Mastering Bio Chapter 4

Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? whether or not the cell contains DNA whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes the presence or absence of ribosomes the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes

Which of the following statements about cells is true? All cells have internal structures that move. All cells have cell walls. All cells are attached to other cells. All cells are motile

All cells have internal structures that move

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false? Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids. Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes. Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles. Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.

Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.

Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false? The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons. The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products. The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water. The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.

The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane? The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane stops the products of the Golgi apparatus from leaving the cell. The Golgi apparatus begins the formation of the lipids that make up plasma membranes. The membranes of the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane are continuous.

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole? The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure. Plant cells grow at a slower rate than animal cells. Plant cells cannot divide. Animal cells have a similar organelle that produces the same effect as the central vacuole.

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell? The protein will be modified with the addition of a monosaccharide. The protein will be sent to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum to be sorted for its final destination. The proteins are packaged into vesicles for transport to the lysosomes. The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus

The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common? They are constructed of interrelated membranes. They all perform similar roles in the cell. They are all physically connected to each other. All are located in the nucleus of the cell.

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell. two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other. a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell. a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.

a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells.

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water. are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water.

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

Mitochondria are found in _____. plant cells only animal cells and bacterial cells both plant cells and animal cells animal cells only

both plant cells and animal cells

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines organelle theory. cell theory. inheritance of acquired characteristics. the laws of inheritance.

cell theory

The function of mitochondria is photosynthesis. cellular respiration. lipid synthesis. intracellular digestion.

cellular respiration

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________. chloroplasts; cell walls; a nucleus chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles centrioles; cell walls; large central vacuoles centrioles; chloroplasts; cell walls

chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called chromatin. a lysosome. a ribosome. a nucleolus.

chromatin

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called nucleoli. ribosomes. chromosomes. lysosomes.

chromosomes

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane. contains the cell's nucleoli. separates the RNA from the cytoplasm. contains the cell's DNA.

contains the cell's DNA.

What are the inner folds of the mitochondria called? matrix grana stroma cristae

cristae

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins. is made in the nucleolus. must be made by the ribosomes. carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.

is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____. its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment the materials needed to build it the number of organelles that can be packed inside the amount of flexibility it needs to be able to move

its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____. lack a nucleus have a smaller nucleus have more internal membranous compartments lack a plasma membrane

lack a nucleus

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells? mitochondrion peroxisome lysosome chloroplast

lysosome

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell. ribosomes and steroid hormones. mitochondria and proteins secreted by the cell.

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____. dead undergoing cell division metabolically active reproducing

metabolically active

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? ribosomes nucleoid chromosome membrane-bound nucleus

nucleoid

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its nucleoid region. nucleus. ribosomes. capsule.

nucleoid region.

The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the endoplasmic reticulum. plasma membrane. peroxisome. Golgi apparatus.

peroxisome

Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol? ribosomes Golgi apparatus peroxisome smooth ER

peroxisome

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell? production of proteins presence of a plasma membrane replication of DNA presence of a cell wall

presence of a cell wall

Secretory proteins are produced by the cell for internal use. chemically modified in the nucleus. produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. released from the cell through the plasma membrane.

released from the cell through the plasma membrane.

Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell? ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole lysosome, vacuole, ribosome

ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. make a lot of ATP secrete a lot of material perform photosynthesis move actively

secrete a lot of material

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis. produces proteins for cell membranes. stores calcium ions in muscle cells. is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells

stores calcium ions in muscle cells.

The Golgi apparatus strings together amino acids to produce proteins. stores, modifies, and packages proteins. is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another. is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.

stores, modifies, and packages proteins.

The function of the nucleolus is to manufacture polypeptides. to store chromatin. intracellular digestion. to manufacture ribosomal RNA.

to manufacture ribosomal RNA

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

As cell size increases, the ratio of surface area to volume stays the same. volume increases proportionally more than the surface area. surface area increases proportionally more than the volume. volume and surface area decrea

volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.

The purpose of cellular respiration is the production of __________. ATP oxygen glucose carbon dioxide

ATP