MBA 704 Chapter 5

experience

-those open to ___ tend to have job training proficiency and make better decisions in a training problem-solving situation

extraversion

-those with high ___ tend to be associated with management and sales success

emotional stability

-those with high ___ tend to be more effective in stressful situations

agreeableness

-those with high _____ tend to handle customer relations and conflict more effectively

work

1. The __ itself - extent to which the job provides the individual with interesting tasks, opportunities for learning, and the chance to accept responsibility -major source of satisfaction

affective, continuance, normative

3-component "commitment" model by Meyer and Allen 1. ___ commitment 2. ___ commitment 3. ___ commitment

filter

An employees' perception can be thought of as a ____ because it is largely learned, and no one has the same learnings. and experience.

attitude, member, effort, values, goals

As an ___, organizational commitment is most often defined as 1. a strong desire to remain a ___ of a particular organization 2. a willingness to exert high levels of ____ on behalf of the organization 3. a definite belief in, and acceptance of, the __ and __ of the organization

emotional stability

Big Five -calm, secure, happy, unworried

agreeableness

Big Five -cooperative, warm, caring, good-natured, courteous, trusting

conscientiousness

Big Five -dependable, hardworking, organized, self-disciplined, persistent, responsible

openness to experience

Big Five -curious, intellectual, creative, cultured, artistically sensitive, flexible, imaginative

extraversion

Big Five -sociable, outgoing, talkative, assertive, gregarious

extraversion, introversion, perceiving, judging, sensing, intuition, thinking, feeling

Carl Jung in the 1920s yielded four personality dimensions and traits: 1. 2. 3. 4. He felt that although people had all four of these dimensions in common, they differ in the combination of their preferences of each.

people

Commit to ___ first values Put it in writing, hire the right kind managers, and walk the talk

community

Create a sense of ____ Build value-based homogeneity; share and share alike; emphasize barnraising, cross-utilization, and teamwork; get together

registration

During the ___ phenomenon, the physiological (SENSORY and NEURAL) mechanisms are affected; the physiological ability to hear and see will affect perception.

interpersonal behavior

Evidence that the employee's personality with influence ____ and the perception and the outcomes of organizational support.

five factor model

FFM

justice

Guarantee organizational ___ Have a comprehensive grievance procedure; provide for extensive two-way communication

organizational citizenship behavior

Has a cognitively based theoretical foundation. "individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization" Employees must perceive that they are being treated fairly, that the procedures and outcomes are fair

external, traits

How people affect others depends primarily on their ____ and ____

talent, emotional intellect

In tough economic times, ___ and ___ are the only natural competitive advantage

fairness, rewarding

Leaders can overcome such self esteem problems of their people by practicing procedural ___ and ___ for job well done

job satisfaction, emotional, outcomes, attitudes

Locke defines ___ as involving cognitive, affective, and evaluation reactions or attitudes and states it as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experience. 3 dimensions: 1. It is an ___ response to a job situation; cannot be seen only inferred 2. Often determined by how well ___ meet or exceed expectations 3. Represents several related ____

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

MBTI

extraversion, introversion

MBTI 1. Where do you get your energy?

sensing, intuiting

MBTI 2. What do you pay attention to and collect information on?

thinking, feeling

MBTI How do you evaluate and make decisions?

judging, perceiving

MBTI How do you orient yourself to the outside world?

people, clarify, communicate, justice, community, development

Management system that should help solve the current dilemma and enhance employees organizational commitment: 1. commit to ___ first values 2. ___ and ___ your mission 3. Guarantee organizational ___ 4. create a sense of ___ 5. support employee ____

heredity, brain

More important to the physiological/biological approach in the study of personality than the external appearance is the role of ___ and the ____

organization self esteem

OBSE

organizational citizenship behavior, altruism, conscientiousness, civid virtue, sportsmanship, courtesy

