MCC mortuary science chemistry test 4

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What are the correct steps in the partial oxidation series of methane

(ALL) 1. Methane, methanol, methanal, methanoic acid, carbon dioxide, water 2. Methane, methyl alcohol, formic acid, carbon dioxide, water 3. CH4, CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH, CH2+H2O

Shelf life for embalming fluid

2-5 years

How many carbons does Benzaldehyde have

7

In arterial fluids glycols act as

Humectant

The function of glycerol in embalming fluids

Humectant

Water retention chemical employed in arterial fluids

Humectant

Polyhydroxy alcohols are added to arterial fluids to act as

Humectants

Modifying agents added to arterial fluids

Humectants, buffers, surfactants

Most often used as fillers

Perlite, cellulose

Hardening agent found in hardening compound

Plaster of paris

Complete oxidation involves

Removal of all hydrogen from the carbon

Complete reduction involves

Removal of all oxygen from the carbon

The action formaldehyde has on proteins is

Reversible in the presence of water

Gels are used to treat surface problems such as

bed sores

Simplest of aromatic aldehydes

benzaldehyde

Which is not important in determining the shelf life of arterial fluids

cost

involves the process of preservation, disinfection and restoration of deceased human bodies

embalming chemistry

determined by the total amount of formaldehyde with which protein will combine to be completely preserved

formaldehyde demand

currently the most often used preservative in embalming process is

methanal and formaldehyde

the cross-linking that takes place between protein molecules and embalmed tissue occurs between ____ in the adjacent molecules

nitrogen atoms

Function of methanal in embalming fluid is a

preservative

Phenol when used in arterial formulation serves as a

preservative

components of embalming solutions used to inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins that amino acids

preservatives

complete oxidation involves

removal of all the hydrogens from the carbons

complete reduction involves

removal of all the oxygen from the compound

the action of formaldehyde has on proteins is

reversible in the presence in an abundance of water

caused by the severe dehydration effect of formaldehyde on tissue

searine

Not characteristic of jaundice fluids

High formaldehyde index

Volcanic rock

Perlite

Esters have been added to arterial formulations to act as

Perfuming agents, masking agents

Which would not normally be present in cavity fluids

Active Dyes

Tincture refers to solution that has ________ as a solvent

Alcohol

Which of the following are used as preservatives in arterial fluids?

Aldehydes, alcohols, phenolic compounds

Proteins are compounds composed of many _______ linked together

Amino Acids

A remedy or other agent to counteract the effects of a poison.

Antidote

Which are basic types of embalming chemicals

Arterial, Cavity, Accessory

Digestion of cells by means of their own enzymes

Autolysis

Self destruction of the body by its own enzymes

Autolysis

Which are used as deoderants

Benzaldehyde, oil of cloves, oil of sassafras

Borax, Sodium, Citrates and EDTA are

Buffers

Substances that are used to maintain pH

Buffers

Which is not found in a pre-injection fluid

High concentration of formaldehyde

Used to treat hollow viscera of internal organs

Cavity fluids

Sawdust

Cellulose

Fluids employed at same time as preservatives

Co-injection

Decomposition of proteins caused by action of enzymes of aerobic bacteria

Decay

Hide odors

Deoderants, perfuming agents, masking agents

Add color to fluid and tissue

Dyes

Which is used as buffer in arterial fluid

EDTA

Which are dyes

Eosine, Ponceau red, erythrosine

Class of organic compounds most often employed as deoderants

Esters

Paraformaldehyde is a polymer of

Formaldehyde

Determined by the total amount of formaldehyde which protein will combine to be completely preserved

Formaldehyde demand

A 5 carbon dialdehyde

Glutaraldehyde

Which are used as humectants?

