SWQ
32. Why is the testing with checklists NOT applied for large system?
There are too many items to be tested / The checklist cannot describe complex functions of the system detailed
Weak 1 x 1 uses few test points and can detect most of the boundary problems most of the time
Therefore, it should be a primary candidate for boundary testing.
Which of the following characterizes the cost of faults?
They are cheapest to find in the early development
20 Which of the following characterises the cost of faults?
They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most
Which of the following characterises the cost of faults
They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the latest test phases
Which of the following characterizes the cost of faults?
They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the latest test phases.
Which of the following characterises the cost of faults
They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the |
16 Which one of the following statements, about capture-replay tools, is NOT
They are used to capture and animate user requirements.
Which one of the following statements, about capture-replay tools, is NOT correct?
They are used to capture and animate user requirements.
Which of the following is correct about static analysis tools
They help you find defects rather than failures
14. The software engineer's role in tool selection is (3M)
To identify, evaluate, and rank tools, and recommend tools to management
what is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?
A walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained moderator.
38. After extensive test activities have stopped. Which activity should be done?
Analyse and follow|up
16 The place to start if you want a (new) test tool is:
Analyse your needs and requirements
The place to start if you want a test tool is
Analyse your needs and requirements
based on learning algorithms inspired by biological neural networks
Artificial neural networks
from a customer'sor external perspective, such as various reliability measures and impact assessments
Failure-related quality assessments
Decisions based on explicit quality assessments
Failure-related, Fault-related
If your product or service meets all your internal requirements, you can be confident that your customer will be satisfied
False
The long-term feedback to the overall quality engineering process comes in two form
Feedback to quality planning && Feedback to the quality assessment
1. ___________ Testing will be performed by the people at client own locations (1M)
Field testing
activity measurements for individual activities
Fine-grain
A typical commercial test execution tool would be able to perform all of the following Except
Generating expected outputs
A typical commercial test execution tool would be able to perform all of thefollowing Except
Generating expected outputs
36 The cost of fixing a fault:
Increases as we move the product towards live use
The cost of fixing a fault
Increases as we move the product towards live use
The cost of fixing a fault:
Increases as we move the product towards live use
19. Benefit of independent testing?
Independent testers have different view than developer and representative for users
such as achieving certain test coverage goals, can be used as exit criteria, which implicitly equates coverage levels to reliability levels.
Indirect quality assessments
5. What is the main purpose of Informal review (2M)
Inexpensive way to get some benefit
Which of the following is NOT true of incidents
Incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test.
Which of the following is NOT true of incidents?
Incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test.
Which of the following is false
Incidents should always be fixe
Which of the following is false
Incidents should always be fixed
11 Which of the following is false?
Incidents should always be fixed.
Which of the following is false?
Incidents should always be fixed.
24. Which is NOT an action type in FSMs concept?
Information storing action
24. What is defect logging?
Initial reporting and recoding of a discovered defect.
Q5: What is limitation of checklist-based testing?
[A] It is not enough information for re-test---[ANS]
Q10: What is Alpha testing?
[A] It is performed by customers at the software developer's site***
Q5: The leader selects reviewers to join the inspection. In which step is the activity?
[A] Planning***
Q9: Which activity is NOT Verification?
[A] System test***
Q9: An error is
[A] a human action that produces an incorrect result.***
Q1: A key concept of quality control is that all work products
[A] are thoroughly tested/reviewed before delivered to the customer***
Q7: Regression test is
[A] to ensure the quality of product releases based on previous version***
Q8: What is NOT correct about DFT construction?
[B] DFT is process-oriented***
Q5: Testing process focuses on which type of defect handing?
[B] Defect reduction***
Q6: The defect attribute that would help management determine the impact of the defect is called
[B] Defect severity***
Q8: Checklist-based testing can be stop if
[B] Every item on the checklist is tested and passed---[ANS]
Q4: What is NOT an analysis technique for Defect prevention?
[B] Fault tolerance***
Q4: Which of the following is true of the V-model?
[B] It includes the verification and validation***
Q5: What is an action in FSM's concept?
[B] It is an activity that be performed at a given moment***
Q9: What is the issue of the testing?
[B] Only show the presence of defects, not their absence***
Q6: When is Defect prevention effectively?
[B] Right at the beginning of the product development***
Q3: Which is not software quality characteristic?
[B] Specific***
Q2: What is NOT a step of Quality Improvement Paradigm (QIP)?
[B] Strategy forming***
Q2: What is used to measure the effectiveness of inspections?
[B] The number and severity of defects found by inspection***
Q10: Which catches errors earlier?
[B] Verification***
Q8: Integration testing in the small:
[B] tests interactions between modules or subsystems.***
Which QA alternative is better to identify conceptual problems?
[B]**** Inspection
Which set of metrics can be used to monitor the test execution?
[B]*****Number of test cases run & not run; test cases passed & failed
Duplication technique of Fault tolerance is
[B]*****Parallel running of multiple programs
Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test?
[B]****To prove the low quality of development team
Acceptance Testing is the responsibility of the
[B]****User/Customer
Q10: A program validates a numeric field as follows:
[C] 20, 25, 30---[ANS]
Q7: How many major parts and chapters are organized in the book "Software Quality
[C] 4 and 22***
Q5: Inspection and Testing are 2 types of
[C] Defect Detection & Removal***
Q3: What is the focus of CFT?
[C] Execution path***
Q6: The customer's view of quality means:
[C] Fit for use***
Q1: FSM can classify by
[C] Input/Output or State***
Q7: What is defect logging?
[C] It is the initial reporting and recording of a discovered defect***
The oracle assumption:
Is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test.
Q7: Which role is NOT mandatory for a Causal analysis resolution meeting?
[C] Problem owner***
Q10: What is NOT an activity of Quality assessment and Improvement?
[C] Product release***
Q4: What is NOT mandatory of a path?
[C] Segment***
Q6: What is NOT a generic method for information gathering and OP construction?
[C] Test---[ANS]
Q10: What is NOT a step of Formal inspections?
[C] Testing execution***
Q1: What is the relationship between testing and quality assurance
[C] Testing is part of a complete QA process***
Q6: A branching node is
[C] a node associated with multiple outlinks***
Which of the following tools is used to rate the problems?
[C]****** Pareto Chart
Which of the following does not belong to 7 basic quality tools?
[C]****Pie chart
A test run is also called as
[D] ****An attempt
Q1: An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2010. The boundary values for testing this field are
[D] 1899, 1900, 1901,2009,2010,2011***
Q8: Who of project team is responsible for defect prevention at project level?
[D] All members***
Q1: Which software products can be inspected?
[D] All other items***
Q9: Which is NOT best way for FSM testing?
[D] Build separate state***
Q7: Which is NOT the benefit of Partition-based testing?
[D] Ensure product reliability---[ANS]
Q3: Which is NOT reason that testing with checklists is not effectively
[D] It is tracked what has been done---[ANS]
Q8: Please order the scope and content hierarchy
[D] Testing, quality assurance, and software quality engineering***
Q2: What is NOT the reason why we test software?
[D] To check performance of developers***
Q2: FSMs is a model of behavior composed of a finite number of
[D] states, transitions and actions***
Q9: What is boundary value testing?
[D] to test the boundaries that separate valid and invalid conditions.---[ANS]
Fault tolerance focuses on
[D]*******All other items
What is NOT Defect handling rule?
[D]*******Defects are used to punish owners
What is not a part of the cost of Fault tolerance?
[D]*****Defect fixing cost
Which of the following would NOT normally form part of a test plan?
[D]****Incident reports
Which technique is NOT applied in Fault tolerance for timely decision?
[D]****N-Version programming
15. What is Data flow testing?
It is the verification of correct handling of data relations during program execution
26. NOT a condition stop testing?
It is time to deliver the source code to customer
5. What is boundary value testing?
It is to test the boundaries that separate valid and invalid conditions.
16. Which is NOT reason that testing which checklists is not effectively for large system?
It is tracked what has been done
38. What is a Boundary?
It is where two sub|domains meet
39. What is NOT correct about Weak N X 1 strategy?
It uses n ON points and 1 OFF points
script not found or unable to start
J
34. What is NOT mandatory of a path?
Segment
Node for conditional definition of certain data:
Selector
The node for conditional definition of certain are called as :
Selector node
The nodes for conditional of certain date are called as
Selector nodes
Which are NOT subcategories of generalized models?
Semi|customized models
Which models are used for better estimation?
Semi|customized models
During the testing of a module tester 'X' finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it's not a bug. What 'X' should do?
Send to the detailed information
But developer rejects the same, saying that it?s not a bug. What „X? should do
Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the
During the testing of a module tester „X? finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it?s not a bug. What „X? should do?
Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility
3. Which elements is FSM composed of ?
States, transitions and actions.
Which of the following requirements is testable?
The response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load.
In statistical analysis, the median is
The score in the middle of the responses
Figure 10.1
The states are listed as both,The rows represent originating,f a transition from state X,If a cell is marked with "na"
What test items should be put under configuration management?
The test object, the test material and the test environment
What is NOT a risk of automation testing?
The test result is not collected
Data flow analysis studies:
The use of data on paths through the code.
when the defect is detected, counted from the start of the project.
The week
activities and their relationships
Theprocess characteristicsinclude
specific development techniques used
Theprocess characteristicsinclude
the process used
Theprocess characteristicsinclude
30 A tool that supports traceability, recording of incidents or scheduling of tests
a configuration management tool
A tool that supports traceability, recording of incidents or scheduling of tests is called:
a configuration management tool
14. a measurement tool that shows statistically-determined upper and lower limits is:
a control chart
5. a non-measurable aspect of customer service is:
a customer?s anxiety level
The limited cappability for fault tolerance is achieved through fault avoidance due to...
a different execution path
1 When what is visible to end-users is a deviation from the specific or
a failure
When what is visible to end-users is a deviation from the specific or expected behavior, this is called:
a failure
7) which of the following is not true of test coverage criteria?
a measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found.
7. which of the following is not true of test coverage criteria?
a measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found.
For CFT, the test preparation includes the following sub-steps
build and verify the CFG>Define and select paths to>sensitize the paths or the test,Plan for result checking.
1. cots is known as
commercial off the shelf software
Data use in general computation or in predicate,
commonly referred to as C-use or P-use
26. Data of a project show that defects of the type "standard convention" are duplicated in comparing with normal measurement. The cause is that customer has provided new codingconvention but project manager did not plan to explain it for the team. To which cause category can the above problem be classified?
communication
16. force field analysis can be defined as a way to:
compare forces going with you and forces going against you
various defect prevention activities are typically
concentrated in the earlier phases of software developmen
The error sources are typically associated with activities in these early phases, such as
conceptual mistakes by designers and programmers,unfamiliarity with the product domain...
A set of internal specifications needs to be
followed or other rules or criteria need to be satisfied
problem like logical faults, indirectly, can be dealed by...
formal verification
10. What is not correct about Formal verification?
formal verification is to show the presence of defects/ formal verification is to verify the absence of faults of code
Most defects from unit testing are not
formally tracked because they are considered as part of the implementation activities
It would be hard to come up with checklists that cover all the functional (black-box) or structural (white-box) components
from different perspectives and at different levels
QA activities, typically inspections and reviews, carried out at the transitions
from one phase to the next are shown as barriers or gates to pass.
The oracle assumption
is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test
19 The oracle assumption:
is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test.
19) the oracle assumption:
is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test.
19. the oracle assumption:
is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a test.
2.faults found by users are due to:
poor software and poor testing
fault tolerance implementation using recovery blocks slows down normal processing
operational cost
what is the ability of software to be transferred from one
portability
an important extension to the "when" question of defect definition
pre-or post-release
Alpha testing is
pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer?s site
34 Alpha testing is:
pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer?s site.
34) alpha testing is:
pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer?s site.
34. alpha testing is:
pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer?s site.
what is the focus of failure containment techniques?
prevention before accidents happen
It is customary to sort the operations by descending
probabilities of usage and present the results in that order
testing techniques were also described in this chapter, including
problem diagnosis testing, defect-based testing,regression testing for product maintenance,testing to achieve other objectives,other execution and dynamic alternatives to testing
15. a is the step-by-step method followed to ensure that standards are met
procedure
13. and are used within individual workbenches to produce the right output products (2m)
procedures and standards
what is the purpose of level 4 in cmmi?
process quantitatively...
29. What is not correct about Branching nodes of CFG?
processing nodes typically associated with phrases such as "do/enter" something
defect containment activities are typically the focus of
operational phases, with its planning, design, and implementation carried out earlier during software development
Defect logging
or the initial reporting and recording of a discovered defect This ensures that a record will be kept for every discovered defect
30. Which defect detection technique is used for object
oriented systems? | use case based inspection
what is ODC in process measurements concepts
orthogonal defect classification
duplication technique of fault tolerance is
parallel running of multiple programs
what is duplication technique of fault tolerance?
parallel running of multiple programs
10. a measurement tool that is based on characteristics of a product, process, or service is a:
pareto chart
Better coverage because a partition is collectively exhausitive, and better efficiency because of the use of mutually exclusive...
partitions
what is the different between segment and path?
path includes initial and exit nodes
3. which is the non-functional testing (1m)
performance testing
Beta testing is:
performed by customers at their own site
testing according to customer usage scenarios and frequencies captured in OPs cannot be
performed until most of the product components have been implemented
sometimes... activity can be associated with the completion of some major tasks or occurrence of some significant events
periodic checkpointing
28. What testing model is most applied in late sub
phase of testing?| UBST
21. Why is the testing divided into various sub
phases? | Each test sub|phase has a different purpose and techniques
46. Which is a termination criterion of sofrware development sub
phases? | Planned objectives of the sub|phases
which of the following is not one of 7 basic quality tools
pie chart
24. pdca is known as (1m)
plan, do, check, act
8. The leader identifies documents to inspect, inspectors and inspection schedule. In which step is the activity?
planning
the leader indentifies documents to inspect...
planning
the leader select review to join the inspection in which step is this activity
planning
The inner inspection steps
planning (same),kickoff (overview), individual checking (preparation),logging meeting (inspection),edit (rework),process brainstorming (),edit audit (follow-up)
33. find the correct flow of the phases of a formal review (3m)
planning, review meeting, rework, follow up
44. What is the focus of the education and training for developers familiar with embedded software to avoid wrong solutions?
product and domain specific knowledge
what is the focus of the education and traning for developers familiar with formal verification and statistical testing?
product and domain specific knowledge
which background knowledge is not requested to start the SQAT lectures?
product and domain specific knowledge
A typical sequence includes, in chronological order:
product planning, requirement analysis,specification, design, coding, testing, release...
17. Which one is indirect measurement for Quality?
productivity of testing execution(number of test cases/test effort)
what is the rule of usage-based statistical testing?
products should....time
45. Which quality assessment models are ISO 9000 models?
product|specific models
the most commonly verified or analyzed object are...
program code
from which item can defects not detected directly by the inspection?
program execution
7 Non-functional system testing includes:
testing quality attributes of the system including performance and usability
Non-functional system testing includes:
testing quality attributes of the system including performance and usability
which order of the scope and content hierarchy is correct?
testing, quality assurance, and software quality engineering
Integration testing in the small
tests interactions between modules or subsystems
32 Integration testing in the small:
tests interactions between modules or subsystems.
32) integration testing in the small:
tests interactions between modules or subsystems.
32. integration testing in the small:
tests interactions between modules or subsystems.
The exception to this is between testing and release, where
the reviews are typically accompanied by acceptance testing
23. in statistical analysis, the median is:
the score in the middle of the responses
The exact way used to handle defects is also influenced by
the specific QA activities that led to their initial discovery, the project environment, and other factors
Data flow analysis studies
the use of data on paths through the code
26) data flow analysis studies:
the use of data on paths through the code.
verification and validation activities may be distributed in
these different processes differently
20) which of the following characterises the cost of faults?
they are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the
20. which of the following characterises the cost of faults?
they are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the latest test phases.
One of the important characteristics of these checklists is that
they are typically not veryspecific, particularly those high-level ones
16) which one of the following statements, about capture-replay tools, is not correct?
they are used to capture and animate user requirements.
