MCC mortuary science chemistry test 4
What are the correct steps in the partial oxidation series of methane
(ALL) 1. Methane, methanol, methanal, methanoic acid, carbon dioxide, water 2. Methane, methyl alcohol, formic acid, carbon dioxide, water 3. CH4, CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH, CH2+H2O
Shelf life for embalming fluid
2-5 years
How many carbons does Benzaldehyde have
7
In arterial fluids glycols act as
Humectant
The function of glycerol in embalming fluids
Humectant
Water retention chemical employed in arterial fluids
Humectant
Polyhydroxy alcohols are added to arterial fluids to act as
Humectants
Modifying agents added to arterial fluids
Humectants, buffers, surfactants
Most often used as fillers
Perlite, cellulose
Hardening agent found in hardening compound
Plaster of paris
Complete oxidation involves
Removal of all hydrogen from the carbon
Complete reduction involves
Removal of all oxygen from the carbon
The action formaldehyde has on proteins is
Reversible in the presence of water
Gels are used to treat surface problems such as
bed sores
Simplest of aromatic aldehydes
benzaldehyde
Which is not important in determining the shelf life of arterial fluids
cost
involves the process of preservation, disinfection and restoration of deceased human bodies
embalming chemistry
determined by the total amount of formaldehyde with which protein will combine to be completely preserved
formaldehyde demand
currently the most often used preservative in embalming process is
methanal and formaldehyde
the cross-linking that takes place between protein molecules and embalmed tissue occurs between ____ in the adjacent molecules
nitrogen atoms
Function of methanal in embalming fluid is a
preservative
Phenol when used in arterial formulation serves as a
preservative
components of embalming solutions used to inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins that amino acids
preservatives
complete oxidation involves
removal of all the hydrogens from the carbons
complete reduction involves
removal of all the oxygen from the compound
the action of formaldehyde has on proteins is
reversible in the presence in an abundance of water
caused by the severe dehydration effect of formaldehyde on tissue
searine
Not characteristic of jaundice fluids
High formaldehyde index
Volcanic rock
Perlite
Esters have been added to arterial formulations to act as
Perfuming agents, masking agents
Which would not normally be present in cavity fluids
Active Dyes
Tincture refers to solution that has ________ as a solvent
Alcohol
Which of the following are used as preservatives in arterial fluids?
Aldehydes, alcohols, phenolic compounds
Proteins are compounds composed of many _______ linked together
Amino Acids
A remedy or other agent to counteract the effects of a poison.
Antidote
Which are basic types of embalming chemicals
Arterial, Cavity, Accessory
Digestion of cells by means of their own enzymes
Autolysis
Self destruction of the body by its own enzymes
Autolysis
Which are used as deoderants
Benzaldehyde, oil of cloves, oil of sassafras
Borax, Sodium, Citrates and EDTA are
Buffers
Substances that are used to maintain pH
Buffers
Which is not found in a pre-injection fluid
High concentration of formaldehyde
Used to treat hollow viscera of internal organs
Cavity fluids
Sawdust
Cellulose
Fluids employed at same time as preservatives
Co-injection
Decomposition of proteins caused by action of enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Decay
Hide odors
Deoderants, perfuming agents, masking agents
Add color to fluid and tissue
Dyes
Which is used as buffer in arterial fluid
EDTA
Which are dyes
Eosine, Ponceau red, erythrosine
Class of organic compounds most often employed as deoderants
Esters
Paraformaldehyde is a polymer of
Formaldehyde
Determined by the total amount of formaldehyde which protein will combine to be completely preserved
Formaldehyde demand
A 5 carbon dialdehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Which are used as humectants?
