M/C Ch 13_17

Which of the following is NOT a challenge for the middle-aged worker in the 21st century? A. declining work prospects in the service industries B. globalization C. decline in defined-benefit pensions D. increases in computer technology

a

Which of the following is NOT a concern with eldercare? A. Concern over the use of Medicare and Medicaid to cover the costs associated with eldercare. B. Concern over who will provide eldercare with so many women in the labor market. C. Concern over the health of adults in middle age who are attempting to care for their aging parents. D. all of these

a

Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs during middle adulthood is called ___________. A. accommodation B. climacteric C. sarcopenia D. chronic disintegration

c

An individual who states "I know that I can make a difference if I try" is demonstrating a need for __________. A. purpose B. values C. a sense of efficacy D. self-worth

c

During which of Kübler-Ross's five stages of dying is it suggested that the person might become silent, refuse visitors, and spend a great deal of time crying and grieving? A. denial B. bargaining C. depression D. anger

c

In middle age, individuals need __________ time to learn new information, and long- term memory becomes __________ reliable. A. less; more B. less; less C. more; less D. more; more

c

K. Warner Schaie's research focuses on the important links between __________ and the cognitive functioning of older adults. A. education B. work C. training D. economics

c

Regarding empty nest syndrome, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Parents who live vicariously through their children are less likely to experience empty nest feelings. B. For most parents, marital satisfaction decreases during the years after child rearing. C. Parents who are heavily invested in their children may suffer from a decline in marital satisfaction after children have left home. D. Marital partners have less time for each other with their children gone.

c

Which of the following is Erikson's stage for middle adulthood? A. generativity versus stagnation B. intimacy versus isolation C. autonomy versus shame D. integrity versus despair

a

According to Daniel Levinson, adults experience a transition to middle adulthood from ages __________. A. 22 to 28 B. 33 to 40 C. 40 to 45 D. 45 to 50

c

Which of the following sleep changes are NOT experienced by individuals in middle adulthood? A. fewer total number of hours spent in sleep than in early adulthood B. more frequent wakeful periods C. less time spent in stage 4 sleep D. amount of time spent lying awake in bed as night increases

A

Headaches, seeing blue, and blackouts are potential downfalls of the drug __________. A. Evista B. HRT (combined estrogen and progestin). C. Rogaine D. Viagra

D

The changing nature of middle age can be accounted for by the fact that __________. A. average life expectancy has increased dramatically in the past 100 years B. people today are more active and productive at later ages C. medical discoveries have improved health in adulthood D. all of these

D

. Which researcher(s) argue(s) that crystallized intelligence increases in middle age, while fluid intelligence decreases? A. John Horn B. K. Warner Schaie C. Nancy Denney D. Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman

a

A(n) __________ __________ policy states that life-sustaining procedures not be used to prolong an individual's life when death is imminent. A. advanced directive B. passive euthanasia C. active euthanasia D. electroencephalogram

a

According to Baltes, __________ involves reducing performance in some domains in order to focus on optimal performance in other domains. A. selection B. optimization C. compensation D. integrity

a

According to Victor Frankl, which of the following is NOT one of the three most distinct human qualities? A. religion B. spirituality C. freedom D. responsibility

a

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, during late adulthood, emotion-related goals __________, and knowledge-related goals __________. A. increase; decrease B. increase; increase C. decrease; increase D. decrease; decrease

a

Of married adults at midlife, the majority say their marriages are __________. A. excellent or very good B. good C. average D. not very good or poor

a

Older adults are afforded higher positions in society in all cases EXCEPT when they __________. A. rely on community resources for basic needs B. are permitted to engage in useful and valued societal functions C. are integrated into an extended family D. have valuable knowledge

a

One of the main points of Erikson's theory is that __________. A. resolution of conflicts from earlier life stages can provide a foundation for many facets of integrity and wisdom in old age B. older adults must redefine their worth in terms of something other than work roles C. each older adult must cope with declining physical abilities D. older adults must recognize and accept their own mortality

a

Pallative care focuses on: A. reducing pain and suffering, so that individuals can die with dignity. B. curing chronic illness. C. life-sustaining procedures used to prolong life when death is imminent. D. promoting healthy lifestyles to avoid chronic illness.

