Math: Ratios and Proportions

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Percent of Decrease

A Negative Percent of Change

Percent of Increase

A Positive Percent of Change

scale drawing

A drawing that is used to represent an object that is too large or too small to be drawn at actual size.

scale model

A model that is used to represent an object that is too large or too small to be built at actual size.

Percent of Change

A ratio that compares the change in quantity to the original amount

Tip or Gratuity

A small amount of money in return for service

Sales Tax

An additional amount of money charged on items that people buy

Percent Equation

An equation that describes the relationship between the part, whole and percent

Slope-Intercept Form

An equation written in the form y=mx+b where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept

cross products

In a proportion, you multiply the numbers diagonally across from each other

Percent Proportion

One fraction or ratio that compares part of a quantity to the whole quantity. The other ratio is the equivalent percent written as a fraction

Constant of Variation

The constant ratio in a direct variation

slope

The rate of change between any two parts on a line.

Direct Proportion/ Direct Variation

The relationship between two variable quantities that have a constant ratio

Side-Side-Side similarity

Two triangles are similar if all corresponding sides are proportional

Side-Angle-Side Similarity

Two triangles are similar if two of the corresponding sides are proportional and the included angles are congruent

Angle-Angle Similarity

Two triangles are similar if two of their corresponding angles are similar

y-intercept

Where the graph crosses the y-axis

function notation

a form where the input x is any real number and the output f(x) is read as the function of x

linear function

a function for which the graph is a straight line

nonlinear function

a function whose graphs are not straight lines

rate of change

a rate that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another

unit rate

a rate that is simplifies to have a denominator of 1

rate

a ratio that compares two quantities with different units

function

a relation in which each member of the input is paired with exactly one member of the output

scale factor

a scale written as a ratio without units in simplest form

relation

a set of ordered pairs

function table

a table used to organize the input values, output values, and function rule

proportion

an equation stating that two ratios or rates are equivalent

corresponding angles

angles that are in the same relative position

similar figures

figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size

equivalent ratios

ratios that have the same value

corresponding sides

sides that are in the same relative position

discount

the amount by which the regular price of an item is reduced

principal

the amount of money deposited or borrowed

simple interest

the amount paid or earned for use of money

function rule

the operations performed on the input value to get the output

constant rate of change

the rate of change in a linear relationship

scale

the ratio that compares the measurements of the drawing or model to the measurements of the real object

domain

the set of input values

range

the set of output values

dependent variable

the variable in a function that depends on the independent variable

independent variable

the variable in a function that is subject to choice

nonproportional

two quantities in which the ratios are not constant

proportional

two quantities with a constant ratio

indirect measurement

using similar figures to find the length, width or height of objects that are just too difficult to measure directly.


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