OCB 1. ____ (helping out when a coworker is sick) 2. ____ (staying late to finish a project) 3. ____ (volunteering for a community program to represent the firm) 4. ____ (sharing failure of a team project that would have been successful by following the member's advice) 5. ____ (being understanding and empathetic even when provoked)

self concept

People's attempts to understand themselves are called the ___ in personality theory

stimulus, situation, registration, interpretation, feedback

Perception begins when a person is confronted with a ___ or a ____ by a supervisor or new procedure. There are internal cognitive processes of 1. 2. 3.

sensation

Perception is more complex and much broader than ____

learning, socialization

Personality development consists of a continuous process and the sequence is based largely on the ___ opportunities available and the ____ process.

external, traits, self, situational

Personality is the whole person and is concerned with ___ appearance and ___, ___ and ___ interactions.

genes, personality

Scientists agree that ___ play a role not only in the physical characteristics and the brain but also in ____

global, organization based self esteem

Self-esteem is considered a ___ concept. Called _____, it is defined as the self-perceived value that individuals have of themselves as organization members acting within an organizational context., if scored high they viewed themselves positively

fixed, situation, context

Self-esteem is more a global, relatively ___ trait, whereas self-variables, such as self-efficacy, are more ___ and ___ specific.

emotional, behavioral

Self-esteem is related to areas such as ___ and ___ responses and stress of organizational members

mentors, role models, orientation, training, reward, career, challenging, training, feedback, supervisor, orientation, recruits

Specific techniques of socializing new employees would include the use of: 1. ___ or ___ 2. ___ and ____ 3. __ systems 4. ___ planning Specific steps that can lead to successful organizational socialization would include the following: 1. Provide a ___ first job 2. Provide relevant ____ 3. Provide timely and consistent ___ 4. Select a good first ___ to be in charge of socialization 5. Design a relaxed __ program 6. Place new ___ in workgroups with high morale

development

Support employee ___ Commit to actualizing; provide first-year job challenge; enrich and empower; promote from within; provide developmental activities; provide employee security without guarantees

person situation

The ___ interaction dimension suggests that people are not static, acting the same in all situations, but instead are ever changing and flexible.

self, emotion, optimism, efficacy

The ___ is a unique product of many interacting parts and may be thought of as the personality viewed from within. Particularly relevant to the widely recognized self-esteem and the emerging self-variables of multiple intelligences, ___, ____, and especially, ____ which are all relevant to the field of organizational behavior.

behavioral, overt, covert

The ___ termination of perception is the reaction or behavior, either overt or covert, which is necessary if perception is to be considered a behavioral event and thus an important part of organizational behavior. ___ behavior - employee may move rapidly or slowly ___ behavior - make a self-evaluation

brain

The ___, last frontier, holds more answers for personality than does heredity

socialization, early childhood, life

The continuous impact from the social environment is commonly called _____. It is relevant to organizational behavior because the process is not confined to ____; rather it takes place throughout one's ____. May be one of the best explanations for why employees behave the way they do in today's organizations.

fun, pay, benefits, promotion, interests, skills, exciting, satisfying

The following guidelines will enhance job satisfaction: 1. make jobs more ___ 2. have fair __, __, and ___ opportunities 3. Match people with jobs that fit their __ and __ 4. Design jobs to make them ___ and ___

feedback

The kinesthetic ____ (sensory impressions from muscles) for clarification

work, pay, promotion, supervision, coworkers

The most characteristics of a job about which employees have affective responses: 1. The ___ itself 2. ___ 3. ___ opportunities 4. ___ 5. ___

adaptability

The organizational commitment is determined by a number of personal tenure in the organization, career ___ and dispositions such as positive/negative affectivity, or internal/external control attributions and organizational values, support, procedural fairness, and the leadership style of one's supervisor variables

stereotyping, halo effect

There are numerous complex factors that enter into the social perception, but most important are the problems associated with ____ and the ___

conscientiousness

There is general agreement that ___ has the strongest positive correlation with job performance and may play a major role in competitive advantage -Set higher goals for themselves -Have higher expectations -Respond well to job enrichment -Empowerment strategies of human resource mgmt -less likely to be absent -relate positively to foreign assignment performance

gender

There is meta-analysis that there are ___ differences in certain personality characteristics

strategic, interpersonal

Those with a ____ management style were most characterized by conscientiousness and openness to experience, while those with a strong ____ management style were more characterized by extraversion and openness

social

__ perception is directly concerned with how one individual perceives other individuals; how we get to know others

pay

___ - The amount of financial remuneration that is received and the degree to which this is viewed as equitable vis-a-vis that of others in the organization

working conditions

___ - modest effect on job satisfaction. If they are good the personnel will find it easier to carry out their jobs. If poor personnel will find it more difficult to get things done.