Glycerol, Sorbitol, Glycols, Lanolins

Special purpose fluids are classified as

Jaundice fluids(Low index), high index fluids

Emulsified oil used as a humectant and to give a soft texture to the skin

Lanolin

Special purpose autopsy chemicals are

Liquids, solids, gels

Major characteristic of pre-injection fluids

Little or no preservative

Most often used preservative

Methanal, Formaldehyde

Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by

Methanol

Oil of wintergreen is chemically

Methyl salicylate

Unlike arterial fluids cavity fluids to not typically contain

Modifying agents

What is the purpose of paradichlorobenzine in embalming powder

Mold inhibitor

The crosslinking that takes place between protein molecules in the embalmed tissue occurs between _____________ in the adjacent molecules.

Nitrogen atoms

Which are true of reactions with formaldehyde: exists in water as ethylene glycol, preserves amino acids by coagulation, converts biliveridin to bilirubin

None

Chemical most commonly found in hardening compound

Paraformaldehyde, aluminum chloride, alum

Glycerol, Sorbitol, Glycol are all

Polyhydroxy alcohols and humectants

What class of compounds is used as a humectant

Polyhydroxyalcohol

Fluids used prior to injection of preservative

Pre-injection

Components of embalming solutions used to inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids

Preservatives

Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes of anaerobic bacteria

Putrefaction

Which are supplemental germicides added to arterial fluids

Quaternary ammonium compounds, gluteraldehyde

Supplemental germicides often employed in preparation

Quatrenary ammonium compounds, gluteraldehyde

Caused by the severe dehydration effect of formaldehyde on tissue

Searing

Water conditioning agents used to sequester calcium in hard water

Sodium citrate, EDTA

Humectant used in modern embalming fluid

Sorbitol

Surface tension reducers allow water to flow through smaller openings

Sulfonates, Sodium lauryl sulfates

Which of the following are employed in embalming formulations as surfactants

Sulfonates, Sodium lauryl sulfates

Surface tension reducers

Surfactants

Which is false about arterial fluids

They are injected into body cavities

Harmful, destructive, or deadly; poisonous.

Toxic

A poison or poisonous agent.

Toxicant

The degree to which a poison is toxic.

Toxicity

The study of the nature, effects, and detection of poisons and the treatment of poisoning.

Toxicology

Any pathological condition resulting from poisoning.

Toxicosis

Producing poison or toxic substance.

Toxigenic

A poisonous substance, having a protein structure, secreted by certain organisms and capable of causing toxicosis when introduced into the body tissues, but also capable of inducing a counterpart or an antitoxin.

Toxin

A mixture of a toxin, as from diptheria, and its antitoxin with a slight excess of toxin, formerly used as a vaccine.

Toxin--Antitoxin

Potentially hazardous chemicals in embalming or present around the mortuary.

Toxins

A toxin that has lost toxicity, but has retained the capacity to stimulate the production of or combine with antitoxins used in immunizations.

Toxoid

Aqueous solution uses blank as the vehicle

Water

Which is most often used vehicle in arterial formulations

Water

Most commonly used vehicle in embalming

Water, Alcohol

which of the following are basic types of embalming chemicals: arterial chemicals, cavity chemicals, accessory chemicals

all of these

which of the following are the actions of preservative chemicals: 1. inactivate the groups of proteins and amino acids 2. inhibit decomposition 3. inactivate enzymes 4. kill microorganisms 5. destroy odors and eliminate their further production

all of these

which of the following are the correct steps in the partial oxidation series of methane: a. methane-methanol-methanal-methanoic acid-carbon dioxide and water b. methane-methyl alcohol-formaldehyde-formic acid-carbon dioxide and water c. CH₄-CH₃OH-HCHO-HCOOH-CO₂+H₂O

all of these

which of the following are the reactions associated with formaldehyde: 1. exists in water as methylene glycol 2. is prevented from polymerization to paraformaldehyde by the presence of methanol 3. preserves amino acids without coagulation 4. denatures preserves and coagulates proteins

all of these

which of the following are used as preservatives in arterial fluids: aldehydes, alcohols, phenolic compounds

all of these

Sodium citrate functions as an

anticoagulant


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