MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

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A problem with the eighth cranial nerve can lead to which of the following disorders involving a sensation of movement when there is none?

vertigo

Pain that originates in an organ, such as the intestines, is called ________ pain.

visceral

Your patient is a 32-year-old woman who has taken an unknown quantity of unknown pills. All of the following are questions that you should ask during your assessment EXCEPT:

where did you get the substance

In order to appropriately restrain a patient:

you must believe the patient is a threat to himself or others.

Your patient has a disease of the bone, which is an imbalance in the rate of normal bone destruction and rebuilding, resulting in enlarged but weakened bones. What is this condition called?

Paget's disease

A condition in which toxins, which are often related to drug administration, cause detachment of areas of the epidermis and mucous membranes is:

Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

A major difference between stable and unstable angina is that unstable angina: A. responds more readily to treatment. B. indicates the patient's condition is improving. C. causes cardiac muscle cell death. D. is generally not relieved by rest.

D. is generally not relieved by rest.

If you suspect significant loss of blood volume due to vaginal bleeding, administer oxygen and start an IV of: A. hypertonic colloidal fluid. B. electrolytes. C. hypotonic crystalloid fluid. D. isotonic crystalloid fluid.

D. isotonic crystalloid fluid.

A patient who has been stabbed is losing blood. You know this will make it difficult for him to maintain his blood pressure because: A. his tissues become hypoxic. B. it increases his stroke volume. C. his vessels vasodilate. D. it decreases his preload.

D. it decreases his preload.

All of the following are TRUE regarding myoglobin EXCEPT: A. it can cause acute renal failure. B. it is released as a result of rhabdomyolysis. C. it results in dark tea- or cola-colored urine. D. it is toxic to the liver and pancreas.

D. it is toxic to the liver and pancreas.

Esophageal varices are most associated with: A. kidney disease. B. gastroesophageal reflux disease. C. pancreatitis. D. liver disease

D. liver disease

Esophageal varices are most associated with: A. kidney disease. B. gastroesophageal reflux disease. C. pancreatitis. D. liver disease.

D. liver disease.

A patient who is a regular swimmer and who has developed a sensation of pressure and pain in the ear as well as itching in the ear canal has: A. otitis media. B. labyrinthitis. C. Ménière's disease. D. otitis externa.

D. otitis externa.

A disease of the female reproductive tract that may be caused by bacteria, viral, or fungal infection is: A. endometriosis. B. ruptured ovarian cyst. C. ectopic pregnancy. D. pelvic inflammatory disease.

D. pelvic inflammatory disease.

The most accurate term for a hemorrhagic area in the skin over 3 mm in diameter is: A. hematuria. B. petechiae. C. pruritus. D. purpura.

D. purpura.

A frantic mother dialed 911 for her three-year-old daughter who stuck a small, dried bean into her ear. Assessment shows the bean to be lodged firmly in the ear canal. When treating this patient, the AEMT would: A. make one attempt to remove the bean with tweezers. B. gently flush the ear canal with sterile water until the bean is dislodged. C. have the patient follow up with her family physician. D. reassure the mother and transport the patient.

D. reassure the mother and transport the patient.

Your patient opens his eyes only when you pinch his shoulder. He has no verbal response and withdraws from pain. His Glasgow Coma score total is: A. two. B. three. C. four. D. seven.

D. seven.

The normal, regular rate of electrical activity for the heart is set by the: A. Purkinje fibers. B. atrioventricular node. C. bundle of His. D. sinoatrial node.

D. sinoatrial node.

All of the following are symptoms of otitis media EXCEPT: A. pus. B. pain. C. edema. D. sinus infection.

D. sinus infection.

When restraining a patient, all of the following apply EXCEPT: using the least amount of restraint necessary. preserving the dignity of the patient. using restraint as a punishment. ensuring the safety of your crew.

using restraint as a punishment.

When restraining a patient, all of the following apply EXCEPT:

using restraints as punishment

Which of the following is a hollow tubular passageway that connects the female external genitalia to the internal genitalia?

vagina

MODULE 87169797....

HEMOTOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC EMERGENCIES

Which of the following is considered a narcotic?

HEROIN ritalin mescaline crack

The pancreas secretes two major hormones, including: A) Prolactin. B) Calcitonin. C) Aldosterone. D) Glucagon.

D) Glucagon.