supervision, employee centeredness, participation, influence

___ - the abilities of the supervisor to provide technical assistance and behavioral support ____ - measured by the degree to which a supervisor takes a personal interest and cares about the employee. ___ or ___ - managers who allow their people to participate in decisions that affect their own jobs.

hale effect

___ a person is perceived on the basis of one trait. 1. It is a common rater error. 2. It has both true and illusory components. 3. It has left to inflated correlations among rating dimensions and is due to the influence of a general evaluation and specific judgements. 4. It has negative consequences and should be avoided or removed.

clarify, communicate

___ and ___ your mission Make known the mission and ideology; make it charismatic, use value-based hiring practices; stress values-based orientation and training; build the tradition

continuance

___ commitment involves commitment based on the costs that the employee associates with leaving the organization. This may be because of the loss of senority for promotion or benefits.

affective

___ commitment involves the employee's emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in the organization

interpretation

___ is the most significant cognitive aspect of perception. MOTIVATION LEARNING PERSONALITY

promotion

___ opportunities - the changes for advancement in the organization

consequence

___ reinforcement/punishment or some organizational outcome

trait

___ theory -observable patterns of behavior that last over time

humanistic

___ theory aka Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslows -self-actualization and the drive one's potential

psychodynamic

___ theory aka Freud's psychoanalytic -the unconscious determinants of behavior

brain, environment, heredity, learning

___, ____, ___ and ____ ALL contribute to the human personality

nurture

____ -environmental, developmental dimensions

self concept

____ -including nature -heredity, and physiological/biological dimensions

psychological capital

____ individuals with high confidence, hope, optimism, and resiliency

negative, positive

____ affectivity and ___ affectivity have been found to be important antecedents to attitudes about one's job.

five factor model, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, openness to experience

____ are largely independent factors of a personality 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

normative

____ commitment involves employees' feelings of obligation to stay with the organization because they should; it is the right thing to do

job satisfactiom

____ has received the most attention of all work-related attitudes

personality

____ means how people affect others and how they understand and view themselves, as well as their pattern of inner and outer measurable traits and the person-situation interaction

stereotyping

____ refers to the tendency to perceive another person as belonging to a single class or category.

social evolution

____ suggests that humanity is evolving along the lines of social phenomena such as trust, collaboration, and competition.

perceptual process

____ the key to understanding is to recognize that it is a unique interpretation of the situation, not an exact recording of it. It is a very complex cognitive process that yields a unique picture of the world, a picture that may be quite different from reality.

integrative theoretical

____ theory -draws from all the historical theories

perceived, status, role

____: 1. The status of the person perceived will greatly influence others' perception of the person. 2. The person being perceived is usually placed into categories to simplify the viewer's perceptual activities. Two common categories are ___ and ___. 3. The visible traits of the person perceived will greatly influence others' perception of the person.

perciever

____: 1. knowing oneself makes it easier to see others accurately. 2. One's own characteristics affect the characteristics one is likely to see in others. 3. People who accept themselves are more likely to be able to see favorable aspects of other people. 4. Accuracy in perceiving others is not a single skill.

coworkers

_____ - the degree to which fellow workers are technically proficient and socially supportive -Can serve as support, comfort, advice, and assistance to the individual members to get the job done more enjoyable.

self esteem

___has to do with people's self-perceived competence and self-image.

can

high self-esteem ___ be a good thing, but only if creativity, intelligence, and persistence is nurtured and channeled in constructive and ethical ways. Otherwise, it can become antisocial and destructive

traits, self-concept

the dimensions of enduring ___ and the ___ to the understanding of the human personality.