a

Regarding intergenerational relationships, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The majority of middle-aged adults experience the effects of being the "sandwich" generation. B. The middle-aged generation plays an important role in linking generations. C. Mothers and daughters tend to have the strongest intergenerational relationships. D. Continuing contact across generations in families usually occurs.

a

The ___________ model of coping with bereavement consists of two main dimensions: loss-oriented stressors and restoration-oriented stressors. A. dual-process B. despair C. environmental stress D. complicated grief

a

The contemporary life-events approach places emphasis on all of the following EXCEPT __________. A. the stress created by life events B. mediating factors of life events C. adaptation to life events D. the sociohistorical context of life events

a

What percentage of U.S. adults 65 years of age and over reside in a nursing home? A. 3% B. 13% C. 23% D. 50%

a

Which of the following dimensions tends NOT to decrease in late adulthood? A. sustained attention B. working memory C. speed of processing information D. perceptual speed

a

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for communicating with a dying person? A. Make small talk to keep their mind off their situation. B. Encourage the dying person to reminisce. C. Express your regard and love for the dying person. D. Allow the dying person to express guilt or anger.

a

Which of the following is a common physical change in late adulthood? A. height loss B. increased sensitivity to pain C. mildly diminished hearing D. extremely diminished sense of taste and smell

a

Which of the following is an example of Erikson's view of integrity? A. Emily, age 72, thinks she made a valuable contribution to numerous lives during her career as a nurse. B. Joe, age 60, regrets never having children and is looking for a way to add meaning to his life. C. Amber, age 68, struggles with her health, but is optimistic that she will recover and return to live in her own home. D. Jesse, age 71, is content living in a nursing home and remains active in various social activities.

a

what is the typical sequence of emotions in Kübler-Ross's stages of dying? A. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance B. denial, bargaining, anger, depression, acceptance C. bargaining, anger, depression, denial, acceptance D. anger, depression, denial, bargaining, acceptance

a

. In Levinson's theory, what does BOOM stand for? A. Balanced, objective, optimistic male B. Becoming One's Own Man C. Beliefs, opinions, objectives, measures D. Balancing On One's Morals

b

Active euthanasia is legal in __________ state(s) in the United States?A. 0B. 1C. 5 D. 11

b

After a loved one dies, it is common for the grieving person to focus on places and things associated with the loved one. Which dimension of grief does this behavior describe? A. yearning B. separation anxiety C. despair and sadness D. immediate reaction

b

After being diagnosed with an untreatable, terminal form of cancer, Peggy shouted "This isn't fair! I've always exercised and eaten right! Why me?" What stage of dying is Peggy likely experiencing? A. denial and isolation B. anger C. bargaining D. depression

b

Alternatives to nursing homes include all the following EXCEPT which one? A. home health care B. gerontologists C. preventive medicine clinics D. adult day-care centers

b

Deaths that are sudden, untimely, violent, or traumatic are likely to have __________ effects on surviving individuals. A. less intense B. more intense C. unpredictable D. minimal

b

Divorces in young adulthood tend to be emotionally __________, and divorces in middle adulthood tend to be emotionally __________. A. volatile; volatile B. volatile; suppressed C. suppressed; volatile D. suppressed; suppressed

b

During middle age, an individual's height is likely to __________, and their weight is likely to __________. A. maintain; decrease B. decrease; increase C. decrease; maintain D. increase; maintain

b

Early-onset Alzheimer disease accounts for __________ % of cases. A. 20 B. 10 C. 50 D. 20

b

One of the concerns with generational inequality is that __________. A. young adults are more educated, thus often take high paying jobs from elderly workers B. our aging society is being unfair to its younger members as they are expected to fund resources which are used largely by the aging population C. older adults are unfairly discriminated against based on their age with no respect to skills or expertise D. our society has created a generational divide fueled by rapid change in technology