16. which one of the following statements, about capture-replay tools, is not
they are used to capture and animate user requirements.
14. Which is not correct about Unit test?
unit test ensures each unit acts right as its design
The exception is
unit testing, which is usually carried out parallel to coding by the same person
22. there is one application, which runs on a single terminal. there is another application that works on multiple terminals. what are the test techniques you will use on the second application that you would not do on the first application?
update & rollback, response time
Customer and user training can be better focused on those features that the customers
use the most instead of esoteric ones more likely to be used by internal users
29) which of the following is the best source of expected outcomes for user acceptance test scripts?
user requirements
29. which of the following is the best source of expected outcomes for user acceptance test scripts?
user requirements
competent people(and heroics)
1 initial(ad-hoc)
prokect management processes
2 repeatable
What is the minimal number of test cases to test a deterministic loop?
7
4. Test run call as
An attempt
6. Activity is validation?
Code review
35. Which testing is used to find the exact location of the defects in the program?
Diagnosis testing
compared by looking at their ability to provide useful information, their applicability to different project environments, and their inter-connections
Different types of quality assessment models and their relations
26. A program with high cyclometic complexity is almost likely to be:
Difficult to test
Not sub-type of Product specific models
Dynamic model
3. NOT white box test
Fuctional behavior
documentation" done by
Horizontal tracebility B. Depth tracebility
Which of the following functions is typically supported by a software quality information system?
I, III &IV
Which of the following functions is typically supported by a software quality information system? I. Record keeping
I, III &IV
information system
I, III &IV
41. Which is not a component of development process?
Inspection
Which QA alternative is better to identify conceptual problems?
Inspection
26. Big bang approach is related to
Integration testing
Big bang approach is related to
Integration testing
7. What type is testing to observe the external behaviors?
Interface test
17. What is true for "Equivalence partitioning" technique in Unit test?
It divides the test data into the equal parts / It helps to reduce the number of test cases
Which of the following is true of the V-model
It includes the verification of designs
18 Which of the following is true of the V-model?
It includes the verification of designs.
Which of the following is true of the V-model?
It includes the verification of designs.
What makes an inspection different from other review types?
It is led by a trained leader, uses formal
What makes an inspection different from other review types?
It is led by a trained leader, uses formal entry and exit criteria and checklists
What is a risk?
It is negative consequences that could occur
31 Which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification
It reduces defect multiplication.
Which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification early in the life cycle?
It reduces defect multiplication.
There are several important characteristics for this testing technique
It tests UO (inputloutput) relations by providing input values associated with all the individual input variables.The output variable values are not explicitly specified. But, we assume that there are ways to check if the expected output is obtained for any given input.
..., defined, sometimes, the correctness aspect of quality can be measured and derived directly from its definitions
Kan,2002
30. The principle of Cyclomatic complexity, considering L as edges or links, N as
L-N +2P
19 Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
LCSAJ
One Key reason why developers have difficulty testing their own work is
Lack of Objectivity
One Key reason why developers have difficulty testing their own work is:
Lack of Objectivity
For large software systems studied here, becausemany test runs involve little execution and much setup and manual operations, SRGMs fitted to execution time data do not perform well
Limited applicability of execution time
Other types of boundaries and extensions
Limits or boundaries associated ,The ideas can be used for capacity testing
33. Which test technique is used to focus on the correctness of web screens?
Link checking
testing techniques have been used for web testing and evaluation
Load testing,Usability testing focuses
defects and their causes. Which forms are Root cause analyses usually taken?
Logical & Statistical analysis
28. A software model that can?t be used in functional testing (2M)
Menu structure model
Risk relates to which of the follow
Negative consequences could occur
What is a NOT key feature of Cleanroom?
None of other items
Pareto chart is a sample of
One|way analysis
18. Bug life cycle (1M)
Open, Assigned, Fixed, Closed
Data of a project shows that defects of the type "standard convention" are duplicated in comparing with normal measurement.The cause is that customer has provided new coding convention but project manager did not plan to explain it for the team.To which cause category can the above problem be classified?
Oversight
Not a focus of defect prevention
Person who...
Not a focus of defect prevention
Person who...:">
Poor quality software
Poor software and poor testing
what is the ability of software to be transferred from one enviromment to another?
Portability
22. Responsible to identify the weakness in process and improment actions?
QA
19. What is Ad hoc testing called as?
Random testing
Not the responsibility of the leader in causal analysis meeting
Record
Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities
Regression testing
What is considered to decide checkpoint frequency of Recovery blocks?
Safety and cost
being measured, including software requirement specifications, designs, program code, test cases, related documents, and other softwareartifacts.
Sofhyare artifacts
14. Item can apply the inspection directly to detect and remove faults?
Software code,
...are not allowing duplicate transitions from one state to another
Static elements
The subset of static elements includes states and state transitions.
Static elements
four basic elements for FSMs
Static elements,Dynamic elements
ased on empirical evidence collected either locally or from other similar projects
Statistical analysis
The nodes for conditional definitions of certain data are called as
Storage node
40. NOT a step of Quality improvement paradigm (QIP)?
Strategy forming
as a Pareto chart, a histogram, or a run chart is
Stratification
Which of the following statements is correct?
Stress testing tools examine the behaviour
25. Who is/are NOT required participate to Operational profile?
Supporter
22. What do accident analyses NOT focus on?
System reliability
26. In which phase is performance testing executed?
System test
Which likely benefit most of the use of automation test tool ?
System test
Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of automation test tools?
System testing
18. What is NOT a generic method for information gathering and OP construction?
Test
Code Coverage is used as a measure of what
Test Effectiveness
Code Coverage is used as a measure of what?
Test Effectiveness
Boundary value testing
Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges
Boundary value testing
Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output
Boundary value testing
Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes
24 Which of these activities provides the biggest potential cost saving from
Test execution
which of these activities provides the biggest potential cost saving from the use of CAST?
Test execution
In prioritizing what to test, the most important objective is to:
Test high risk areas.
platoon of testers sitting around for days
Test managers faults only
What do you NOT need to create Test plan?
Test plan template
Test cases are designed during:
Test specification.
What is key feature of Cleanroom?
The Cleanroom approach combines math
Static analysis is best described as:
The analysis of program code.
"How much testing is enough?"
The answer depends on the risk for your industry
32. Which is not a test Oracle (2M)
The code
21 Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test?
To find faults in the software.
What is the purpose of test exit criteria in the test plan?
To specify when to stop the testing activity
33. Itemt can catche errors earlier?
Verification
Q4: What is NOT a relation of Partition-based testing?
[A] Coverage---[ANS]
Q4: Elimination the impacts of defects is the way of
[A] Defect Containment***
What is considered to decide checkpoint frequency of Recovery blocks?
[A]*****Safety and cost
Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
[A]****Interaction \/
Select conditions that you would recommend to stop testing:
[B] ***All other conditions
Q2: The list of items to test is called as
[B] Checklist---[ANS]
What is benefit of independent testing'
[D] ****Independent testers see other and different defects and are unbiased
A path segment, or simphy a segment, is
a subpart of a complete path where the first node may not be an entry node and
Load testing
a subset of stress (or performance) testing.
4. „be bugging? is known as
adding known defects by seeding
10. the purpose of exit criteria is (2m)
all of the above
What statement about expected outcomes is FALSE:
are defined by the software's behavior
failure prevention and containment activities, such as fault tolerance and safety assurance,
are typically the focus of operational phases
19. a type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages.
big-bang testing
18. using the same code example as question 17,how many tests are required to achieve 100% branch/decision coverage?
c. 3
10. What are the test points according the EPC for integer input sub
domain, 0 <=x<200? | |1, 0, 100, 199, 200
several special features to Gilb inspection
he input to the overall inspection,The output from the overall inspection,The inspection process forms
Consider the following statements
i and v are true, ii, iii and iv are false
12. which of the following is a requirement of an effective software environment? i. ease of use
i, ii &iii
36. system test can begin when?
i, ii and iii
First, we need to establisha predictive relationship between project metrics and actual product defects based on historical data
identification is to use predictive modeling to focus on the high-risk areas
In the above prediction, the focus is on the high-risk or the potentially high-defect modules or components
identification is to use predictive modeling to focus on the high-risk areas
15. Which of the following is true?
if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of
5. what is the main purpose of informal review (2m)
inexpensive way to get some benefit
12. What does is correspond in FSMs when we start a web browser?
initial state
The vast majority of faults are
injected in the early development phases, particularly in detailed design and implementation phases
FSM-modeled systems
input and output are associated with individual transitions instead of as an indistinguishable lump of initial input for many other systems
The input domain consists of all the points representing all the allowable
input com-binations specified for the program in the product specification.
The key to path sensitization
is the decision or branching nodes and the associated conditions
Which of the following is NOT true of test coverage criteria?
is the percentage of faults found.
16. which of the following is the standard for the software product quality (1m)
iso 1926
If a sub-domain whose boundaries are all linear one
it is called a linear sub-domain
what is a risk
it is negative consequences that could occur
4. What is the definition of Beta testing?
it is performed by customer at their own site
39. What is the trigger of a risk?
it is the condition when the risk occurs
what is the trigger of a risk
it is the condition when the risk occurs
what is an operation profile
it is white-box testing
31) which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification early in the life cycle?
it reduces defect multiplication.
31. which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification early in the life cycle?
it reduces defect multiplication.
what are intermediate nodes in DDG
neither input nor output nodes
problem like forgot PC password, can be dealed by...
none of above
28 Test managers should not:
re-allocate resource to meet original plans
Which is not true-The black box tester
should be able to understand the source code
In most of these formal methods, software development and verification work... in developing high-quality software products or component
side-by-side
Top access report (TAR)
that lists frequently accessed (individual) services or web pages together with their access counts
If the boundary is an open boundary with respect to the sub-domain under consideration
the OFF point will be inside the sub-domain or be an interior point
If the boundary is a closed boundary with respect to the sub-domain under consideration
the OFF point will be outside the sub-domain or be an exterior point.
What is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use
the objective of the test
What is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
the objective of the test
Usage-based statistical testing, where
the operational environment by target users is simulated during software testing before product release
38. What is not an obstacle to formal methods?
the popularity
If a sub-domain whose boundaries are all linear ones, it is called a nonlinear sub-domain
true
in traditional menu-driven software
usually a single top menu that serves as the entry point;
9) given the following sets of test management terms (v-z), and activity descriptions (1-5), which one of the following best pairs the two sets? v - test control w - test monitoring x - test estimation y - incident management z - configuration control
v-3,w-4,x-1,y-5,z-2
59. What is not to identify in Defect causal analysis?
validation
In system testing...
.. Both functional and non-functional requirements are to be tested
21. "x? has given a data on a person age, which should be between 1 to 99 using
0, 1, 99, 100
21. „X? has given a data on a person age, which should be between 1 to 99. Using
0, 1, 99, 100
In a flight reservation system, the number of available seats in each plane model is an input.
0, 1, capacity, capacity plus 1
construct FSMs and validate them in the following steps
1.Information source ,2.Construction of initial FSMs
5 Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and
10000, 50000, 9999
Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive.
10000, 50000, 99999
Order numbers on a stock control system can range between 10000 and 99999 inclusive. Which of the following inputs might be a result of designing tests for only valid equivalence classes and valid boundaries:
10000, 50000, 99999
1. An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2010 ...
1899, 1900, 1901, 2009, 2010, 2011.
An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004
1899,1900,2004,2005
An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004. The boundary values for testing this field
1900,2004
An input field takes the years of birth between 1900 and 2009. The boundary value for testing this field are :
1900,2009
37. How many steps does the process of formal verification include?
2
How many decisions should be tested in this code in order to achieve 100% decision coverage?
2
How many steps does the process of Formal verification include?
2
In CMM, level... said about project management processes
2
how many steps does the process of formal verification include
2
14 Given the following code, which is true:
2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
Given the following code, which is true:
2 tests for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
Using the same code example as question 17,how many tests are required to achieve 100% branch/decision coverage
3
defect prevention is requested by which level of CMM
3
in how many generic ways can defect containment be done?
3
29. A program validates a numeric field as follows:
3,10,22
29. a program validates a numeric field as follows: values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?
3,10,22
A program validates a numeric field as follows values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected
3,10,22
A program validates a numeric field as follows:
3,10,22
A program validates a numeric field as follows: values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are accepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected
3,10,22
in CMM, level... said about product and process quality
4
A measurement tool that shows statistically-determined upper and lower limits is
A control chart
A non-measurable aspect of customer service is
A customer?s anxiet y level
A domain partition, or input domain partition, is a partition of the input domain into a number of sub-domains
A domain partition, or input domain partition, is a partition of the input domain into a number of sub-domains
15 Which of the following is false?
A fault need not affect the reliability of a system.
Which of the following statements contains a valid goal for a functional test set?
A goal is to find as many failures as possible
Which of the following use Scatter diagram
All
55. What should be included in the minutes of Casual analysis & Resolution meeting?
All other items (preventive actions, the description of problems, root causes of the problems)
3. Which is a step of Extreme Point Combination (EPC) strategy?
All other steps
no such file or directory
B
7. Which one is more meaningful to customer and user:
B. Reliability
27. Cause effect graphing is related to the standard
BS 7925/2
35 The standard that gives definitions of testing terms is:
BS7925-1
The standard that gives definitions of testing terms is:
BS7925-1
22.which of the following is the component test standard?
BS7925-2
which of the following is the component test standard
BS7925-2
Which of the following is correct about static analysis tools?
Compilers may offer some support for static analysis
of generalized quality models to provide better quality estimates when product-specific information is available.
Customizution
Not a white box technique
Data flow
file does not exist
E
8. NOT software quality characteristic?
Environment
Secondary data differs from primary data in that it is more expensive
False
28. Which is not a technique of Defect Reduction?
Fault Tolerance
42. Which technique is the Recovery?
Fault Tolerance
What is NOT an analysis technique for Defect prevention?
Fault tolerance
Which QA alternative is not effectively for software code?
Fault tolerance
from a developer's or internal perspective,such as defect density and count estimates for latent defects.
Fault-related quality assessments
23 which of the following statements are true?
Faults in requirements are the most expensive to fix
which of the following statements are true
Faults in requirements are the most expensive to fix
which of the following statements are true?
Faults in requirements are the most expensive to fix
of product-specific models when enough empirical evidence from different products or projects is accumulated.
Generalization
„Entry criteria? should address questions such as
I, II and IV
a deterministic analysis that examinesthe logical link between the effects and the corresponding causes, and establishes general causal relations
Logical analysis
ue to the size and other factors, as follows
Massive user population,
If a boundary is missing, that means the two neighboring sub-domains will collapse into one subdomain
Missing boundary
22. Which is not the fundamental test process (1M)
None
CMM and CMMI are samples of sub categories?
Overall models
There are two major types of pre-QA activities in quality planning
Set specific quality goals && Form an overall QA strategy, which includes two sub-activities
13. Include in quality planing?
Setting qualit goals and forming a QA strategy
pre-QA quality planning includes setting quality goals and forming a QA strategy
Setting quality goals & In forming a QA strategy
2. Attribute determine the impact
Severity
20. What are Static elements?
States and state transitions
a probabilistic analysis that examines the statistical link between causes and effects and deduces the probable causal relations between the two
Statistical analysis
A key practice of Cleanroom is
Statistical based testing to evaluate software ..
"How much testing is enough?"
The answer depends on the risk for your industry, contract and special requirements
previous release or waterfalllike development phases in the current release.
The development phase when the defect was injected
can be either the observed failures or discovered (or fixed) faults, and the corresponding causes are the faults that caused the failures or the errors that caused the injection of the faults, respectively
The effects in the defect causal analysis
9. Which of the following characteristics is primarily associated with software reusability
The extent to which the software can be used in other applications
Which of the following characteristics is primarily associated with software reusability?
The extent to which the software can be used in other applications
What is used to measure the effectiveness of inspections?
