood plasma).

Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type?

Bone; osteoblast Osteoblasts/cytes are the primary cell type for bone.

After open heart surgery, the heart's pumping efficiency may be reduced because__________.

Both adhesions and fibrosis will interfere with the heart's normal pumping activity and reduce its effectiveness Adhesions are fibrous scars that form between internal organs, which joins them together abnormally. When tissue is injured, fibrous connective tissue reproduces rapidly and forms a scar. This tissue type lacks the normal function of cardiac tissue.

What do the glands shown in A and B both have in common? Both are exocrine glands. Both are sebaceous glands. Both are endocrine glands. Both are unicellular.

Both are exocrine glands. Both glands secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control? skeletal cardiac smooth

Cardiac

Connective tissues are made of different combinations of ground substance and fibers. As you compare slides of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest type of connective tissue based on the composition of ground substance and fibers?

Connective tissues high in collagen fibers Collagen is the toughest of the fibers. If you saw collagen in high amounts, that would indicate strength in the connective tissue.

Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air?

Cutaneous membrane The cutaneous membrane is your skin, an organ consisting of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) firmly attached to a thick layer of connective tissue (dermis). Unlike other epithelial membranes, the cutaneous membrane is exposed to the air and is a dry membrane.

How are endocrine and exocrine glands different from each other?

Endocrine glands have no ducts. Endocrine glands secrete substances (hormones) into blood without the use of ducts, whereas exocrine glands use ducts to secrete substances into the external environment.

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

Epithelial tissue Epithelial tissue is a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity (epithe = laid on, covering). In addition to coverings and linings, epithelial cells can also form glands, called glandular epithelium.

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate. Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity. Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels. Epithelial tissue is innervated.

Epithelial tissue is innervated. Epithelial tissue is an innervated, avascular tissue that exhibits polarity. Epithelial tissue is also highly regenerative.

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?

Epithelium

Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption. True or False

False Pseudostratified epithelia are found in the respiratory linings. Cilia are used for movement, not increasing surface area.

All muscle cells contain striations.

False Smooth muscle cells do not contain striations. Although they do contain myofilaments, their arrangement is not regular enough to generate the striations seen in skeletal or cardiac muscle cells.

Diabetics with poor lower limb circulation often have slow-healing pressure ulcers on the bottom of their feet. In speeding up the healing process, surgical removal (debridement) of dead tissue from an ulcerative area would encourage increased __________.

Granulation tissue formation

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________.

In order, the basic steps of tissue repair are inflammation, organization, and regeneration.

Predict what would happen if a lung's visceral membrane were pulled away from its parietal membrane still attached to the chest wall. Excess serous fluid would quickly accumulate in the newly formed space. Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse. The lung would get much larger than normal when inhaling air. Only the parietal membrane would continue producing serous fluid.

Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse.

__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells.

Mucins Like mucous cells, goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucin, a protein that combines with water to form mucus. In goblet cells, the cuplike accumulation of mucin distends the top of the cell, making these cells look like a glass with a stem, thus "goblet" cell. This distortion does not occur in mucous cells.

Besides oxygen, what other bloodborne material must be provided to the affected tissues in adequate quantities to promote normal wound healing?

Nutrients

What activity does cell 1 undertake to contribute to the body's defense against injury and infection?

Phagocytosis of foreign materials Cell 1 is a macrophage, which phagocytizes foreign materials such as bacteria and debris. It can be identified by its large size.

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________.

Provide flexibility Elastic fibers contain elastin, a rubberlike protein that allows them to stretch and recoil like rubber bands, making them very flexible.

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium Yes, the simple cuboidal cells line the kidney tubules (nephrons) so that secretion and absorption can take place.

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei? cardiac skeletal smooth

Skeletal

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron? axon soma dendrites

Soma

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function? stratified squamous epithelium; absorption simple squamous epithelium; filtration simple columnar epithelium with microvilli; absorption simple cuboidal epithelium; secretion

Stratified squamous epithelium; absorption Stratified squamous epithelium (like you would find in the skin) is adapted for protection, not absorption from the external environment.

What function do transitional epithelia have?

Stretching Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary system. It lines the ureters, bladder, and proximal part of the urethra--organs that are subjected to distention or stretching as urine passes through or fills them.

Cutaneous membrane

The cutaneous membrane, a "dry" membrane exposed to air, consists of a keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium called the epidermis, and an underlying layer of connective tissue called the dermis.

What distinguishes the gland in A from the gland in B?

The method of secretion

Why are adipose tissue, blood, and bone all considered to be connective tissues?

They have a common origin: mesenchyme. Adipose tissue, bone, and blood (like all connective tissues) are derived from mesenchyme, an embryonic tissue. Also common to all connective tissues is the presence of cells and an extracellular matrix that consists of fibers bathed in ground substance.

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity. True or False

True

Which survival need shortage would most affect articular cartilage's ability to rebound after joint compression, and why does it have this effect? Oxygen, since cartilage cells receive this gas directly from nearby blood vessels. Water, since it makes up to 80% of cartilage's content and helps cushion articular bone surfaces. Nutrients, since the majority of cartilage is made out of polysaccharide glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Normal body temperature, since higher temperatures would slow down necessary biochemical reactions.

Water, since it makes up to 80% of cartilage's content and helps cushion articular bone surfaces.

Smooth muscle __________.

is under involuntary control Smooth and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium? simple columnar epithelium transitional epithelium simple squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium Yes, this single layer of squamous cells is ideal for the diffusion of gases in the lungs.