b

Poverty rates are the highest among older __________ who live alone. A. White women B. African American women C. Latino women D. White men

b

Prejudice against older adults is called __________. A. eldercare B. ageism C. racism D. sexism

b

Providing nurturance and guidance to children is an example of __________ generativity. A. biological B. parental C. work D. cultural

b

Regarding grandparenting conceptions in middle age, which of the following is NOT a grandparenting style? A. formal B. caregiving C. fun-seeking D. distant

b

Regarding menopause, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The side effects of menopause are relatively consistent for all women. B. The average age at which women have their last period is 51. C. The majority of women experience serious psychological problems related to menopause. D. Hormone replacement therapy is recommended for all women in menopause

b

Regarding sibling relationships, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Most adult sibling relationships are not close. B. Adult siblings who are close tended to be close in childhood. C. It is quite common for adult siblings to develop closeness for the first time in adulthood. D. all of these

b

Regarding widowhood, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Men do better in responding to the death of a spouse. B. Widowed women are the poorest group in America. C. Men have more social support after the death of a spouse. D. Younger widows do better than older widows do in responding to the death of a spouse.

b

The free-radical theory of aging suggests that __________. A. aging in the body's hormonal system may lower resilience to stress and increase the likelihood of disease B. people age because inside their cells normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells damaging DNA and other cellular structures. C. cells can divide only a certain number of times and that, as we age, our cells become increasingly less capable of dividing D. when using the terms young-old, old-old, and oldest-old, we should refer to a person's functional rather than chronological age

b

What percentage of adults over 65 years of age are married? A. 95% B. 56% C. 33% D. 15%

b

What portion of corpses in the United States are cremated rather than buried? A. 10% B. 20% C. 50% D. 70%

b

Which of pianist Arthur Rubenstein's behaviors provides an example of optimization in old age? A. Rubenstein reduced the scope of his performances, playing fewer pieces. B. Rubenstein spent more time practicing than he did earlier in his life. C. Rubenstein used special strategies to create the perception of faster playing. D. all of these

b

A __________ has the goal of making the end of life free from pain, anxiety, and depression, and a __________ has the goal of curing illness and prolonging life. A. hospital; hospital B. hospital; hospice C. hospice; hospital D. hospice; hospice

c

Which of the following statements regarding religious experience is TRUE? A. There are significant increases in spirituality and religion during middle age. B. Americans are becoming less committed to particular religious denominations. C. Religion is associated with decreased physical health. D. Males show a stronger interest in religion than females do.

b

Which study demonstrated that the big five factors of personality showed considerable stability over adulthood? A. Neugarten's Kansas City Study B. Costa and McCrae's Baltimore Study. C. Berkeley Longitudinal Studies D. Helson's Mills College Study.

b

________ memory is the retention of information about the where and when of life's happenings. A. Semantic B. Episodic C. Implicit D. Explicit

b

_________ refers to the number of years a person is likely to live when he or she is born. A. Life span B. Life expectancy C. Centenarian D. Cellular clock

b

n Erik Erikson's theory, __________ describes the period of development for humans in late adulthood. A. intimacy versus isolation B. integrity versus despair C. generativity versus stagnation D. identity versus identity confusion

b

ndividuals who are 100 years and older are called __________. A. elderly B. centenarians C. young-old D. longevity

b

. In the MacArthur Study of Midlife Development, what percentage of U.S. middle-age adults considered religion or spirituality a major part of their lives? A. 30 % B. 50 % C. 70% D. 90%

c

Regarding physical changes in middle adulthood, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Midlife changes are mostly rapid. B. Genetic factors are the sole predictors of which chronic diseases will appear and when. C. Physical changes include changes in physical appearance such as wrinkles and age spots. D. Being overweight is not a critical health problem in middle adulthood.