The number and severity of defects found by inspection
Lost profits are
The number of customers lost, times their average revenue value, times your profit margin
23. NOT reson why we test software
To violate development team
Maintenance testing is:
Triggered by modifications, migration or retirement of existing
Maintenance testing is:
Triggered by modifications, migration or retirement of existing software
The value of focus groups improves if run by an outside facilitator
True
Likely to benefit most from user of auto test tool
Unit,System
Place to start if to want to test tool
Your requirement
17 How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
a & b
17) how would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
a & b
17. how would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
a & b
How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required
a & b
How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
a & b
A point on a boundary is called
a boundary point
13. a measurement tool that looks like a skeleton of a fish is:
a cause-and-effect diagram
29. a test harness is a
a test environment comprised of stubs and drives needed to conduct a test
30) what is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?
a walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained moderator.
30. what is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?
a walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained moderator.
19 Which of the following is NOT a type of non-functional test?
a. State-Transition
9. a test design technique is
a. a process for selecting test cases
27. which of the following is a static test?
a. code inspection
24. which of the following is not the integration strategy?
a. design based
10. testware(test cases, test dataset)
a. needs configuration management just like requirements, design and code
12. increasing the quality of the software, by better development methods, will affect the time needed for testing (the test phases) by:
a. reducing test time
19. which of the following is not a type of non-functional test?
a. state-transition
6.in which order should tests be run?
a. the most important tests first
9.fault masking is
a.error condition hiding another error condition
18.statement coverage will not check for the following.
a.missing statements
15. acceptance test cases are based on what?
a.requirements
17. a common test technique during component test is
a.statement and branch testing
what is the deinition of a linear boundary?
a1.x1 + a2.x2 +...+ an.xn = K
A boundary is a linear boundary if it is defined by
a1x1+ a2x2+...+anxn = K
25. contract and regulation testing is a part of (2m)
acceptance testing
2. What should the accidence analysis focus on?
accident scenario and damage areas
20. in constructing questions for a survey:
address each question to only one thought
verification checks the conformance of software product implementation
against its specifications to see if it is implemented correctly
5. when reporting faults found to developers, testers should be:
all of the above
6. customers can help to implement your customer service program by:
all of the above
what is purpose of brainstorming using
all other cases
21. What is the target of Defect distribution analysis?
all other items
fault tolerance focuses on
all other items
Defect information can be used
as additional input
1.Software testing activities should start
as soon as possible in the development life cycle
information processing model
assumed to be a simple classify-and-process one
30. using the same specifications as question 29, which of the following covers the most boundary values?
b. 9,10,21,22
25. which of the following is a black box design technique?
b. equivalence partitioning
21. which of the following is not a standard related to testing?
b. ieee610
15. which of the following is true?
b. if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
13. coverage measurement
b. is a partial measure of test thoroughness
2.faults found by users are due to:
b. poor software and poor testing
8. which is not true-the black box tester
b. should be able to understand the source code.
16. what is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
b. the objective of the test
13.given the following program if x < y then statement 1; else if y >= z then statement 2; end mccabe's cyclomatic complexity is :
b.3
6.to test a function, the programmer has to write a function to be tested and passes it test data.
b.driver
12.in a review meeting a moderator is a person who
b.mediates between people
4.incorrect form of logic coverage is:
b.pole coverage
7.boundary value testing
b.test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output
53. When is Usage
based statistical testing applied? | Large systems
22. When can Checklist
based testing be stopped? | Every item on the checklist tested and passed
6. What is NOT a relation of Partition
based testing? | Coverage
48. What is not the strategy of defect
based testing? | Execution|based testing
30. What is limitation of checklist
based testing? | It needs additional information for re|test
11. What is Equivalent class in Partition
based testing? | subsets in a partition
when is effort of QA activities peak?
before releases
22. finding a company that is best at something and comparing your efforts in the same area to theirs defines:
benchmarking
38. Which activity is not verification?
beta test
future product quality improvement defines...
better quality planning can be formulated based on the experience of the current project, both in terms of goal setting and the selection of the overall QA strategies
A point on a boundary is called a...
boundary point
17. if the pseudocode below were a programming language ,how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage? 1. if x=3 then 2. display_messagex; 3. if y=2 then 4. display_messagey; 5. else 6. display_messagez; 7. else 8. display_messagez;
c. 3
29. a program validates a numeric field as follows:values less than 10 are rejected, values between 10 and 21 are acepted, values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected which of the following input values cover all of the equivalence partitions?
c. 3,10,22
20. which of the following tools would you use to detect a memory leak?
c. dynamic analysis
23. which of the following statements are true?
c. faults in requirements are the most expensive to fix
11. an incident logging system
c. is a valuable source of project information during testing if it contains all incidents
7. the later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. why?
c. the fault has been built into more documentation,code,tests, etc
4. which of the following statements is not true
c. verification activities should not involve testers (reviews, inspections etc)
5. when reporting faults found to developers, testers should be:
d. all of the above
1.software testing activities should start
d. as soon as possible in the development life cycle
22.which of the following is the component test standard?
d. bs7925-2
26. a program with high cyclometic complexity is almost likely to be:
d. difficult to test
28. which of the following is the odd one out?
d. functional
3.what is the main reason for testing software before releasing it?
d. to give information for a risk based decision about release
2.which one of the following are non-functional testing methods?
d.both b & c
19.independent verification & validation is
d.done by an entity outside the project's sphere of influence
10.one key reason why developers have difficulty testing their own work is :
d.lack of objectivity
Data dejinition through
data creation, initialization, assignment, all explicitly, or sometimes through side effects
17. which is not the testing objectives (1m)
debugging defects
there must be some loop control to make the looping...
decision
Different defect handling processes may include
different collections of defect status and other possible attributes.
different quality analyses and models might require data at
different levels of granularity
integration testing plays a very important role, to make sure that
different parts can inter-operate seamlessly to fulfill the intended functionalities correctly together
26. a program with high cyclometic complexity is almost likely to be:
difficult to test
28. How many test cases are needed for n
dimensional Extreme point combinations (EPC)? | 4n1
the correctness aspect of quality can be measured and derived ___ from its definitions
directly
the correctness aspect of quality can often be ____ derived from its definition or related to various defect measurements.
directly
people quality improvement defines...
domain knowledge of the specific product, software process and technology experience, and quality engineering knowledge
18. What is not correct about Effort profile in Waterfall development process?
dominance of quality planning before product release
Independent Verification & Validation is
done by an Entity outside the Project's sphere of influence
Independent Verification & Validation is
done by an Entity outside the Project?s sphere of influence
including defect prevention and defect reduction, are performed
during software development instead of during in-field software support after
Most of the implementation activities need to be carried out
during software development, not after product release...
20. which of the following tools would you use to detect a memory leak?
dynamic analysis
...form some special types of equivalence classes
dynamic elements
which is not sub-type of product-specific models
dynamic model
what is not a basic element of FSMs mapping to web-based applications?
each state or transition represents an individual operation
1) we split testing into distinct stages primarily because:
each test stage has a different purpose.
1. we split testing into distinct stages primarily because:
each test stage has a different purpose.
An important benefit of code inspections is that they
enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is ready
28) An important benefit of code inspections is that they:
enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is ready.
28. an important benefit of code inspections is that they:
enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is ready.
Focus of CFT:
execution path
40 A configuration management system would NOT normally provide:
facilities to compare test results with expected results.
40) a configuration management system would not normally provide:
facilities to compare test results with expected results.
40. a configuration management system would not normally provide:
facilities to compare test results with expected results.
problem like accidents and related hazards, can be dealed by...
failure containment
The focus is not on the discovery of underlying faults that cause
failures and possible accidents
Test case sensitization for FSM-based testing is
fairly easy and straightforward
17. if your product or service meets all your internal requirements, you can be confident
false
18. secondary data differs from primary data in that it is more expensive.
false
A node that is neither a decision node nor a junction node is called a inlink
false
How? is an important extension to the "when" question, of defect definition
false
It is common to have quite uneven distribution of usage probabilities, with a
few frequently used ones account for most of the usage frequencies
36. What does it correspond in FSMs when we stop a web browser?
final state
Which of the following is the odd one out
functiona
28. Which of the following is the odd one out?
functional
28. which of the following is the odd one out?
functional
Which of the following is the odd one out?
functional
what is another name of black-box-testing?
functional testing
9. There is a defect: the system design does not allow to enhance a function. Which characteristic is this defect?
functionality
the specific variations of domain testing depend on
how this third step is carried out
35. What is the limitation of Boundary testing?
how to check the ouput
what is the limitation of boundary testing?
how to check the output
11 Consider the following statements
i and v are true, ii, iii and iv are false
this established predictive relation is used to predict potential defects for the new project or new product release once the project metrics data become available, but before actual defects are observed in the new project or product release
identification is to use predictive modeling to focus on the high-risk areas
6. purpose of test design technique is (1m)
identifying test conditions and identifying test cases
21. which of the following is not a standard related to testing?
ieee610
Which of the following is true?
if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be
15. which of the following is true?
if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
Which of the following is true
if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
Which of the following is true?
if u find a lot of bugs in testing, you should not be very confident about the quality of software
Testing needs to be performed
in accordance with the OPs
each operation corresponds to an individual sub-domain
in domain partitions, thus representing a whole equivalence class
23) which of the following would not normally form part of a test plan?
incident reports
23. which of the following would not normally form part of a test plan?
incident reports
11) which of the following is false?
incidents should always be fixed.
Web-based applications typically
involve much more diverse support facilities than traditional menu-driven software
13. Coverage measurement
is a partial measure of test thoroughness
13. coverage measurement
is a partial measure of test thoroughness
Coverage measurement
is a partial measure of test thoroughness
which tool supports testing of multi-network types strongly?
jmetter
State problems
missing, extra, or incorrect states
Transition problems
missing, extra, or incorrect transitions;
34. stochastic testing using statistical information or operational profiles uses the following method (3m)
model based testing approach
39. The following is true of the V
model?| It includes the verification and validation
if operations associated with one particular sub-domain are used... often than others, each underlying defect related to this sub-domain is also... likely to cause.. problems to users than problems associated with other sub-domain
more more more
DFT is
more often white-box than black-box
27 Expected results are:
most useful when specified in advance
Expected results are:
most useful when specified in advance
22. which is not the fundamental test process (1m)
non
system testing should investigate (2m)
non-functional requirements and functional requirements
pareto chart is a sample of
one-way analysis
In the Jelinski-Moranda model(Jelinski and Moranda, 1972), one of the earliest and most widely used models, chance of failure for unit time
proportional
7. gaps between customers and providers are based primarily on:
provider and customer perception differences
Software fault tolerance, which focuses on
providing continued service expected by customers even when local problems exist
Software safety assurance activities, which focus on
providing the expected accidentfree operations or reducing accident damage when an accident is unavoidable
43. Which activities need more effort right after product release?
quality assurance
19. qualitative research differs from quantitative research in that:
quantitative research uses a predetermined standard
Functional (black-box) checklists at different levels of abstraction and granularity,
ranging from major high-level functions ...
The difference between re-testing and regression testing is
re-testing is running a test again
26 The difference between re-testing and regression testing is
re-testing is running a test again; regression testing looks for unexpected side
Traditional menu-driven software usually
separates its navigation from its computation; while the two are tightly mingled for web-based applications
37. Assess current product reliabiility and to determine if determine if the pre
set reliability goal has| Reliability analysis
8. Which is not true-The black box tester
should be able to understand the source code.
8. which is not true-the black box tester
should be able to understand the source code.
Which is not true-The black box tester
should be able to understand the source code.
21. How should the testers handle to report found defects to developers?
show be polite, constructive and helpful possible
The general distribution scope is
shown by the dotted bracket, with a focus on defect prevention in the early phases, a focus on defect removal during coding and testing phases...
The basic idea for identifying missing states or transitions is
similar to checklist- and partition-based testing. For example, a checklist based on produ
We organize these inspection techniques and processes along two dimensions
size and scope of the inspection,formality of the inspection.
2. from the below given choices, which one is the „confidence testing?
smoke testing
25) which of the following is not a white box technique?
state transition testing
25. which of the following is not a white box technique?
state transition testing
these empirical data can be fed to various models to establish probable predictive relations between causes and effects is about
statistical analysis
12. a measurement tool that breaks up data into discrete categories, which can be drawn as a pareto chart, a histogram, or a run chart is:
stratification
In prioritising what to test, the most important objective is to
test high risk areasWhich one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true | End-users should be involved in system tests
35. one of the more daunting challenges of managing a test project is that so many dependencies converge at test execution. one missing configuration file or hard ware device can render all your test results meaning less. you can end up with an entire platoon of testers sitting around for days.
test managers faults only
3 IEEE 829 test plan documentation standard contains all of the following
test specification
IEEE 829 test plan documentation standard contains all of the following except:
test specification
The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. why?
the fault has been built into more documentation, code, tests, etc
7. The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to
the fault has been built into more documentation,code,tests, etc
7. the later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. why?
the fault has been built into more documentation,code,tests, etc
The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. why
the fault has been built into more documentation,code,tests, etc
The hierarchical structure of UMMs gives us
the flexibility to improve test efficienc
The satisfactory conformance of these specifications, designs, and rules is
the focus of various verification activities
Productivity improvement and schedule gains could be achieved because of
the focus on high-leverage parts with the use of OPs
Validation checks the conformance to quality expectations of customers and users in
the form of whether the expected functions or features are present or not
Process quality improvement defines...
the former can be based on the experience with carrying out the current quality engineering process, while the latter would also benefit greatly from alternative ex-perience using other development processes to develop similar products
The most commonly used form of multiple checklists is
the hierarchical checklist
such constructed DDGs is
the identification of variables in specifications or implementations
defect reduction is typically concentrated in
the middle to late phases of software developmen
When we are checking non-behavioral specifications, non-conformance indicates
the presence of faults or errors
information for the FSMs is
the probabilities associated with different state transitions that satisfy
26. data flow analysis studies:
the use of data on paths through the code.
Many specific QA activities deal with both
the verification and the validation aspects.
what is data flow testing?
the verification of correct handling of data..
The basic idea of data flow testing (DFT) is
to test the correct handling of data
Testing results can be analyzed to assess product reliability and provide feedback
to the testing and the general software development process
33 Which of the following is NOT part of system testing:
top-down integration testing
Which of the following is NOT part of system testing:
top-down integration testing
21. the value of focus groups improves if run by an outside facilitator.
true
Better coverage because a partition is collectively exhaustive, and better efficiency because of the use of mutually exclusive partitions
true
Each stage or list or unique, that is, no stage or list is a repetition of another
true
The basic idea of FSMs
use an intermediate formalism to model the program exe-cution or behavior that strikes
Expected results described in test cases are
used for input-output relation
When a function or feature expected by the customers is present, the activity to determine
whether it performs or behaves expectedly is then a verification activity
A deviation from the specification is either a fault or a failure, depending on
whether the behavior is specified or other software related entities are specific
The use of OPs can help develop more precise product requirements and specifications,
which are more likely to satisfy customers' needs
Call pair report (CPR)
which lists call pairs (transition from one individual service to another) and the associated frequency.
Defect tracking
which monitors and records what happened to each defect after its initial discovery, up until its final resolution
Most of such cases indicate problems in the product pecification or in the implementation
which result in different output for the same input or the system behaves incorrectly
4. it is often possible to improve customer service quality:
while also realizing cost savings and increased profitability
27. in a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: an employee has £4000 of salary tax free. the next £1500 is taxed at 10% the next £28000 is taxed at 22% any further amount is taxed at 40% to the nearest whole pound, which of these is a valid boundary value analysis test case?
£33501
Any further amount is taxed at 40%
£33501
In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10% The next £28000 is taxed at 22% Any further amount is taxed at 40% To the nearest whole pound, which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case
£33501
In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
£33501
14. Why is defect measurement important in quality assurance?
All other items
17. What is a step of domain testing?
All other items
3. What is an OFF point of boundary?
All other items
35. Which of the following items is counted to indirect cost for QA activities?
All other items
CMMI is useful for a software company to identify
All other items
Fault tolerance focuses on
All other items
Quality assessment models are used to
All other items
What can be leaded if the Basic knowledge is lacked?