Glycerol, Sorbitol, Glycols, Lanolins
Special purpose fluids are classified as
Jaundice fluids(Low index), high index fluids
Emulsified oil used as a humectant and to give a soft texture to the skin
Lanolin
Special purpose autopsy chemicals are
Liquids, solids, gels
Major characteristic of pre-injection fluids
Little or no preservative
Most often used preservative
Methanal, Formaldehyde
Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by
Methanol
Oil of wintergreen is chemically
Methyl salicylate
Unlike arterial fluids cavity fluids to not typically contain
Modifying agents
What is the purpose of paradichlorobenzine in embalming powder
Mold inhibitor
The crosslinking that takes place between protein molecules in the embalmed tissue occurs between _____________ in the adjacent molecules.
Nitrogen atoms
Which are true of reactions with formaldehyde: exists in water as ethylene glycol, preserves amino acids by coagulation, converts biliveridin to bilirubin
None
Chemical most commonly found in hardening compound
Paraformaldehyde, aluminum chloride, alum
Glycerol, Sorbitol, Glycol are all
Polyhydroxy alcohols and humectants
What class of compounds is used as a humectant
Polyhydroxyalcohol
Fluids used prior to injection of preservative
Pre-injection
Components of embalming solutions used to inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids
Preservatives
Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes of anaerobic bacteria
Putrefaction
Which are supplemental germicides added to arterial fluids
Quaternary ammonium compounds, gluteraldehyde
Supplemental germicides often employed in preparation
Quatrenary ammonium compounds, gluteraldehyde
Caused by the severe dehydration effect of formaldehyde on tissue
Searing
Water conditioning agents used to sequester calcium in hard water
Sodium citrate, EDTA
Humectant used in modern embalming fluid
Sorbitol
Surface tension reducers allow water to flow through smaller openings
Sulfonates, Sodium lauryl sulfates
Which of the following are employed in embalming formulations as surfactants
Sulfonates, Sodium lauryl sulfates
Surface tension reducers
Surfactants
Which is false about arterial fluids
They are injected into body cavities
Harmful, destructive, or deadly; poisonous.
Toxic
A poison or poisonous agent.
Toxicant
The degree to which a poison is toxic.
Toxicity
The study of the nature, effects, and detection of poisons and the treatment of poisoning.
Toxicology
Any pathological condition resulting from poisoning.
Toxicosis
Producing poison or toxic substance.
Toxigenic
A poisonous substance, having a protein structure, secreted by certain organisms and capable of causing toxicosis when introduced into the body tissues, but also capable of inducing a counterpart or an antitoxin.
Toxin
A mixture of a toxin, as from diptheria, and its antitoxin with a slight excess of toxin, formerly used as a vaccine.
Toxin--Antitoxin
Potentially hazardous chemicals in embalming or present around the mortuary.
Toxins
A toxin that has lost toxicity, but has retained the capacity to stimulate the production of or combine with antitoxins used in immunizations.
Toxoid
Aqueous solution uses blank as the vehicle
Water
Which is most often used vehicle in arterial formulations
Water
Most commonly used vehicle in embalming
Water, Alcohol
which of the following are basic types of embalming chemicals: arterial chemicals, cavity chemicals, accessory chemicals
all of these
which of the following are the actions of preservative chemicals: 1. inactivate the groups of proteins and amino acids 2. inhibit decomposition 3. inactivate enzymes 4. kill microorganisms 5. destroy odors and eliminate their further production
all of these
which of the following are the correct steps in the partial oxidation series of methane: a. methane-methanol-methanal-methanoic acid-carbon dioxide and water b. methane-methyl alcohol-formaldehyde-formic acid-carbon dioxide and water c. CH₄-CH₃OH-HCHO-HCOOH-CO₂+H₂O
all of these
which of the following are the reactions associated with formaldehyde: 1. exists in water as methylene glycol 2. is prevented from polymerization to paraformaldehyde by the presence of methanol 3. preserves amino acids without coagulation 4. denatures preserves and coagulates proteins
all of these
which of the following are used as preservatives in arterial fluids: aldehydes, alcohols, phenolic compounds
all of these
Sodium citrate functions as an
anticoagulant