c

Regarding the cultural context of middle adulthood, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Most cultures distinguish between young and old adults. B. In many cultures, the concept of middle age is not clear. C. In many nonindustrialized societies, a woman's status often declines in middle age. D. The nature of middle age for women in other cultures depends on the modernity of the culture and the culture's view of gender roles.

c

The __________ theory of social development in late adulthood suggests that older adults become more discriminating about their social networks. A. disengagement B. activity C. socioemotional selectivity D. selective optimization with compensation

c

The average life expectancy for a person born today in the United States is __________ years. A. 55.5 B. 68.4 C. 77.6 D. 83.1

c

When bone tissue loss becomes severe, an older adult has developed __________. A. glaucoma B. cataracts C. osteoporosis D. arthritis

c

Which of the following findings would be supported by the cumulative personality model of development? A. Jim used to be quite shy, but he has learned to be more talkative and social as it is a benefit to his business relationships. B. Jen was working in New York City during the 911 terrorist attacks. Since that time, her personality has become more somber and thoughtful. C. After years of experimenting with different social groups, Helen now selectively chooses activities and environments that complement her outgoing personality. D. Despite constant criticism by his mother, Eric continues to engage in risky behaviors that fuel his adventure-seeking personality.

c

Which of the following health concerns are considered fatal chronic conditions? A. bursitis B. hypertension C. stroke D. arthritis

c

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Kubler-Ross's stages of dying? A. It lacks empirical support. B. It fails to consider the personal situations and circumstances of each person. C. It does not recognize the extensive gender differences in how men and women deal with their emotions. D. It is not a true stage theory, as individuals do not necessarily progress through the stages in a sequential fashion

c

Which of the following is NOT a noncognitive factor influencing older adult performance on memory tasks? A. health B. education C. beliefs D. socioeconomic status

c

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding work and late adulthood? A. Today, the percentage of men over age 65 who continue to work full time is more than at the beginning of the twentieth century. B. There has been a decrease in part-time work among those in late adulthood. C. Some individuals continue a life of strong work productivity throughout late adulthood. D. Retirement is a nineteenth-century phenomenon.

c

Which of the following is an example of a boomerang kid? A. A college student who continues to move home each summer throughout his college years. B. A young, single mother who repeatedly relies on her parents for assistance in paying basic living expenses. C. A young adult who returns to live with his parents after finishing college and getting a full-time job. D. all of these

c

Which of the following statements concerning cohabitation in older adults is FALSE? A. Cohabitating older adults report higher levels of depression than their married counterparts. B. Cohabitating older adults have a more positive, stable relationship than younger adults who cohabitate. C. Cohabitating older adults are more likely to have plans to marry their partners than younger ones. D. Older adults may choose to cohabitate rather than to get married in order to maintain separate financial assets.

c

Which of the following statements regarding technology use by older adults is FALSE? A. Older adults are less likely than younger adults to have a computer in their home. B. Older adults are less likely to use the Internet than younger adults. C. Older adults are more likely than young adults to critically examine the accuracy of information on the Internet. D. Older adults are the fastest growing segment of Internet users.

c

Who suggested that life review is set in motion by looking forward to death? A. Erik Erikson B. Robert Peck C. Robert Butler D. Laura Cartensen

c

________ euthanasia occurs when a person is allowed to die by withholding available treatment, while __________ euthanasia occurs when death is deliberately induced. A. Suicide; homicide B. Active; passive C. Passive; active D. Homicide; suicide

c

________ is a mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, and bored. A. Alzheimer disease B. Dementia C. Major depression D. Parkinson disease

c

_________ is the term used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines. A. Menopause B. Chronic disorder C. Climacteric D. Hardiness

c

Another name for implicit memory is __________ memory. A. declarative B. working C. wisdom D. procedural

d

Compared with younger workers, older workers are more likely to __________. A. have higher absenteeism B. have more accidents C. report lower job satisfaction D. experience age-related negative stereotypes

d

Dr. Jack Kevorkian's activities are associated with __________. A. passive euthanasia B. advanced directives C. living wills D. assisted suicide, a form of active euthanasia