All other items
What is/are main components of Cleanroom development process
All other items
11. Which is not the project risks (2M)
Error-prone software delivered
should be to
Establish a relationship with the customer
17 When a new testing tool is purchased, it should be used first by:
Everyone who may eventually have some use for the tool
When a new testing tool is purchased, it should be used first by:
Everyone who may eventually have some use for the tool
What is the problems of testing for loop ?
Execute too many test case
32. What is the focus of CFT?
Execution path
4. What is the focus of CFT?
Execution path
Focus of CFT:
Execution path
What is focus of CFT ?
Execution path
20. Which is not a testing principle (2M)
Exhaustive testing
31. What is not mandatory in a path of CFG?
Exit node
Test charters are used in ________ testing
Exploratory testing B. Usability testing
12. What is a point not in domain and not on boundary called as?
Exterior point
37. Maintenance releases and technical assistance centers are examples of which of
External failure
With extra boundary, more ON points would enhance the possibility that the extra boundary
Extra boundaly
boundary problems are considered below
Extra boundaly,Boundaly tilt and other boundary changes
invalid method in request
F
...possess some flexibility in the level of details that can be modeled by the number of states
FSMS
A configuration management system would NOT normally provide:
Facilities to compare test results with expected results.
... activity can be event driven as well, such as when triggered by some system anomalies
Failure detection
Faults found by users are due to:
Poor software and poor testing
Which one is more meaningful to
Reliability
Which one is more meaningful to customer and user
Reliability
Which one is more meaningful to customer and user:
Reliability // randomly.
Acceptance test cases are based on what?
Requirement
Acceptance test cases are based on what
Requirements
A common test technique during component test is
Statement and branch testing
Which of the following is true?
Testing is a part of quality assurance
Expert based test estimation is also known as
Wide band Delphi
Expected results described in test cases are
[A] ***used for input-output relation
Q3: How many steps does the process of Formal verification include?
[A] 2***
Q3: Which activity is Validation?
[A] Code review***
22. which of the following is a form of functional testing?
boundary value analysis
1. What is NOT a type of informal inspection?
brainstorming
27. arc testing is known as (2m)
branch testing
27. cause effect graphing is related to the standard
bs 7925/2
22.which of the following is the component test standard?
bs7925-2
what is not an analysis technique for defect prevention
fault tolerance
which QA alternative is selected for defect containment?
fault tolerance
1. testing will be performed by the people at client own locations (1m)
field testing
what does it correspond in FSMs when we start a web browser?
final state
Usability testing
focuses on the ease-of-use issues of different web designs, overal
what is the issue of the testing
only show the presence of defects, not their absence
if testing time is limited, we should
only test high risk areas
18. bug life cycle (1m)
open, assigned, fixed, close
22 The main focus of acceptance testing is:
testing for a business perspective
The main focus of acceptance testing is:
testing for a business perspective
Why is testing necessary?
testing measures the quality of
52. How many major parts and chapters are organized in the book "Software Quality Testing"?
4 and 22
Which factors are to determine the quality & success of software projects?
All other items
Which is a common Cause category?
All other items
Which software products can be inspected?
All other items
Typical commercial test execution tool would be able to perform
Generating expected output
47. Which of the following do NOT use Scatter diagram?
48. What is not a risk of automation testing? | the test result is not correct
23. Which level of CMM does request Defect prevention?
5
Defect prevention is requested by which level of CMM?
5
X,Y,Z IS INTEGER
5
continual process omprovement
5 optimized
8. Find the Min number of tests to ensure that each statement is executed at least
6
8. find the min number of tests to ensure that each statement is executed at least once
6
How many steps are there in Fagan inspection model?
6
Minimal number of test case to test determine loop
7
What is the minimal number of test case to test a deterministic loop?
7
57. On how many quality assessment management principles is ISO 9001:2000 based?
8
On how many quality management principles is ISO 9001-2000 based
8
which organization has iniially developed the model orthogonal defect classification (ODC)?
IBM
use data from repeated random sampling to analyze product reliability
IDRMs
19. The execution of a test case sequence for a system requires continuous operation. What is it called as?
"test run"
Which of the following can be root cause of a bug in a software product?
(I) through (IV) are correct
23. you are the test manager and you are about the start the system testing. the developer team says that due to change in requirements they will be able to deliver the system to you for testing 5 working days after the due dat
) what steps you will take to be able to finish the testing in tim
If the pseudocode below were a programming language ,how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage
3
In CMM, level... said about engineering process and organizational support
3
Individual inspection is performed by each inspector, with attention focused on possible defects and question areas, is step.. of Fagan inspection
3
In a flight reservation system, the number of available seats in each plane model is an input. A plane may have any positive number of available seats, up to the given capacity of the plane. Using Boundary Value analysis, a list of available - seat values were generated. Which of the following lists is correct?
0, 1, capacity, capacity plus 1
12 Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test
1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
13 Given the following:
1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
Given the code which is true about the minimum Huber of test cases requirement for full statement and branch coverage?
1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
Given the following code, which is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage:
1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
Given the following:
1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
How many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? Assume that the two conditions are independent of each other
4 Test Cases
10. How many major part and chapters are
4 and 22
31. A program validates a numeric field as follows: "values less than 20 are rejected, ...
20, 25, 30
What is NOT a quality management principle of ISO 9001
2000? | Product standard
17. If the pseudocode below were a programming language ,how many tests are required to
3
17. if the pseudocode below were a programming language ,how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage? 1. if x=3 then 2. display_messagex; 3. if y=2 then 4. display_messagey; 5. else 6. display_messagez; 7. else 8. display_messagez;
3
18. Using the same code example as question 17,how many tests are required to achieve
3
18. using the same code example as question 17,how many tests are required to achieve 100% branch/decision coverage?
3
5) analyse the following highly simplified procedure: ask: "what type of ticket do you require, single or return?" if the customer wants „return? ask: "what rate, standard or cheap-day?" if the customer replies „cheap-day? say: "that will be £11:20" else say: "that will be £19:50" endif else say: "that will be £9:75" endif now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all replies given.
3
5. analyse the following highly simplified procedure: ask: "what type of ticket do you require, single or return?" if the customer wants „return? ask: "what rate, standard or cheap-day?" if the customer replies „cheap-day? say: "that will be £11:20" else say: "that will be £19:50" endif else say: "that will be £9:75"endif now decide the minimum number of tests that are needed to ensure that all the questions have been asked, all combinations have occurred and all replies given.
3
Analyse the following highly simplified procedure
3
Analyze the following highly simplified procedure:
3
Analyze the following highly simplified procedure: Ask: "What type of ticket do you require, single or return?"
3
Defect prevention is request by which level of CMM
3
Defect prevention is requested by which level of CMM?
3
Given the Following program IF X < Y THEN Statement 1; ELSE IF Y >= Z THEN Statement 2; END
3
If the pseudo code below were a programming language, how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage?
3
If the pseudo code below were a programming language, how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage? 1. If x=3 then
3
30. Using the same specifications as question 29, which of the following covers the MOST
9,10,21,22
30. using the same specifications as question 29, which of the following covers the most boundary values?
9,10,21,22
Using the same specifications as question 29, which of the following covers the MOST boundary values
9,10,21,22
Using the same specifications as question 29, which of the following covers the MOST boundary values?
9,10,21,22
permission denied
A
if all the boundary points belong to the sub-domain
A boundary is a closed one with respect to a specific sub-domain
if none of the boundary points belong to the sub-domain
A boundary is an open one with respect to a specific sub-domain
A measurement tool that looks like a skeleton of a fish is
A cause-and-effect diagram
Which of the following statements contains a valid goal for a functional test set?
A goal is to find as many failures as possible so that the cause of the failures can be identified and fixed
Which of the following is NOT true of test coverage criteria
A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found
7 Which of the following is NOT true of test coverage criteria?
A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found.
Which of the following is NOT true of test coverage criteria?
A measure of test coverage criteria is the percentage of faults found.
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage
3 Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage will generally
Which of the following statements is NOT correct
A minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% branch coverage
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% branch coverage.
Transition problems : missing, extra, or incorrect transitions
A missing transition is one,An extra transition is associated,An incorrect transition is a transition
A junction node is :
A node associated with multiple inlink
A branching node is :
A node associated with multiple outlink
rincipal component analysis and discriminant analysis
A preliminary survey ofthese risk identification techniques and their comparison can be found in Tian (2000)
traditional statistical analysis techniques
A preliminary survey ofthese risk identification techniques and their comparison can be found in Tian (2000)
following pairs
A product distributed to several sites A product with a single user
A measurement tool that is a collection of data points, plotted on a graph according to time is
A run chart
V-Model is:
A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with
33. Which element of FSMs is each web page in Web testing?
A state
which of the following is false?
A system is necessarily more reliable after debugging
Which of the following is false
A system is necessarily more reliable after debugging for the removal of a fault
which of the following is false?
A system is necessarily more reliable after debugging for the removal of a fault.
29. A test harness is a
A test environment comprised of stubs and drives needed to conduct a test
A test harness is a
A test environment comprised of stubs and drives needed to conduct a test
What is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection
A walk-through is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by trained moderator
30 What is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?
A walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a
What is the main difference between a walkthrough and an inspection
A walkthrough is lead by the author, whilst an inspection is lead by a trained moderator
2. A branching node is :
A. A node associated with multiple outlink
6. Which relation is used mostly in DDA
A. D-U
10. What is NOT an activity cause analysis :
A. Identify the common defect
When reporting faults found to developers, testers should be
All of the above
When reporting faults found to developers, testers should be:
All of the above
What is the purpose of Brainstorming using?
All other cases
What is NOT requested in a test case?
Acceptance criteria
25. Contract and regulation testing is a part of (2M)
Acceptance testing
49. Which is not true about Acceptance testing?
Acceptance testing is only performed by customers
of analysis results can be measured by the difference (error) between predicted and actual results
Accuracy
_____ directly measure specific software development and maintenance activities and the associated effort, time, and other resources.
Activity measurements
'Be bugging' is known as
Adding known defects by seeding
4. „Be bugging? is known as
Adding known defects by seeding
„Be bugging? is known as
Adding known defects by seeding
In constructing questions for a survey
Address each question to only one thought
40 Error guessing is best used
After more formal techniques have been applied
Error guessing is best used
After more formal techniques have been applied
Who should be involved in determining risk management
All
Who should involved in determining risk management:
All
Which of the following project inputs influence testing?
All alternatives are correct
Which of the following use Scatter diagram :
All of above
10. The purpose of exit criteria is (2M)
All of the above
5. When reporting faults found to developers, testers should be
All of the above
Customers can help to implement your customer service program by
All of the above
9. ________________ testing is performed at the developing organization?s site
Alpha testing
State problems: missing, extra, or incorrect states:
An incorrect state is one,A missing state,Extra state may be related
9. What does the clicking of a link in an web page correspond in FSMs?
An input
help both developers and testers to detect and remove potential defects, and help other project personnel to improve the development process, to prevent injection of similar defects, and to manage risk better by planning early for product support and services
Analyses ofdiscovered defects and related information
The place to start if you want a (new) test tool is:
Analyze your needs and requirements
respondentsRegarding statistical analysis
Applying the analysis is the final step
Why is it necessary to define a Test Strategy?
As there are many different ways to test software, thought
Why is it necessary to define a Test Strategy?
As there are many different ways to test software, thought must be given to decide what will be the most effective way to test the project on hand.
To know what the customer needs, wants, and expects, you should
Ask the customer
usually result for a single set of web-based applications using the above approach
At the top level, TAR can be used directly as our, Entries in TAR can be grouped according , The hierarchical nature of our UMMs will allow
22. Which of the following is not true about Automation Testing?
Automation Testing five feedback lately
also has a significant influence on the practical applications of specific techniques
Availability of tool support
Mitigating of a risk is planned to
Avoid the occurrence of the risk
Mitigation actions of a risk are planned to
Avoid the occurrence of the risk
The most important thing about early test design is that it,
Can prevent fault multiplication.
For DFT, test preparation includes the following steps:
Build and verify the DDGs>Define and select data slices to cover>Sensitize the data slices or the test>Plan for result checking
13. Which is NOT the way for FSM testing?
Build separate state
8. Use cases can be performed to test (2M)
Business scenarios
which of the following is the component test standard?
BS7925-2
Not parameter of queuing test
Batching
Which is not parameter of queuing testing?
Batching
Why can be tester dependent on configuration management?
Because configuration management assures that we know the exact version of the
Timely defect reporting
Because defect measurements are used to monitor and control software projects, we must ensure timely defect reporting to keep the information current
Why does the boundary value analysis provide good test cases?
Because errors are frequently made during programming of the different cases near the „edges? of the range of values
Why is incremental integration preferred over "big bang" integration?
Because incremental integration has better early defects screening and isolation ability
Why is testing necessary?
Because testing measures the quality of the software system and helps to increase the quality
Finding a company that is best at something and comparing your efforts in the same area to theirs defines
Benchmarking
The main advantages of such integrations include:
Benefit enhancement,increased flexibility
5. Tested by integration testing in the small?
Between modules or subsystem
A type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages.
Big-Bang Testing
stages
Big-Bang Testing
Not correct about DFT construction
Black box is used more
Which one of the following are non-functional testing methods
Both b & c
In system testing...
Both functional and non-functional
When boundary tilt or general boundary change is concerned
Boundaly tilt and other boundary changes
problem refers to the disagreement with where exactly a boundary is between the intended and the actual boundary
Boundary shift
22 Which of the following is a form of functional testing?
Boundary value analysis
Which of the following is a form of functional testing
Boundary value analysis
Which of the following is a form of functional testing?
Boundary value analysis
27. Arc testing is known as (2M)
Branch testing B. Agile testing
Which of following items is counted to indirect cost for QA activities?
Budget of technique training
21. Defect found by customer is called as
Bug
Benefit enhancement
By taking advantage of the different techniques, the integrated strategies can be used to perform not only the original
stale NFS file handle
C
1. Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage
C. Control Flow Testing
3. What is the problems of testing for loop ?
C. Execute too many test case
Which of the following tools would be involved in the automation of regression test
Capture/Playback
Which of the following tools would be involved in the automation of regression test?
Capture/Playback
For defects, we need to distinguish execution failures, internal faults, and errors in human actions. The specific problems need to be counted and tracked consistently. Similarly, other measurements also require us to maintain consistent interpretation.
Consistent interpretation and tracking
To ensure proper collection and usage of various measurement data, we need to pay special attention to the following
Consistent interpretation and tracking,Timely defect and data reporting,Proper data granularity
two distinct sub-steps in model construction
Constructing the basic FSMs,complete the usage model by assigning tran
Tree-based models andoptimal set reduction can characterizeidentifiedhigh-defect modulesby theirsplit conditions or patterns defined by certain metrics values or ranges
Constructive information and guidancefor quality improvement
structured CFGs strategy consists of two basic steps
CFG decomposition>Bottom-up path definition
44. Which is not true about CFT and DFT?
CFT and DFT are applicable for large systems
An important benefit of code inspections is that they:
Can be performed by the person who wrote the code.
10. Which of the following software change management activities is most vital to assessing the impact of proposed software modifications
Change control
Which of the following software change management activities is most vital to assessing the impact of proposed software modifications?
Change control
Basic quality tool (NOT):
Check list
Following tools show trends of event
Check sheet
The easiest technique for measuring the frequency of poor quality events is
Check sheet
Which of the following tools show trends of events :
Check sheet
23. Which is not a Component testing (2M)
Check the decision tables
The primary goal of comparing a user manual with the actual behavior of the running program during system testing is to
Check the technical accuracy of the document
running program during system testing is to
Check the technical accuracy of the document
Which is not a basic quality tool?
Checklist
in the two-dimensional space, it should be chosen by
Choosing the midpoint between the two ON points, Then moving 6 distance off the boundary, outward or inward for
the problem with whether the boundary points belong to this sub-domain under consideration
Closureproblem
activity measurements for the whole project. For example, total effort and cycle-time can be used in various models for overall quality assessment and project release decisions.
Coarse-grain
Cleanroom process is developed base on
Combines math reasoning during specification and design
COTS is known as
Commercial off the shelf software
Force field analysis can be defined as a way to
Compare forces going with you and forces going against you
29. Find the mismatch (2M)
Configuration management tools - Check for consistence
Pick the best definition of quality
Conformance to requirements
Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage
Control Flow Testing
Which of the following tools shows trends of events?
