MCAT Summer 2017: Physics ALL FORMULAS - Translational motion, Center of Mass/Collisions, Newton's Laws, Work &Energy, Force& Torque, Electromagneticism

simple machines do what? simple machines include: 1. ramp 2. lever 3. pulley 4.hydraulic lifts

-reduce the force required to do a given amount of work -this is referred to as mechanical advantage *this doesn't reduce the amount of work that must be done *the energy is conserved and the amount of work to be done is CONSTANT!

how many meters in 1 mile?

1 mile = 1,610 meters

equilibrium (3 features)

1. no net force 2. no net torque *objects in equilibrium may be moving but they are not accelerating

Which of the following statement is true regarding ? 1. the object moves with constant velocity 2.the object would move in a straight line if there were no forces acting on it

1. the object moves with constant velocity =FALSE The object does not move with constant velocity since velocity constantly changes in direction but remains the same in magnitude. 2. the object would move in a straight line if there were no forces acting on it = TRUE

magnetic fields (2 features)

1.cannot accelerate a charged particle from rest 2.do no work on a charged particle

How many seconds are in an hr?

3600 seconds

capacitance formula 2 capacitance of parallel plates ex)

A = area E0 = permittivity of free space E0 = 8.85*10^-12 F/m A = area of overlap of 2 plates d = distance between plates in meter (separation of 2 plates)

for determining displacement when given constant acceleratioj, determine what?

AVERAGE velocity va=(vf + vi)/ range of time

Newton's First Law

An object at rest stays at rest An object in motion stays in motion (constant velocity) unless unbalanced force acts upon it

capacitance formula

C = Q/V

capacitance units for capacitance

C = capacitance, farad Q = charge V = potential difference or voltage

efficiency formula

E = (output work)/(input work)

Electrostatic force formula

F = electrostatic force k = constant q = test charge Q = source charge r = distance between center of masses

true or false statement? an object cannot accelerate if it is moving at a constant speed EXAMPLE????

FALSE Therefore you can move at constant speed but still accelerate by changing *direction* EXAMPLE: think of a particle moving in a circle at a constant speed, this is centripetal acceleration

Heat Pump/Fridge = reversed Carnot cycle

Heat is released Q= - Work is absorbed W = + Qh = Qc + W W = Qh-Qc W = (heat in) - (heat out)

Instantaneous velocity

Instantaneous velocity represents the velocity at a specific instant in time.

mechanical advantage formula 2

MA = (weight of object to be supported)/(applied force needed to support the object)

Parallel Plate Capacitor: k value is....

Parallel Plate Capacitor k = relative permittivity of the dielectric material between the plates. k=1 for free space, k>1 for all media, approximately =1 for air. The Farad, F, is the SI unit for capacitance, and from the definition of capacitance is seen to be equal to a Coulomb/Volt.

power formula 2

Power = F*v*cos(theta)

Torque formula

T = rFsin(theta) clockwise = NEGATIVE (-) torque counterclockwise = POSITIVE (+) torque

true or false statement? an increase in speed must mean that the object experienced an increase in acceleration;

TRUE An object can only experience an increase in speed if it is accelerated

The Reversed Carnot cycle

The Carnot heat-engine cycle described is a totally reversible cycle. That is, all the processes that comprise it can be reversed, in which case it becomes the Carnot refrigeration cycle. This time, the cycle remains exactly the same except that the directions of any heat and work interactions are reversed. Heat is absorbed from the low-temperature reservoir, heat is rejected to a high-temperature reservoir, and a work input is required to accomplish all this. The P-V diagram of the reversed Carnot cycle is the same as for the Carnot cycle except that the directions of the processes are reversed.

carnot cycle carnot heat pump = fridge

The cycle may also be reversed. The system may be worked upon by an external force, and in the process, it can transfer thermal energy from a cooler system to a warmer one, thereby acting as a refrigerator or heat pump rather than a heat engine.

voltage formula 2

V = Q/C

Define vector 9 examples

a quantity having direction as well as magnitude ex) 1. velocity (m/s) 2.acceleration (m/s^2 or 3.force 4. displacement (m) 5. weight (N) 6.momentum (kg/m^2) 7. electric field 8. magnetic field 9. torque

Define scalar 11 examples

a quantity with ONLY a magnitude ex) 1.work 2.speed (m/s) 3.coefficients of friction (u) 4.energy (j) 5. distance (m) 6.mass (kg) 7. temperature 8. entropy (S) 9. time (s) 10. power (work/time or J/s) 11. density (m/v) 12. potential difference V, resistance (ohm), current (A)

average velocity has 2 formulas

also va = (change in x)/t

define inertia

an object's ability to resist motion

carnot cycle

as the gas expands, work is done by the system w = - V = increases as the gas expands, work is done by the system w = + V = decreases as the gas compresses, work is done on the system

constant velocity is like..

average velocity

when given distance time vi = 0 in order to find v

d = (1/2)a*t^2 first find acceleration then plug a into a =v/t

forces on a falling object

drag = v^2 The force of air resistance is proportional to the square of the velocity. At the beginning, there is no upward force. As the object falls through the sky, the force of air resistance increases and increases to oppose the force due to gravity.

Force formula

force = mass*acceleration

What is an action reaction pair?

force of a horse on a cart vs force of the car on the horse

magnetic field strength is greatest at.... weakest at...

greatest at.... one of the poles weakest at... midpoint magnetic field lines converge at each pole

the projectiles speed at its maximum height is the horizontal velocity (no vertical velocity)....

horizontal velocity is at a minimum speed; also horizontal velocity is constant throughout the fall!

kinematic formulas

kinematic formulas

log1 = log2= log3= log4= log5= log6= log7= log8= log9=

log1 = 0 log2=0.3 log3=0.477 log4= .60 log5= .70 log6= .80 log7= .85. 1og8= .90 log9= .95 log10= 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XDoFKQmOZbk used to solve for pH and pka

moving at a constant speed means....

no acceleration or unbalanced forces!

Pacemakers

pulse discharges of current (or voltage); the timing of such devices can be controlled by a variable resistor; because it has small periods of current (when it charges its internal capacitor), it has brief moments where there is a magnetic field resulting from current carrying wires;

radius formula (includes magnetic fields)

r = (mv)/(qB)

What is a requirement for uniform linear motion equations?

requirement: constant acceleration EK1001 problem 30

static equilibrium vs dynamic equilibrium

static equilibrium: if all velocities are zero; vs dynamic equilibrium: if any velocities are non-zero, but all velocities are constant;

If the acceleration of an object is in a direction opposite to the velocity ....

then the object should be decelerating

the electric field between 2 parallel plates of a parrallel plate capacitor is...

uniform electric field E = V/d

IF acceleration is constant, what formula can you use for Instantaneous velocity?

v = vi + at use kinematic formula v =Instantaneous velocity

TRUE OR FALSE An object with zero velocity and at a constant velocity are considered similar states An object with zero acceleration and at a constant acceleration are considered similar states

velocity = TRUE acceleration = FALSE