d

In older adults, social support and integration are related to __________. A. improved physical health B. improved mental health C. greater longevity D. improved physical and mental health, as well as greater longevity

d

What percentage of all deaths in the United States occur in institutions or hospitals? A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. 80%

d

Which of the following is NOT an important relationship component for middle-age couples? A. security B. loyalty C. mutual emotional interest D. physical attraction

d

Which of the following is a loss-oriented stressor related to coping? A. grief work B. positive reappraisal (i.e., relief of suffering) C. negative reappraisal (i.e., rumination) D. all of these

d

Which of the following is a normal grief reaction? A. apathy B. loneliness C. pining D. all of these

d

Which of the following is a physiological cause of erectile dysfunction? A. hypertension B. diabetes C. elevated cholesterol D. all of these

d

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in middle adulthood? A. accidents B. cerebrovascular disease C. cancer D. heart disease

d

Which of the following reasons is NOT a criticism concerning male bias in stage theories of adult development? A. Central focus of stage theories is on career choice and work achievement. B. Stage theories do not adequately address women's concerns about relationship, interdependence, and caring. C. The types of stress experienced by middle-aged women and men are different. D. Stage theories do not account for unique life events and circumstances that an individual may experience.

d

Which of the following statements concerning a midlife crisis is FALSE? A. Most people who report having a midlife crisis attribute the crisis to negative life events rather than aging. B. Emotional instability of individuals does not significantly increase through their middle-aged years. C. Many adults experience a peak of personal control and power in middle age. D. Most midlife crises are due to financial insecurities experienced by autonomous males.

d

Which of the following statements regarding exercise, nutrition, and weight in late adulthood is TRUE? A. Longitudinal studies have shown food restriction to increase life span in humans. B. Aerobic exercise and strength training are not recommended for adults over age 55. C. Vitamin supplements have been shown conclusively to slow the aging process and improve older adults' health. D. Leaner men live longer, healthier lives.

d

Which of the following statements regarding life review is TRUE? A. Life review does not include sociocultural dimensions. B. Life review helps prepare individuals for death, but increases their fear of death. C. Life review does not provide new and significant meaning to a person's life. D. Life review may cause individuals to reevaluate previous experiences and their meaning.

d

Which of the following statements regarding the nature of cognitive change in adulthood is TRUE? A. Most dimensions of cognition decline in late adulthood. B. Most dimensions of cognition remain stable or improve in late adulthood. C. Cognition is unidimensional. Thus, cognitive change tends to be "all or nothing." D. Some dimensions of cognition decline, while others remain stable or improve.

d

Which researcher is associated with the Grant Study of Men? A. Daniel Levinson B. Erik Erikson C. Bernice Neugarten D. George Vaillant

d

________ is a global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning. A. Parkinson disease B. Alzheimer disease C. Depression D. Dementia

d

_________ involves looking at one's experiences, evaluating them, interpreting them, and sometimes reinterpreting them. A. Disengagement B. Role preoccupation C. Ego transcendence D. Life review

d

__________ describes the extent to which someone is softhearted, trusting, and helpful. A. Emotional stability B. Extraversion C. Openness D. Agreeableness

d

__________ grief is a type of grief that involves enduring despair that is still unresolved over an extended period of time. A. Intense B. Depressive C. Yearning D. Complicated

d

__________ involves having an extensive, highly organized knowledge and understanding of a particular domain. A. Crystallized intelligence B. Fluid intelligence C. Leisure D. Expertise

d

__________, involving discussion of past activities and experiences with another individual or group; may improve the mood of older adults. A. Life review B. Selective optimization C. Generational communication D. Reminiscence therapy

d

why do psychologists believe leisure takes on increased importance in middle adulthood? A. Middle adults need to prepare psychologically for retirement. B. Middle adulthood is a time to discover new interests and activities to fill newly available time after retirement. C. Middle adulthood financial and career changes produce expanded opportunities for leisure. D. all of these

d