Control chart
42. What is the basis of construction for CFT?
Control flow graphs (CFGs)
31. Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage?
Control flow testing
1. what should be involed in Test suite pre
Contructing
Who should involved in determining risk management:
Customer,Developer,Manager
Model inter-connections,which can be examined in two opposite directions
Customizution,Generalization
client denied by server configuration
D
Relation is used in DDA
D-U
Which relation is used mostly in DDA
D-U
Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
Equivalence partitioning
12. A junction node is
D. A node associated with multiple inlink
9. Which of the following use Scatter diagram :
D. All of above
integration testing
Equivalence partitioning
which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage?
Equivalence partitioning
Which of the following techniques are black box techniques?
Equivalence partitioning, state transition testing, decision table testing
5. What is NOT focus of defect prevention :
D. Person who made the defect
Fault Masking is
Error condition hiding another error condition
24. Which of the following is not the integration strategy?
Design based
Which of the following is not the integration strategy
Design based
Which of the following is not the integration strategy?
Design based
33. What is NOT correct about DFT construction?
DFT is process|oriented
Which is NOT included in Defect prevention plan (DP Plan)?
DP Technique
which is not included in defect prevention plan (DP plan)
DP technique
What is the focus of CFT?
Data dependencies
What is the form of CFT
Data dependencies
11. Tools for support QA alternatives are classified into 3 groups. Defect Management System (DMS) is the system for recording and tracking defects of the projects. To which group is DMS?
Data gathering tools
Which the following is NOT a white box :
Dataflow testing
17. Which is not the testing objectives (1M)
Debugging defects
26. Which is not a black box testing technique (1M)
Decision testing
15. Focus of testing?
Defect Removal
What is not a part of the cost of Fault tolerance?
Defect fixing cost
based on the answers to the question: "If this defect is not fixed, how will it impact the customer?' Pre-defined impact categories (possible answers) include performance, reliability,etc.
Defect impact
corresponds to web error type, which indicates what problem was experiencedby web users. It can be analyzed directlybased on information extracted
Defect impact
25. Ways is the testing?
Defect measurement
24. Which of the following do NOT use Scatter diagram?
Defect number vs. Reason
Which is NOT a key attribute of defects?
Defect owner
8. Which technique are Error source removal and Fault prevention?
Defect prevention
11. NOT a part of Test plan?
Defect report
can be 1 (critical problem), 2 (major problem), 3 (minor problem), and 4 (minor inconvenience).
Defect severity
51. Which defect attribute can answer the question: "In which file is the defect allocated?"?
Defect source
corresponds to specific files or file types that need to be changed, added, or removed to fix problems recorded in the error logs. It can be analyzed by examining both the specific errors and referral pairs.
Defect source
vendor code, new code, base code, etc.
Defect source
60. Which defect attribute can answer the question: "which QA activity has detected the defect?"?
Defect trigger
categories closely resemble test scenario classes used for managing the testing process for this product.
Defect trigger
corresponds to specific usage sequences or referrals that lead to problems recorded in the error logs. It can be analyzed by examining the referral pair information that can be extracted from the access logs (Ma and Tian, 2003).
Defect trigger
Which of the following is NOT Key attribute of defects?
Defect type
What is NOT Defect handling rule?
Defects are used to punish owners
A failure is:
Departure from specified behavior.
The purpose of cause effect diagram using is
Determine possible cause of a problem
The purpose of cause effect diagram using is :
Determine possible cause of a problem
Purpose of Cause-Effect diagram is not
Determine what are problem
The purpose of cause effect diagram using is not to
Determine what are the problem
A program with high Cyclo-metric complexity is almost likely to be:
Difficult to test
A program with high cyclometic complexity is almost likely to be
Difficult to test
How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
Discussions with the development team,Time allocated for regression testing
Independent Verification & Validation is
Done by an Entity Outside the Project's sphere of influence
To test a function, the programmer has to write a , which calls the function to be tested and passes it test data.
Driver
To test a function, the programmer has to write a _________, which calls the function to be tested and passes it test data
Driver
To test a function, the programmer has to write a _________, which calls the function to be tested and passes it test data.
Driver
20. Which of the following tools would you use to detect a memory leak?
Dynamic analysis
Which of the following tools would you use to detect a memory leak
Dynamic analysis
Which of the following tools would you use to detect a memory leak?
Dynamic analysis
The subset of dynamic elements includes the input provided to the FSMs and the output generated
Dynamic elements
Which is not sub-type of Product-specific models?
Dynamic model
Which is not sub-type of product-specific models
Dynamic model
We split testing into distinct stages primarily because
Each test stage has a different purpose
We split testing into distinct sub-phases because
Each test stage has a different purpose
1 We split testing into distinct stages primarily because:
Each test stage has a different purpose.
We split testing into distinct stages primarily because
Each test stage has a different purpose.
We split testing into distinct stages primarily because:
Each test stage has a different purpose.
There is a strong need for early modeling results, because problems found late in development are much harder and cost significantly more to fix
Early availability and stability|Early availability and stability
plays an important role in model applications. A good understanding of the analysis results is a precondition to follow-up actions
Ease of result interpretation
12. Which of the following is a requirement of an effective software environment
Ease of use, Capacity for incremental implementation, Capability of evolving with the needs of a project
35. A project that is in the implementation phase is six weeks behind schedule. The
Eliminate some of the requirements that have not yet been implemented.
Which one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true
End-users should be involved in system tests
10 Which one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true?
End-users should be involved in system tests.
Which one of the following statements about system testing is NOT true?
End-users should be involved in system tests.
12. Purpose of software testing?
Ensure that the software system would ..
6. When testing a grade calculation syst90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scoas
Equivalence partitioning
7. ___________ technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage (1M)
Equivalence partitioning
When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
Equivalence partitioning
What is FSMs stand for?
Finite State Machines
9. Which testing technique can be represented adequately for program execution details, interactions among different parts of programs?
Finite|state machines (FSMs) ???
adding, deleting, or changing to design or code.
Fix action
fix to design, code, etc.
Fix type
47. QA lead requests the inspector to focus on critical parts of a product for Fagal inspection. Which step is it?
Follow|up
In foundation level syllabus you will find the main basic principles of testing. Which of the following sentences describes one of these basic principles?
For a software system, it is not possible,
In foundation level syllabus you will find the main basic principles of testing. Which of the following sentences describes one of these basic principles?
For a software system, it is not possible, under normal conditions, to test all input and preconditions
Which of the following activities differentiate a walkthrough from a formal review?
For a walkthrough individual
Which of the following activities differentiate a walkthrough from a formal review?
For a walkthrough individual preparation by the reviewers is optional
Transition identification with the help of input values
For each state, we can consider all the possible transitions in connection with
UMM hierarchies and to group pages or links, as follows
For traditional organizations,For links associated with very small
Which of the following is most often considered as components interface bug?
For two components exchanging data, one
Which of the following is most often considered as components interface bug?
For two components exchanging data, one component used metric units; the other one used British units
state transitions in FSMs:
From the point of view of Internet- and web-based,There is empirical evidence to show that
This is similar to the above feedbackand followup activities,but with the added hindsight. Better quality planning can be formulated based on the experience of the current project, both in terms of goal setting and the selectionof the overall QA strategies.
Futureproduct quality improvement
The follow-upand improvement can be concentratedin three major areas
Futureproduct, Process,people quality improvement
invalid URL in request connection
G
A typical commercial test execution tool could be able to perform all of the following EXCEPT :
Generating expected output
FSM can be represented by?
Graph or List or table/matrix
What are the potential benefit from using tools in general to support testing
Greater repeatability of tests, reduction in respective work, objective assessment
mod_mime_magic
H
Specific types of functionality testing include
HTML syntax checking,link checking,Form testing,Verification of end-to-endtransaction,java component testing
A measurement tool that is a vertical bar graph based on numerical information is a
Histogram
"The tracing of requirements for a test level through the layers of a test documentation" done by
Horizontal traceability
How was the defect injected into the software,and why? These two questions are closely related, both pertaining to the cause of the discovered defects
How and Why?
Not define in Iso 9000
How to manage quality
What is not defined in ISO 9000
How to manage the quality
Which is NOT defined in ISO 9000?
How to manage the quality
request failed
I
Which of the following is a requirement of an effective software environment?
I, II &III
Which of the following is a requirement of an effective software environment? I. Ease of use
I, II &III
I. Are the necessary documentation, design and requirements information available that will allow testers to operate the system and judge correct behavior.
I, II and IV
Which of the following statements is true about a software verification and validation program?
I, II&IV
Which of the following statements is true about a software verification and validation program? I. It strives to ensure that quality is built into software.
I, II&IV
Integration testing has following characteristics
I, III and IV are correct
we characterize the typical testing environment for large software systems, select appropriate measurementsto assess product reliability using
IDRMs and SRGMs. reliability models. Tian, 1995
21. Which of the following is NOT a standard related to testing?
IEEE610
Which of the following is NOT a standard related to testing
IEEE610
Which of the following is NOT a standard related to testing?
IEEE610
16. Which of the following is the standard for the Software product quality (1M)
ISO 1926 B. ISO 829 C. ISO 1012 D. ISO 1028
What is NOT an activity cause analysis :
Identify the common defect
such as completion of planned test activities, can be used as exit criteria, which implicitly assumes the effectiveness of the testing activities
Implicit quality assessments
Decisions without explicit quality assessment
Implicit,Indirect,Otherfactors
you have taken on the test plan
Improve super vision, More reviews of artifacts or program means stage
Input problems
In FSM-based testihg, we typically treat
Executing planned QA activities and handling discovered defects. In addition to performing selected QA activities, an important part of this normal execution is to deal with the discovered problems
In-QA activities
23 Which of the following would NOT normally form part of a test plan?
Incident reports
Which of the following would NOT normally form part of a test plan
Incident reports
Which of the following would NOT normally form part of a test plan?
Incident reports
Which of the following is NOT true of incidents
Incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test
28. Which is performed depending on present state and input conditions?
Input action
2. What are Dynamic elements?
Input and Output.
36. What can FSM be classified by?
Input/Output or State
FSM can classify by?
Input/Output or State
Which of the following list contains only non-functional tests?
Interoperability (compatibility) testing, reliability testing, performance testing
Demographic information
Is a way to classify individual
uses n ON points and 1 OFF points to be defined below for each boundary
Weak N X 1 strategy
14. What is a branching node?
It is a node associated with multiple outlinks
8. What is an Interior point?
It is a point belonging to a sub|domain but not on the boundary
It identities the objects to be tested.
It is a set of steps, execution preconditions, and expected results
7. What is finite state machine?
It is an abstract model of a machine with a primitive internal memory.
23. What is an action in FSM's concept?
It is an activity that be performed at a given moment
20. What is Formal specification?
It is concerned with producing an unambiguous set of product specifications so that customer requirements
37. What is Alpha testing?
It is performed by customers at the software developer's site
What is the trigger of a risk?
It is the condition when the risk occurs
12. What is CUPRIMDS framework?
It is the framework to characterize and measure quality for IBM's software products
connection reset by peer
K
Which of the following is NOT a black box technique:
LCSAJ
A project manager has been transferred to a major software development project that is in the implementation phase. The highest priority for this project manager should be to
Learn the project objectives and the existing project plan
Which of the following is a valid collection of equivalence classes for the following problem: An integer field shall contain values from and including 1 to and including 15
Less than 1, 1 through 15, more than 15
This is analysis is human intensive, and should be performed by expects with thorough knowledge about the product is about
Logical analysis
can help us obtain an objective assessment of our current product quality, in contrast to the often unreliable subjective assessment based on personal judgment or imprecise qualitative assessment
MODELS FOR QUALITY ASSESSMENT
easy to interpret and directly meaningful to customersas well as software managers, developers, and testers
MTBF
7. All of the following might be done dur
Manual support testing
All of the following might be done during unit testing except
Manual support testing
Test run data over time can be easily collected (Section 22.6), consistently used to track testing progress, and can lead to accurate reliability assessments with SRGMs if runs are homogeneous
Many uses oftest run counts
These results and related studies of other products or systems (Tian et al., 1995; Tian, 1995; Tian and Palma, 1997; Tian et al., 2004) point to several important conclusions, including
Many uses oftest run counts,Limited applicability of execution time,Using transactions
Different attributes of the software artifacts may be treated as an unstructured heap of symbols (for example, raw count such as LOCline of code), or as syntactical structures (for example, various control flow path measurements (Fenton and Pfleeger, 1996)), or even as interconnected semantic entities (for example, context-sensitive measures such as live data definitions (Tai, 1984)).
Measurement of structures
In a inspection meeting a moderator is a person who
Mediates between people
In a review meeting a moderator is a person who
Mediates between people
activity measurements for individual development phases, sub-phases, or time periods such as weeks or months. For example, defect profiles over development phases are commonly used in various models for quality assessment, resource allocation, and project managment.
Medium-grain
Testing of software used to convert data from existing systems for use in replacement systems
Migration testing
replacement systems
Migration testing
Statement Coverage will not check for the following
Missing Statements
34. Stochastic testing using statistical information or operational profiles uses the
Model based testing approach
Junction nude is
Multiple inlink
Not characteristic of DDGs
Multiple out link
Which is NOT a characteristic of DDGs?
Multiple out links
Branching nude is
Multiple outlink
which technique is snot applied in faualt toleerance for timely decision
N-Version programming
A risk relates to which of the following?
Negative consequences that could occur
32. By limiting transactions across boundaries of different FSMs in the hierarchy, what is alleviated by the using of hierarchical FSMs?
Node
Control flow graphs (CFGs) can be considered as special cases of the latter type
Nodes,Links,Initial/entry and final/exit nodes,Outlinks,Inlinks,Path
2. System testing should investigate (2M)
Non-functional requirements and Functional requirements
Acceptance testing is
None
6. Purpose of test design technique is (1M)
Not Identifying test conditions, Identifying test cases only
The hierarchical structure of UMMs
Not every higher-level state needs to be expanded into lower-level models
31. Set of metrics can be used to monitor the test execution?
Number of test case run & not runl test cases passed & failed
Which set of metrics can be used for monitoring of the test execution?
Number of test cases run / not run; test cases passed / failed
Which technique is NOT applied in Fault tolerance for timely decision?
N|Version programming
16. Which is NOT a model for reliability assessment?
ODC
25. Which is not a model for reliability assessment?
ODC
Which is NOT a model for reliability assessment
ODC
a rich and extensive category ofdefect attributes, stemming from both the failure view and the fault view
ODC
which is not a model for reliability assessment
ODC
23. Which testing is used to ensure to reliability for large systems?
OP|based statistical testing
11. Which quality assessment model is used to measure product reliability?
Observation|based models
Incorrect form of Logic coverage is:
Pole Coverage
12. Poor software characteristics are (3M)
Only Product risks
What is the issue of testing?
Only show the presence of defects, not their absence
If testing time is limited, we should
Only test high risk areas
What is ODC in Process Measurements concepts?
Orthogonal Defect Classification
such asproject schedule, cost, and resource utilization, can sometimes be used as exit criteria.
Otherfactors
34. Which subcategories do CMM and CMMI belong to?
Overall models
2.Faults found by users are due to:
Poor software and poor testing
25. What is the correct match of each model with the one purpose?
Overall models | provide a single estimate of overall product quality; dynamic models | provide quality trend or distribution over time or development phases; segmented models | provide different quality estimates for different industrial segments
Customer complains more than one time that the date in weekly is not correct process leader did not check the date carefully . In which cause category can the above problem class.... ?
Oversight
Customer complains more than one time that the date in weekly reports in the date carefully.
Oversight
Customer complains more than one time that the date in weekly reports in the date carefully.To which cause category can the above problem be classified?
Oversight
5. What is Duplication technique of Fault Tolerance?
Parallel running of multiple programs
Duplication technique of Fault tolerance is
Parallel running of multiple programs
Which of the following analysis techniques to determine the priorities of the problem to be analyzed?
Pareto Chart
Which of the following tools is NOT used to analyze the problems?
Pareto Chart
which of the following tools is not used to analyze the problems
Pareto Chart
A measurement tool that is based on characteristics of a product, process, or service is a
Pareto chart
13. In which part of the book "Software Quality Engineering" are quality assessment and feedback described?
Part I
34. In which part of the book "Software Quality Testing" are Testing techniques covered?
Part II
36. Activity is verification?
Peer review
skills and experience,roles and responsibilities,organizational and team structure, etc
People characteristics
people in many areas, including domain knowledgeof the specific product, software process and technology experience, and quality engineering knowledge. Their experience can be packaged to ensure effective transfer of the collective knowledge and experience, or the so-called institutional memory, to new project personnel.
People quality improvement
3. Which is the non-functional testing (1M)
Performance testing
4. Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were
Performance testing
20 Beta testing is:
Performed by customers at their own site
Beta testing is:
Performed by customers at their own site
What is NOT a focus of defect prevention?
Person who made the defect
What is NOT focus of defect prevention :
Person who made the defect
What is not a fours of defect prevention ?
Person who made the defect
Which of the following does not belong to 7 basic quality tools?
Pie chart
Which of the following is NOT one of 7 basic quality tools?
Pie chart
24. PDCA is known as (1M)
Plan, Do, Check, Act B. Plan, Do, Correct, Act
The leader selects reviewers to join the inspection. In which step is this activity?
Planning
Sometimes, product release decisions are made regardless of the current quality level.
Planning for post-release product support
can be based on an assessment of quality strength and weakness of the current product, or a comparison between this and othercompetitive products
Planning forfuture products
33. Find the correct flow of the phases of a formal review (3M)
Planning, Review meeting, Rework, Follow up
Incorrect form of Logic coverage is
Pole Coverage
Quality measurement, assessment and improvement These are the activities that are carried out after normal QA activities have started but not as part of these normal activities. The primary purpose of these activities is to provide quality assessment and feedback so that various management decisions can be made and possible quality improvement initiatives can be carried out.
Post-QA activities
An important extension to the "when" question is whether a defect is a pre-release defect or a post-release defect, sometimes labeled as an indevelopment(or in-process)or an in-field defect, respectively
Pre- or post-release?
Quality planning. These are the activities that should be carried out before carrying out the regular QA activities
Pre-QA activities
One common practice is to wait until a batch is full before all the items in the batch are processed can be found in...
Pre-emptive or not
parameters can be specified for queues, including
Pre-emptive or not,Butching,Synchronization
Alpha testing is:
Pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer's site.
Alpha testing is:
Pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer?s site.
16. Some execution problems observed during testing may invole complicated scenarios and may possible sources of problems.
Problems diagnosis related
15. A _____ is the step-by-step method followed to ensure that standards are met
Procedure
13. ________ and ________ are used within individual workbenches to produce the
Procedures and standards
information from these specifications and descriptions
Processing nodes typically,Branching nodes are typically
The CFGs constructed in this way are white-box testing models as follows
Processing nodes typically,Decision or branching nodes ,Loop statements correspon,The entry and exit nodes are usuall
This improvement can be achievedin two generalareas, the quality engineering process itself and the general software engineering process. The former can be based on the experience with carrying out the current quality engineering process, while the latter would also benefit greatly from alternativeexperience using other development processes to develop similar products
Processquality improvement
being measured, including control (for example, control flow paths), data (for example, operand count), and presentation (for example,different indentation rules used).
Product (internal)attributes
general expectations of the target users,high-level product functionality,market environment for the product,specific hardwarelsoftware configuration, etc.
Product characteristics
27. NOT an activity of Quaility assessment and improvement?
Product release.
40. Who should be involved in determining risk management?
Project team, customer, manager
Different quality analyses and models might require data at different levels of granularity. We will examine this aspect further in connection with models for quality assessment and improvement in Chapter 19
Proper data granularity
17. NOT normally be an objective for a test?
Prove the low quality
Gaps between customers and providers are based primarily on
Provider and customer perception differences
4. What is the meaning of called post
QA activities in software quality testing? | these activities need to be carried out after the finish of QA activities
37 Which of the following is NOT included in the Test Plan document of the Test
Quality plans
Which of the following is NOT included in the Test Plan document of the Test Documentation Standard:
Quality plans
Qualitative research differs from quantitative research in that
Quantitative research uses a predetermined standard
You are the test manager and you are about the start the system testing. The developer team says that due to change in requirements they will be able to deliver the system to you for testing 5 working days after the due date. You can not change the resources(work hours, test tools, etc.) What steps you will take to be able to finish the testing in time.
Rank the functionality as per risk and concentrate
finish the testing in time
Rank the functionality as per risk and concentrate more on critical functionality
What steps you will take to be able to finish the testing in time.
Rank the functionality as per risk and concentrate more on critical functionality testing
56. What is basic assumption of Backup technique of Fault tolerance?
Rare event
39 Which of the following is not part of performance testing:
Recovery testing
Which of the following is not part of performance testing:
Recovery testing
2 Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools
Regression testing
2. Which special testing is applied for maintenance activities of the project?
Regression testing
30. When will the oracle problem happen?
Regression testing
Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities?
Regression testing
providing test capture and replay facilities
Regression testing
A number of critical bugs are fixed in software. All the bugs are in one module, related to reports. The test manager decides to do regression testing only on the reports module.
Regression testing should be done
A number of critical bugs are fixed in software. All the bugs are in one module, related to reports. The test manager decides to do regression testing only on the reports module.
Regression testing should be done on other modules as well because fixing one module may affect other modules
24. Item transmittal report is also known as
Release note
Item transmittal report is also known as
Release note
27. What is the primary concern of commercial software systems?
Reliability
40. What is the capability of software to maintain its performance under stated conditions for a stated time period?
Reliability
Which more meaning full to customer and user
Reliability
Similar to the above, if a project is behind schedule or ahead of schedule, resource allocation decisions may be made to try to compensate for it by adding or removing certain resources, although the impact of this is limited (Brooks, 1995).
Resource allocation and adjustment
Which of the following statements about reviews is true
Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans
38 Which of the following statements about reviews is true?
Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans.
Which of the following statements about reviews is true?
Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans.
When is Defect prevention effectively?
Right at the beginning of the product development
human intensive, and should be performed by experts with thorough knowledge about the product, the development process, the application domain, and the general environment
Root cause analysis
15 Consider the following:
SC = 2 and DC = 3
Consider the following:
SC = 2 and DC = 3
Which Model is used to measure the stability over time?
SRGM
which model is used to measure the stability over time
SRGM
Failure intervals or observations are independent
Satisfiability of general assumptions for SRE
The software usage resembles that of its target customers
Satisfiability of general assumptions for SRE
Time is used as the basis to definefailure rates in SRGMs
Satisfiability of general assumptions for SRE
19. Which is not the software characteristics (1M)
Scalability
A measurement tool that studies the potential relationship between two variables is a
Scatter diagram
This decision is probably the one most closely identified with product release or phasehb-phase termination decisions. When there is a mismatch between a product's quality progress and project schedule, adjustment is called for. The quality assessment results typically will indicate when the quality goal will be satisfied. This input can be used to delay (more often) or speed up (less often) the project schedule.
Schedule adjustment
of the analysis technique has many ramifications. A simple technique is generally easy to understand, easy to use, easy (and lesscostly) to performon a given set of data, and is more likely to be supported by existing tools
Simplicity
2. From the below given choices, which A. Sanity testing
Smoke testing
From the below given choices, which one is the 'Confidence testing'
Smoke testing
From the below given choices, which one is the „Confidence testing?
Smoke testing
29. What are based to create cases in FSM Testing?
State transition diagram and State table
25 Which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
State transition testing
A defect management system shall keep track of the status of every defect registered and enforce the rules about changing these states. If your task is to test the status tracking, which method would be best?
State transition testing
If your task is to test the status tracking, which method would be best?
State transition testing
Which of the following is NOT a white box technique
State transition testing
which of the following is NOT a white box technique?
State transition testing
19 Which of the following is NOT a type of non-functional test?
State-Transition
Which of the following is NOT a type of non-functional test
State-Transition
which of the following is NOT a type of non-functional test?
State-Transition
Which activity is not performed in cleanroom lifecycle?
Statistical testing
Which of the following statements is correct?
Stress testing tools examine the behaviour of the test object at or beyond full load
29. What is the Equivalent class?
Subsets in a partition
increased flexibility
Such integrated strategies also offers more flexibility in overall QA and in deriving results that can be extrapolated to different situations
What is NOT the responsibility of the leader in a CAR meeting?
Summary the discussion and plan preventive actions
Which of the following is not a quality characteristic listed in ISO 9126 Standard
Supportability
Which of the following is not a quality characteristic listed in ISO 9126 Standard?
Supportability
Which model is used to analyze and estimate input domain data for reliability testing?
TBRM
Which model is used to analyze the combined time & input domain data for reliability testing?
TBRM
which model is used to analyze the combined time & input domain data for reliability testing
TBRM
9. Collection of entities and related information that alows a test to be executed?
Test case
7. Project team is using a diagnostic tool to examine what kind of problem the detected defect is. In which activity of generic testing process is it?
Test planning and preparation
13. A test manager wants to use the resources available for the automated testing of a web application. The best choice is
Tester, test automater, web specialist, DBA
46. What is the most important part of Quality Control (QC) activity?
Testing
Which QA alternative is better at detecting interaction problem involving ...
Testing
What is NOT a step of Formal inspections?
Testing execution
what is not a step of formal inspections
Testing execution
18. Relationship between testing and quality assurance?
Testing is a part of QA process
20. Correct order for the scope and content hierarchy?
Testing, qualiti assurance, software quality engineering
27. Which order of the scope and content hierarchy correct?
Testing, quality assurance, and software quality engineering
Boundary value testing
Tests boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes
Integration testing in the small:
Tests interactions between modules or subsystems.
What is key feature of Cleanroom?
The Cleanroom approach combines math reasoning during specification and design
all detected defects will be removed
The implicit assumptions here are twofold
higher coverage leads to higher reliability
The implicit assumptions here are twofold
Which of the following items need not to be given in an incident report?
The instructions on how to correct the fault
5 Analyse the following highly simplified procedure:
The response time shall be less than one second for the specified design
Which of the following requirements is testable
The response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load
„Defect Density? calculated in terms of
The number of defects identified in a component or system divided by the size of the component or system
Enough testing has been performed when:
The required level of confidence has been achieved.
4 Which of the following requirements is testable?
The response time shall be less than one second for the specified design
U-D relation:
This is called anti-usage. The only interesting situation with it is that a data item is used
D-U relation:
This is the normal usage case. When a data item is used, we need to obtain (or "fetch")
D-D relation:
This represents the overloading or masking situation, where the later D-operation
Going through the loop once:
This test case can often reveal loop initialization
Going through the loop twice:
This test case can often reveal problems that prevent
The following list contains risks that have been identified for a software product to be developed. Which of these risks is an example of a product risk?
Threat to a patient's life
The following list contains risks that have been identified for a software product to be developed. Which of these risks is an example of a product risk?
Threat to a patient?s life
Usage-dependenttime measurement
Time is used as the basis to definefailure rates in SRGMs
Usage-independenttime measurement
Time is used as the basis to definefailure rates in SRGMs
Because these measurements are used to monitor and control software projects, we must ensure timely reporting of defects and other dynamic measurements to keep the information current.
Timely defect and data reporting
The main purpose of recording defects of inspection is:
To collect defect data for future using
31. FPA is used to (2M)
To measure the size of the functionality of an Information system
34. Purpose of a test coverage criterion?
To monitor and control testing progress
Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test
To prove that the software is correct
Which of the following should NOT normally be an objective for a test?
To prove that the software is correct.
Problem of testing for a loop
Too much execution
Problem of testing for a lop
Too much execution
The hierarchical nature of our UMMs
Top Level: Top Access Report (TAR) >Middle Level: Unified Markov Models (UMMs) >Bottom Level: Detailed UMMs or other Models
analyzing the web access logs kept at the web servers
Top access report (TAR),Call pair report (CPR)
Likely to benefit most from user of auto test tool
Unit and System
13. What is not an output of Unit test activity?
Unit test defect
18 What can static analysis NOT find?
Unreachable ("dead") code
There is one application, which runs on a single terminal. There is another application that works on multiple terminals. What are the test techniques you will use on the second application that you would not do on the first application?
Update & Rollback, Response time
use on the second application that you would not do on the first application
Update & Rollback, Response time
Which one of the following are non-functional testing methods?
Usability testing, Performance testing
19. Which of following testing is used to ensure product reliability?
Usage|based statistical testing
29. Expected result described in test case are
Used for input|ouput relation
are and the _______ of the models to different environments.
Usefulness,accurate,applicability
35. Acceptance testing is the responsibility of
User
29 Which of the following is the best source of Expected Outcomes for User
User requirements
Which of the following is the best source of Expected Outcomes for User Acceptance Test scripts
User requirements
Which of the following is the best source of Expected Outcomes for User Acceptance Test scripts?
User requirements
Multi-layered web applications
Web Server >Middleware> Database - Backend
What is the purpose of a test coverage criterion?
[A] ***to determine when to stop testing
can be estimated by the slope ofthe fitted SRGMs, and overall reliability change (or reliability growth due to failure observations and fault removals) can be characterized by the slope change from the beginning of testing to the current time
Using SRGMs, product reliability at a given time
When run homogeneity cannot be assured, detailed usage measurements, such as measured by transactions, can be used effectively for reliability analyses with SRGMs
Using transactions
"This life cycle model is basically driven by schedule and budget risks" This statement is best suited for
V-Model
statement is best suited for
V-Model
system integration testing after system testing
V-Model
"This life cycle model is basically driven by schedule and budget risks" This statement is best suited for
V-model
20. Which is another name for Static test?
Validation
can be used to understand the general relations between defects and various other software measurement data
Various traditional statistical analysis techniques(Venables and Ripley, 1994)
4. which of the following statements is not true
Verification activities should not involve testers (reviews, inspections etc)
Which of the following statements is not true,
Verification activities should not involve testers (reviews, inspections etc)
which of the following statements is not true
Verification activities should not involve testers (reviews, inspections etc)
36. One person has been dominating the current software process improvement
Wait for the person to pause, acknowledge the person? s opinion, and ask for
Static test is another name for :
Walk through
Static test:
Walk through
Static test is another name for
Walk-through inspection
Static test is another name for?
Walk-through inspection
the bottom-up use of concatenation and nesting to select
We first define the two paths in>We next nest G3 paths into G2>We finally concatenate G2(G3) with G1 to form 6 paths: TT-, TFT, TFF, FT-, FT-, FFF
Consistent defect interpretation and tracking
We need to distinguish execution failures,internal faults, and human errors. The specific problems need to be counted andtracked consistently
State identification and enumeration
We need to keep the number of states to a manageable level
The identification and classification of the discovered defects can be performed to identify what they are and classify them by some consistent scheme. This topic is the focus of this chapter, which is discussed in all subsequent sections
What?
the questionsasked during the analyses are similar
What?,Where?,When?,Pre- or post-release?,How and Why?
Quality is
Whatever the customer says it is
consider the following execution sequence
When a program starts,After performing a user-oriented function,the above step can be repeated a number,the state where program execution,In each of the transitions
the following sub-cases are tested
When the queue is empty,he cases with 1 or 2 elements already in...
During the software development process, at what point can the test process start
When the software requirements have been approved
During the software development process, at what point can the test process start?
When the software requirements have been approved.
The identificationof the exact time or associated development phase or subphase when a defect is injected and when it is discovered is important, because it provides information to analyze the overall defect trend and serves as the basis for quality prediction into the future
When?
Distribution over defect location is to answer the question
Where are the defects found?
Where was the defect found or discovered? This information can be used to provide valuable feedback to the development process through defect distribution analysis
Where?
What can static analysis NOT find?
Whether the value stored in a variable is correct
It is often possible to improve customer service quality
While also realizing cost savings and increased profitability
The total number of possible control flow paths can be calculated as
Xich ma Ni=(N^m-1)/(N-1)
Could reviews or inspections be considered part of testing:
Yes, because both help
38 Could reviews or inspections be considered part of testing:
Yes, because both help detect faults and improve quality
Could reviews or inspections be considered part of testing:
Yes, because both help detect faults and improve quality
3) which of the following statements is not correct?
a minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% branch coverage.
3. which of the following statements is not correct?
a minimal test set that achieves 100% statement coverage will generally detect more faults than one that achieves 100% branch coverage.
A branching node is
a node associated with multiple outlinks
9. A test design technique is
a process for selecting test cases
9. a test design technique is
a process for selecting test cases
A test design technique is
a process for selecting test cases
15. change x requires a higher level of authority than change y in which of the following pairs?
a product distributed to several sites a product with a single user
15. a measurement tool that is a collection of data points, plotted on a graph according to time is:
a run chart
15) which of the following is false?
a system is necessarily more reliable after debugging for the removal of a fault.
15. which of the following is false?
a system is necessarily more reliable after debugging for the removal of a fault.
A formalized defect handling process highlights important
activities and associated rules,parties involved, and their responsibilities.
what can be leaded if the basic knowledge is lacked
all other items
what is a defect?
all other items
what is correct about the collection of defect data?
all other items
what is logical analysis in defect prevention?
all other items
what is not a key feature of cleanroom?
all other items
which factors are to determine the quality & success of software projects
all other items
which is a common cause category
all other items
which property can be ussured with formal specifications?
all other items
which software products can be inspected
all other items
which is a step of extreme point combination (EPC) stragety?
all other steps
advantages of such integrations are...
all the answer
The subsets are collectively exhaustive, that is, they collectively cover or include
all the elements in the original set
9. testing is performed at the developing organization's sit
alpha testing
CFGs can
also be derived from external functional specification or descriptions of customer usage scenarios
the increased demand for more automation, service, and functionality, modern software systems
also become larger and more complex
Among the different QA activities, defect containment activities play
an important role in post-release product operations and maintenance support
the actual testing is typically performed late in the overall product development process,
and the model construction could be and should be started much earlier
Introducing new products by implementing highly used features quickly to capture market share
and then gradually adding lesser-used features in subsequent releases or product updates
which of following items is counted to indirect cost for QA activities
budget of technical training
Two-way analysis examines the interaction between two attributes
applied to all the attributes in pair-wise fashion
25. regarding statistical analysis:
applying the analysis is the final step
1.software testing activities should start
as soon as possible in the development life cycle
Software testing activities should start
as soon as possible in the development life cycle
1. to know what the customer needs, wants, and expects, you should:
ask the customer
in which step of quality improvenment paradigm is not pilot implemented...
assessing
It is typically defined by the differentstates
associated with individual defect status and transitions among these states due to status changes
Loops are
associated with repetitive or iterative procedures of information processing,either
Since each transition is
associated with specific input values, we can simply select such input values to sensitize the test case.
Why can be tester dependent on configuration management?
assures that we know the exact version of the Test-ware
each item in a higher-level checklist expandable to a full checklist
at a lower level until we stop at a level of detail deemed enough by some criteria
Defect type, with attribute values: function, interface, algorithm, timing, etc. Number of lines changed for the fixing.
at defect fixing
all implemented functions or sub-functions should
at least be covered once and found to be satisfactory before product release
8 Which of the following is NOT part of configuration management:
auditing conformance to ISO9001
Which of the following is NOT part of configuration management:
auditing conformance to ISO9001
mitigation actions of a risk are planned to
avoid the occurrence of the risk
Which of the following statements about the component testing standard is false:
black box design techniques
23 Which of the following statements about the component testing standard is
black box design techniques all have an associated measurement technique
Which of the following statements about the component testing standard is false:
black box design techniques all have an associated measurement technique
22) which of the following is a form of functional testing?
boundary value analysis
Execution can be helped
by debugger and other testing tools, particularly for white-box CFT because it focuses on statement-oriented path definitions and executions.
The information related to usage scenarios, patterns, and related usage frequency
by target customers and users needs to be collected
14. when should you stop testing?
c. when the test completion criteria have been met
1.an input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004 the boundary values for testing this field are
c.1899,1900,2004,2005
14.how many test cases are necessary to cover all the possible sequences of statements (paths) for the following program fragment? assume that the two conditions are independent of each other : - ............ if (condition 1) then statement 1 else statement 2 fi if (condition 2) then statement 3 fi ............
c.4 test cases
3.which of the following tools would be involved in the automation of regression test?
c.capture/playback
8.pick the best definition of quality
c.conformance to requirements
5.which of the following is not a quality characteristic listed in iso 9126 standard?
c.supportability
20.code coverage is used as a measure of what ?
c.test effectiveness
16. "how much testing is enough?"
c.the answer depends on the risk for your industry, contract and special requirements
11.during the software development process, at what point can the test process start?
c.when the software requirements have been approved.
to generate test cases by assigning specific values to input variables based on some analyses of the input domain
called domain analysis, or input domain analysis
The most important thing about early test design is that it
can prevent fault multiplication
37 The most important thing about early test design is that it:
can prevent fault multiplication.
37) the most important thing about early test design is that it:
can prevent fault multiplication.
37. the most important thing about early test design is that it:
can prevent fault multiplication.
Which are NOT sub
categories of Gen... | Semi customized models
10. which of the following software change management activities is most vital to assessing the impact of proposed software modifications?
change control
9. the easiest technique for measuring the frequency of poor quality events is:
check sheet
which of the following tools is used for data collection?
check sheet
23. which is not a component testing (2m)
check the decision tables
18. the primary goal of comparing a user manual with the actual behavior of the running program during system testing is to
check the technical accuracy of the document
In the... earlier arrivals receive higher priorities in the priority scheme commonly rederred to as FCFS(first come, first served) ir FIFO(first in, first ount)
classical queues
27. Which of the following is a static test?
code inspection
27. which of the following is a static test?
code inspection
Which of the following is a static test
code inspection
Which of the following is a static test?
code inspection
29 Unreachable code would best be found using:
code reviews
Unreachable code would best be found using:
code reviews
Two or more loops can be
combined through nesting (one inside another) and con- catenation
29. find the mismatch (2m)
configuration management tools - check for consistence
CPR
connects individual services and provides the basic state transitions and transition probabilities for our UMMs
the specific problems need to be counted and tracked...
consistenly
The basic testing models
constructed based on the simple assumption that the...
the operational profiles (OPs) need to be
constructed with customer and user input
51. Which of the following tools is used to study how a process changes over time?
control chart
The most important activity associated with defect handling is defect resolution, which ensures that each discovered defect is
corrected or taken care of through appropriate actions.
what is not an activity of analysis and follow-up for failed run
criticize the owner of the defect
7. What is NOT a step of defect handling?
criticize the person who made the defects
43. Which is not a product segment of segmented models?
customized software
which is not a product segment of segmented models?
customized software
26. which is not a black box testing technique (1m)
decision testing
generally refers to a problem in the software, which may lead to undesirable consequences for both the software developmentlmaintenance organizations and the software users
defect
Defect impact, with attribute values covering functionality, reliability, etc, Defecttrigger, with attributevaluescorrespondingtothe specifictypesoftesting or inspection activitiesor scenarios that triggered the defect detection Defect severity, with commonlyused attributevalues: critical, major, minor, or some numerical scale
defect discovery
If the information about defect injection time is available,it can be used to augmentthe defect removal models into the so called
defect dynamics model
what is not a part of the cost of fault tolerance
defect fixing cost
key defect attributes from the failure view from ODC, by IDM 1992 are..
defect impact, defect trigger, defect severity
keys information from the fault view from ODC, by IDM 1992 are..
defect impact, defect trigger, defect severity
which is not an orthogonal defect classification (ODC)
defect model
problem like system errors or conceptual mistakes, can be dealded by...
defect prevention
Defect handling is not closely associated with
defect prevention.
which of the following is not key attribute of defects
defect type
what is not defect handling rule
defects are used to punish owners
'Defect Density' calculated in terms of
defects identified,divided by the size
A failure is
departure from specified behaviour
35 A failure is:
departure from specified behaviour.
35) a failure is:
departure from specified behaviour.
35. a failure is:
departure from specified behaviour.
24. which of the following is not the integration strategy?
design based
The purpose of Cause-Effect diagram using is NOT to
determine what are the problems
From the current state, the next state to visit
determined by the input.
which is the preferred approach to quality planning?
develop a quality plan - updating may be needed during excution
Given the following types of tool, which tools would typically be used by developers and which by an independent test team:
developers would typically use i and iv; test team ii, iii, v and vi
21 Given the following types of tool, which tools would typically be used by
developers would typically use i, iv and vi; test team ii, iii and v
15. There is a defect: the web system cannot run in PC of average configuration. Which characteristic is this defect?
efficiency
35. a project that is in the implementation phase is six weeks behind schedule
eliminate some of the requirements that have not yet been implemente
28 An important benefit of code inspections is that they:
enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is read
An important benefit of code inspections is that they:
enable the code to be tested before the execution environment is ready.
10) which one of the following statements about system testing is not true?
end-users should be involved in system tests.
10. which one of the following statements about system testing is not true?
end-users should be involved in system tests.
Transition probability threshold to
ensure commonly used operation pairs, their in-terconnections and
Stationary probability threshold to
ensure that frequently visited states are covered and adequately tested.
21. which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? it can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
equivalence partitioning
25. Which of the following is a black box design technique?
equivalence partitioning
25. which of the following is a black box design technique?
equivalence partitioning
6. when testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from
equivalence partitioning
7. technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage (1m)
equivalence partitioning
Which of the following is a black box design technique
equivalence partitioning
Which of the following is a black box design technique?
equivalence partitioning
we simply select one item for testing at a time from the subset as a representative of the corresponding
equivalent class until we have exhausted all the subsets
11. which is not the project risks (2m)
error-prone software deliverer
Why does the boundary value analysis provide good test cases?
errors are frequently made
In trying to reach a specific state, each test case is
essentially a series of input values that enables us to make
Checking for extra states and transitions can follow
essentially the same procedure by cross-validating them with the information sources
14. a project manager has been transferred to a major software development project that is in the implementation phas
establish a relationship with the customer
For each defect attribute,theoverall distributionofits values can be
examined
the limited capability for fault tolerance is achieved through fault avoidance also due to...
execution condition that does not involve the faulty code triggered in the first place
16. What does belong the formal testing?
execution following test cases by professional tester
20. which is not a testing principle (2m)
exhaustive testing
What statement about expected outcomes is FALSE:
expected outcomes are defined by the software?s behavior
34 What statement about expected outcomes is FALSE:
expected outcomes are defined by the software?s behaviour
37. test charters are used in testing
exploratory testing
Checklists
extensively used, particularly for step 3, individual checking
maintenance releases and technical assistance centers are examples of which of the following costs of quality? (3m)
external failure
41. Which is not parameter of queuing testing?
extreme|point combination
A boundary is where two sub-domains meet. When inequalities are used to define sub-domains as above, the following equation would give us a specific boundary:
f(x1,x2,...xn) = K ,
An input sub-domain is a subset of the input domain. In general, a sub-domain can be defined by a set of inequalities in the form of
f(x1,x2,...xn)< K ,
In an n-dimensional space, a boundary defined by an equation in the form of
f(x~,xi!, *. .yxn) = K
A configuration management system would NOT normally provide
facilities to compare test results with expected results
Product-specific models provide rough quality estimates based on empirical data from in-dustry
false
Sometimes formal removal activity can be associated with the completion of some major tasks or occurrence of some significant events
false
The assignment of individual pieces for inspection among the inspectors needs to take two issues into consideration: overall coverage and steps execute
false
generalized models provide more precise quality assessments using product-specific measurements
false
when there are multiple inlinks to a node, the actual execution will follow one of these
false
problem like aperational failures in small areas, can be dealed by...
fault tolerance
Which models are more widely applicable and less cost?
generalized models
Depending on whether product-specific measurements and results are used and provided, we can classify existing quality assessment models into two broad categories
generalized models and product-speciJicmodels
FSM-based testing
generally suitable for systems with clearly identifiable states and state transitions.
which is not a generic step of test model construction?
generate test cases
25 A typical commercial test execution tool would be able to perform all of the
generating expected outputs
The puipose of Cause-Effect diagram using is NOT to
group the root causes of a problem
Some complex interactions of different system components or among major system functions are
hard or impossible to describe using checklists
Some of the basic assumptions in those extensions include:
here is a finite number of stages or lists,Each stage or list is unique, that is, no stage or list ,The final choices made through multiple stages or lists are uni
the DDGs typically show the following characteristics
here is usually one output data item,There are typically more input variables and constants,Multiple inlinks are common,Since the DDG is typically shown
In... there is always a unique path from the root to each leaf node
hierarchical lists
can be used to capture information about software design, code, size, change history, etc
high-risk or potentially high-defect modules, various software metrics
8. a measurement tool that is a vertical bar graph based on numerical information is a:
histogram
28. "the tracing of requirements for a test level through the layers of a test documentation" done by
horizontal tracebility
what is the focus of system test?
how the system works as a whole under the operational environment
31. change request should be submitted through development or program management. a change request must be written and should include the following criteri
i, ii and iv
32. „entry criteria? should address questions such as
i, ii and iv
34. the bug tracking system will need to capture these phases for each bug. i. phase injected
i, ii and iv
11. which of the following statements is true about a software verification and validation program?
i, ii&iv
6 Consider the following statements about early test design:
i, iii & iv are true. Ii & v are false
Consider the following statements about early test design
i, iii & iv are true. Ii & v are false
Consider the following statements about early test design:
i, iii & iv are true. Ii & v are false
16. which of the following functions is typically supported by a software quality information system?
i, iii &iv
The information, providedby testers at defect discovery, includes
impact,trigger, severity,week
the technique can be classified either as white-box or black-box , depending on whether the... is used in analysis and modelling
implementation information
TAR is
important because many of the individual services can be viewed as stand-alone ones in web-based applications
30. you are a tester for testing a large system. the system data model is very large with many attributes and there are a lot of inter dependencies with in the fields.
improve super vision, more reviews of artifacts or program means stage containment of the defects.
13) which of the following is not true of incidents?
incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test.
13. which of the following is not true of incidents?
incident resolution is the responsibility of the author of the software under test.
11. which of the following is false?
incidents should always be fixed.
Why is incremental integration preferred over "big bang" integration?
incremental integration has better early
the overall process can be viewed as consisting of several
increments or iterations
Repeated use of recovery blocks for the same situations may be an
indication of software problems instead of
The oracle assumption
is that the tester can routinely identify the correct outcome of a tes
we also need to monitor these ____ quality measurements and analyze them using various quality assessment models, so that we can assure and improve quality by controlling these indirect entities, particularly in the early part of software development process
indirect
the most important areas where partition-based testing has made a strong impact
input domain testing
problem like static & localized faults, can be dealed by...
inspection
which QA alternative is better to identify conceptual problems
inspection
Which of the following statements is NOT true:
inspection is appropriate even
24 Which of the following statements is NOT true:
inspection is appropriate even when there are no written documents
Which of the following statements is NOT true:
inspection is appropriate even when there are no written documents
26. big bang approach is related to
integration testing
failures are involved in verification activities, we are typically dealing with
internal system failures and overall system failures in the form of incorrect behavior
which one is not generic method for information gathering and OP construcion?
investigation
11. An incident logging system
is a valuable source of project information during testing if it contains all incidents
11. an incident logging system
is a valuable source of project information during testing if it contains all incidents
An incident logging system
is a valuable source of project information during testing if it contains all incidents
An incident logging system
is a valuable source of project information during testing if it contains all incidents d. should be used only by the test team.
24. demographic information:
is a way to classify individual respondents
4 Testing should be stopped when:
it depends on the risks for the system being tested
Testing should be stopped when:
it depends on the risks for the system being tested
what is the strategy error source removal for defect prevention?
it identifies common error sources and removing them
18) which of the following is true of the v-model?
it includes the verification of designs.
18. which of the following is true of the v-model?
it includes the verification of designs.
The primary limitation of FSM-based testing is
its inability to handle large number of states.
30. the principle of cyclomatic complexity, considering l as edges or links, n as nodes, p as independent paths (2m)
l-n +2p
...represents the relation "is followed by"
links
which test technique is used to verifi that a web site can...
load testing
root cause analysses can be performed on the product under development to identify the common defect and
logical & statistical lanalysis
Defect causal analysis can usually take two forms
logical analysis and statistical analysis.
Defect handling is implicitly assumed to be part of the project
management activities, which is handled in similar ways as configuration management.
7. all of the following might be done during unit testing except
manual support testing
which model for FSMs is used in book "software quality engineering"?
mealy model
We define quality assessment models as analytical models that provide quantitative assessment of selected quality characteristics or sub-characteristics based on
measurement data from software projects
15. PM has to collect efforts of all member to fill weekly report. At which level in this measurement?
medium|gain
28. a software model that can?t be used in functional testing (2m)
menu structure model
25. testing of software used to convert data from existing systems for use in replacement systems
migration testing
In... each individual choice can be represented as a point in the multi- dimensional space
multi-dimensional list
For nonlinear boundaries
n points are not enough to define the boundary
10. Testware(test cases, test dataset)
needs configuration management just like requirements, design and code
Test-ware (test cases, test dataset)
needs configuration management just like requirements, design and code
Testware(test cases, test dataset)
needs configuration management just like requirements, design and code
10. testware(test cases, test dataset)
needs configuration management just like requirements, design and code b. should be newly constructed for each new version of the software
The subsets are mutually exclusive, that is,
no two subsets share any common member
54. Which set of metrics can be used to monitor the test execution?
number of test cases run & not run; test cases passed & failed
This model also includes a predictive element, enabling the user of this model to estimate model parameters from product and process characteristics even before actual failures are
observed
For test oracles, we can take advantage
of the internal or intermediate steps in CFT to sample intermediate states for some consistency conditions.
Extreme-point combination
one of the oldest domain testing strategies that are still used by people and supported by some testing tools
the product release criterion based on results from acceptance testing
one ofthe primary use ofIDRMs
A complete path, or simply a path is
one that starts from an entry node, follows a number of links and visits a number
49. What is not an activity after releases?
only fix the defects if it is paid by the customer
12. poor software characteristics are (3m)
only product risks
Checklists of system elements (white-box) at different levels of granularity,
ranging from sub-systems and modules at the high level to individual
Test managers should not:
re-allocate resource to meet original plans
The difference between re-testing and regression testing is
re-testing ensures the original fault has been removed; regression testing looks for unexpected sideeffects
The difference between re-testing and regression testing is
re-testing is running a test again; regression testing looks for unexpected side effects
FSM-based testing has
received significant attention is the testing of object-oriented software and systems
12. Increasing the quality of the software, by better development methods, will affect the
reducing test time
12. increasing the quality of the software, by better development methods, will affect the time needed for testing (the test phases) by:
reducing test time
Increasing the quality of the software, by better development methods, will affect the time needed for testing (the test phases)
reducing test time
Increasing the quality of the software, by better development methods, will affect the time needed for testing (the test phases) by:
reducing test time
2) which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities?
regression testing
2. which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities?
regression testing
24. item transmittal report is also known as
release note
...can be defined as the probability of a software system to perform its specified functions correctly over a long period of time or for different input sets under the usage environments similar to that of its target customers
reliability
10. Which one is more meaningful to users?
reliability
what is the capability of software to maintain its performance under stated conditions for a stated time period?
reliability
both failure and input state measurement
reliability modeling
6. What is not a kind of defect analyses?
requirement analysis
in which phases of waterfall process in defect..
requirement analysis and design
Which of the following requirements is testable?
response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load.
38) which of the following statements about reviews is true?
reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans.
38. which of the following statements about reviews is true?
reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans.
when is defect prevention effectively
right at the beginning of the product development
32 Which expression best matches the following characteristics or review
s = 4 and 5, t = 3, u = 2, v =
Which expression best matches the following characteristics or review processes:
s = 4 and 5, t = 3, u = 2, v = 1
19. which is not the software characteristics (1m)
scalability
11. a measurement tool that studies the potential relationship between two variables is a:
scatter diagram
4. who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were identified during the review meeting (2m)
scribe
A common way to obtain usable checklists is to
select items from several exhaustive checklists based on some criteria and to combine them
it can be used to support statistical testing by some random sampling procedure to
select test cases according to the probability distribution and execute them
each operation in the OP corresponds to certain test cases specifically constructed or
selected from existing ones to specifically test this system operation
formal verification and analysis techniques are usu-ally used...instead of uniformly on all system components
selectively
which are not subcate gories of generalized models
semi-customized models
which models are used for better estimation
semi-customized models
17. during the testing of a module tester „x? finds a bug and assigned it to developer. but developer rejects the same, saying that it?s not a bug. what „x? should do?
send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility
14) which of the following is not described in a unit test standard?
stress testing
14. which of the following is not described in a unit test standard?
stress testing
Which of the following is not described in a unit test standard
stress testing
Which of the following is not described in a unit test standard?
stress testing
we can sample one test case from inside each... in the partition
subset
Error guessing
supplements formal test design techniques
6 Error guessing:
supplements formal test design techniques.
6) error guessing:
supplements formal test design techniques.
6. error guessing:
supplements formal test design techniques.
Error guessing:
supplements formal test design techniques.
14 Which of the following is not described in a unit test standard?
syntax testing
58. Which tool can be used to reduce syntactical problems in programs?
syntax|directed editor
is mainly used to assess the overall quality from a customer's perspective, and is executed in an environmentthat attempts to resemble the actual usage environmentby target customers
system testing
The use of OPs can foster better communications with
target customers and help establish and maintain better customer relations
which is not correct about verification and validation in software processes?
team can only focus on validation and ignore verification
24) which of these activities provides the biggest potential cost saving from the use of cast?
test execution
24. which of these activities provides the biggest potential cost saving from the use of cast?
test execution
In prioritising what to test, the most important objective is to
test high risk areas
8 Test coverage criteria can be measured in terms of items exercised by a prioritising what to test, the most important objective is to:
test high risk areas.
8) in prioritising what to test, the most important objective is to:
test high risk areas.
8. in prioritising what to test, the most important objective is to:
test high risk areas.
Test cases are designed during
test specification
39 Test cases are designed during:
test specification.
39) test cases are designed during:
test specification.
39. test cases are designed during:
test specification.
26. When is the model "Project oriented" applied for test team organization?
test team can perform many different types of testing
13. a test manager wants to use the resources available for the automated testing of a web application. the best choice is
tester, test automater, web specialist, dba
Problem like dynamic failures & related faults, can be dealed by...
testing
which QA alternative is better at detecting interaction problems involving multiple comonents?
testing
what is not correct about testing and inspection?
testing and inspection...alternatives
31 What information need not be included in a test incident report:
the actual and expected outcomes
What information need not be included in a test incident report:
the actual and expected outcomes
Static analysis is best described as
the analysis of program code
33 Static analysis is best described as:
the analysis of program code.
33) static analysis is best described as:
the analysis of program code.
33. static analysis is best described as:
the analysis of program code.
32. which is not a test oracle (2m)
the cod
Software verification activities check
the conformance of a software system to its specifications
24. What is NOT true about Quality cost?
the cost for Fault tolerance is low
One significant different between queuing testing and input domain boundary testing
the dynamic and continuous nature of the former as compared with...
9. which of the following characteristics is primarily associated with software reusability?
the extent to which the software can be used in other applications
6.In which order should tests be run?
the most important tests first
6.in which order should tests be run?
the most important tests first
In which order should tests be run
the most important tests first
In which order should tests be run?
the most important tests first
what is used to measure the effectiveness of inspections
the number and severity of defect found by inspection
what is used to measure the effectiveness of inspections
the number and severity of defects found by ispection
3. lost profits are:
the number of customers lost, times their average revenue value, times your profit margin
3. „defect density? calculated in terms of
the number of defects identified in a component or system divided by the size of the component or the system
obvious drawback to web testing using such FSMs
the number of web pages for even a moderate-sized web site can be thousands or much more
16. What is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
the objective of the test
16. what is the important criterion in deciding what testing technique to use?
the objective of the test
System testing, where the focus is
the overall set of system functions to be provided to users
Constructive information and guidancefor quality improvement, Early availability and stability,Accuracy
the primary criteria
1. What is the focus of Descriptive specifications?
the properties associated with software products and their components
what is the focus of descriptive specifications?
the properties associated with sofware prodcuts and their components
Another significant difference
the qualitative difference in the huge number of navigational pages
defined to be the probabilityof its failure-free operations for a specificdurationunder a specific environment
the reliability of a software system
Enough testing has been performed when
the required level of confidence has been achieved
12 Enough testing has been performed when:
the required level of confidence has been achieved.
12) enough testing has been performed when:
the required level of confidence has been achieved.
12. enough testing has been performed when:
the required level of confidence has been achieved.
50. Which of the following requirements is testable?
the response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load
4) which of the following requirements is testable?
the response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load.
4. which of the following requirements is testable?
the response time shall be less than one second for the specified design load.
what is/are general approach(es) commonly used to analyze reliability?
time domain approach and input domain approach
Two general approaches are commonly used to analyze reliability
time domain approach, Input domain approach
what is the purpose of risk if it occurs
to avoid the occurrence of the risk
45. What is the purpose of risk plan for mitigation actions?
to avoid the occurrence the risk
When high quality requirements need
to be met or specific types of problems that weak 1 x 1 cannot address are suspected
An extra boundary would likely
to cause some of these IN points to receive different processing if it separates them apart
Overallprobability threshold for complete end-to-end operations
to ensure that commonly used complete operation sequences
what is the purpose of regression test?
to ensure the dect has been removed
The basic idea of domain testing
to generate test cases by assigning specific values to input variables based on some analyses of the input domain
3.What is the main reason for testing software before releasing it?
to give information for a risk based decision about release
3.what is the main reason for testing software before releasing it?
to give information for a risk based decision about release
Poor software and poor testing
to give information for a risk based decision about release
What is the main reason for testing software before releasing it
to give information for a risk based decision about release
What is the main reason for testing software before releasing it?
to give information for a risk based decision about release
36. What is the purpose of Pareto charts?
to identify what most important problem are
14. the software engineer's role in tool selection is (3m)
to identify, evaluate, and rank tools, and recommend tools to management
18. What is the main advantage of testing techniques based on checklists or partitions?
to make testing easy to perform under practical situations
31. fpa is used to (2m)
to measure the size of the functionality of an information system
30. What is the purpose of risk plan for contingency actions?
to minimize the impact of the risk if it occurs
10 What is the purpose of test completion criteria in a test plan:
to plan when to stop testing
What is the purpose of test completion criteria in a test plan:
to plan when to stop testing
21) which of the following should not normally be an objective for a test?
to prove that the software is correct.
21. which of the following should not normally be an objective for a test?
to prove that the software is correct.
The simplest strategy is
to sample one test point from inside each sub-domain in the partition, thus achieving complete coverage of all the sub-domains
9 Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for
to specify which modules to combine when and how many at once
Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for integration testing in the small?
to specify which modules to combine when and how many at once
Generalization of product-specific models when enough empirical evidence from different products or projects is accumulated
true
accuracy of analysis results can be measured by the difference(error) between pre-dict and actual results
true
customizution of generalized quality models to provide better quality estimates when product-specific information is availble
true
even for this fairly simple program, the number of test cases to cover all the input value combinations is beyond the testing resource for any organization
true
the data flow is the mechanism that data are carried along during program excution
true
the more likely that the analynis results can be used more effectively to drive defect prevention actions
true
6. Which analysis type is the report of defect data by types and severity?
two|way analysis
Which is NOT sub
type of Product|specific models? | Dynamic model
The team size
typically about four to six.
CFT is
typically applicable as a white-box testing technique to small programs
Each corrected or fixed defect needs to be re-verified to ensure failure-free executions
under the same execution conditions
QIP includes three interconnected steps
understanding, assessing, and packaging.
39. Project team has some mis
understandings about the requirements. It leads to many problems and rework in design, coding, and testing activities. Which area can be the problem addressed? | development processes knowledge
9 Given the following sets of test management terms (v-z), and activity
v-3,w-4,x-1,y-5,z-2
9. given the following sets of test management terms (v-z., and activity descriptions (1-5., which one of the following best pairs the two sets? v - test control w - test monitoring x - test estimation y - incident management z - configuration control 1 - calculation of required test resources 2 - maintenance of record of test results 3 - re-allocation of resources when tests verrun 4 - report on deviation from test plan 5 - tracking of anomalous test results
v-3,w-4,x-1,y-5,z-2
Given the following sets of test management terms (v-z), and activity descriptions (1-5), which one of the following best pairs the two sets
v-3,w-4,x-1,y-5,z-2
Given the following sets of test management terms (v-z), and activity descriptions (1-5), which one of the following best pairs the two sets?
v-3,w-4,x-1,y-5,z-2
20. in practice, which life cycle model may have more, fewer or different levels of development and testing, depending on the project and the software product. for example, there may be component integration testing after component testing, and system integration testing after system testing.
v-model
33. "this life cycle model is basically driven by schedule and budget risks" this
v-model
fault tolerance and safety assurance, are more closely related to
validation activities than verification ...
including classification and analysis techniques based on statistical analysis, learning, and pattern matching
various new techniques have been developed or adapted for risk identification purposes useful statistical techniques for multivariate data (Venables and Ripley, 1994)|Principal component analysis and discriminant analysis
4. which of the following statements is not true
verification activities should not involve testers (reviews, inspections etc)
validation deals directly with users and their requirements while
verification deals with internal product specifications
Some specific follow-up activities include
verification of the intended paths against coverage target a
The formal verification part naturally falls into verification activities,
verifying the program or design correctness with respect to its formal specifications
2 Regression testing should be performed:
w & y are true, v, x & z are false
Regression testing should be performed:
w & y are true, v, x & z are false
36. one person has been dominating the current software process improvement meeting which of the following techniques should the facilitator use to bring other team members into the discussion? (3m)
wait for the person to pause, acknowledge the person? s opinion, and ask for someone else? s opinion
after testing the inner loop independently
we can fix the inner loop with a single test case when we test the outer loop
accuracy, simplicity, early availability and stability,ease of result interpretation, constructive information and guidance for quality improvement, and availability of tool support
we compare these risk identification techniques according to several criteria
if some operations have very low probability of usage,
we could omit them in the OP
If such a strategy sounds too restrictive
we may combine it with a randomly selected inner loop test
5. Which question can Defect distribution analysis help to answer?
what are the defects and when were the defect found
2. quality is:
whatever the customer says it is
The most common situations for this kind of problems to occur is
when computational procedures are defined for individual sub-domains
14. When should you stop testing?
when the test completion criteria have been met
14. when should you stop testing?
when the test completion criteria have been met
When should you stop testing
when the test completion criteria have been met
When should you stop testing?
when the test completion criteria have been met
distribution over defect location is to answer the question
where are the defects found
The situation is much worse than in CFT
where only execution path is analyzed but not the detail
Defect prevention deals with error source elimination and error blocking,
while both verification and validation deal with failures and faults
The CFGs constructed in this way
white-box testing models
5. an expert based test estimation is also known as
wide band delphi
The use of loops
would significantly complicate the DDGs
27. What is Equivalent class?
xx
Defect source, with attribute values: vendor code, new code, base code, etc. Where thedefect was injected, located to subsystems, modules,orcomponents. When the defect was injected, typically identified with the development phase.
yield defect informationand related attributes
27 In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
£33501
27) in a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: an employee has £4000 of salary tax free. the next £1500 is taxed at 10% the next £28000 is taxed at 22% any further amount is taxed at 40% to the nearest whole pound, which of these is a valid boundary value analysis test case?
£33501
36 In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
£5800; £28000; £32000
36) in a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: an employee has £4000 of salary tax free. the next £1500 is taxed at 10% the next £28000 is taxed at 22% any further amount is taxed at 40% which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
£5800; £28000; £32000
36. in a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: an employee has £4000 of salary tax free. the next £1500 is taxed at 10% the next £28000 is taxed at 22% any further amount is taxed at 40% which of these groups of numbers would fall into the same equivalence class?
£5800; £28000; £32000
In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
£5800; £28000; £32000