Which of the following is NOT a route of administration that may result in a toxicological emergency? A. Inhalation B. Absorption C. Diffusion D. Ingestion

C. Diffusion

Which of the following may be used in the treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)? A. Epinephrine B. Lidocaine C. Valsalva maneuvers D. Defibrillation

C. Valsalva maneuvers

A blow to the head can interfere with sound conduction by disrupting the ossicular chain or fracturing the: A. stapes. B. malleus. C. temporal bone. D. incus.

C. temporal bone.

When assessing a patient, what symptom might be present to help determine that the patient has Cushing's syndrome versus Addison's disease?

"Moon face" appearance

------------------------Module 5 Endocrine Disorders--------------------------------------

---------------------MODULE 3--------------------

---Abdominal Pain and GI Disorders---

What is the preferred route and dose of epinephrine for adult suffering from an anaphylactic reaction?

0.3-0.5 mg IM

Medical direction has ordered the administration of activated charcoal to a three-year-old boy. What dose would be MOST appropriate?

1 gram/kilogram

A patient complaining of eye pain informs you that he was diagnosed with a corneal abrasion three days ago. He called 911 today because the discomfort has not yet gone away and he desires medical attention. Based on this information, which of the following is TRUE? A. The clear structure that covers the pupil has been damaged. B. The lens of the eye has been abraded. C. Fluid is leaking from the posterior chamber. D. The sclera must be infected.

A. The clear structure that covers the pupil has been damaged.

Your patient is a 38-year-old man with diabetes who took his insulin, but he is ill and can't keep anything down. He is so dehydrated that you are unable to start an IV line. Which of the following statements regarding glucagon is TRUE? A. Adequate glycogen stores must be available in the liver for it to be effective. B. Glucose molecules are synthesized from stores of fat in the spleen. C .Glucagon is metabolized slowly to provide a steady source of energy. D. 50 mg of glucagon IM will allow the release of glucose from the liver.

A. Adequate glycogen stores must be available in the liver for it to be effective.

What are the two endocrine hormones released by the pancreas? A) Epinephrine and norepinephrine B) Glucose and glycogen C) Dopamine and neurontin D) Insulin and glucagon

D) Insulin and glucagon

The detection of a pulsating mass upon palpation of a patient's abdomen should make the EMT suspicious that the patient may be suffering from which of the following? A. An abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Gastroenteritis C. Ahernia D. An ulcer

A. An abdominal aortic aneurysm

The signs and symptoms related to hypoglycemia have a(n) ________ onset. A) Slow B) Unpredictable C) Delayed D) Rapid

D) Rapid

What type of anemia occurs when the bone marrow does NOT produce an adequate number of RBCs, WBCs, or platelets? A. Aplastic anemia B. Iron deficiency anemia C. Pernicious anemia D. Sickle cell anemia

A. Aplastic anemia

Which of the following vessels has the least ability to constrict? A. Vena cava B. Arterioles C. Venules D. Aorta

D. Aorta

You are assessing a 68-year-old woman with shortness of breath. Your assessment reveals crackles in all quadrants of the lungs as well as some swelling of the ankles. As you take her vital signs you see that she is becoming anxious and her breathing is becoming more shallow. Which of the following should you do? A. Apply continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). B. Start an IV and consider giving her a fluid bolus of 500 mL. C. Give her another albuterol treatment. D. Increase her oxygen flow to 15 lpm via nonrebreather.

A. Apply continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Which of the following are common complications of diabetes? A. Blindness, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney failure B. Autoimmune disease, adrenal disease, and sepsis C. Gangrene, hemorrhagic stroke, high cholesterol D. Myxedema, cardiac disease, stroke

A. Blindness, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney failure

Which of the following complaints would raise your suspicion that a female patient has a urinary tract infection (UTI)? A. Burning sensation every time she urinates B. Pain in the back that spreads into the legs C. Urinating constantly with associated polydipsia D. Vaginal discharge that is greenish in color

A. Burning sensation every time she urinates

Which of the following is MOST likely to provide toxic exposure through inhalation? A. Cyanide B. Prescription medications C. Wasps D. Over-the-counter medications

A. Cyanide

Which of the following disorders have signs and symptoms similar to appendicitis? A. Diverticulitis B. Esophageal varices C. Cholecystitis D. Mallory-Weiss tear

A. Diverticulitis

You are caring for a young girl who is complaining of abdominal cramps. During your assessment, she tells you that she usually has very painful cramps during her monthly menstrual period. Which of the following would be the CORRECT terminology to use to document her symptoms? A. Dysmenorrhea B. Menorrhagia C. Endometritis D. Paraphimosis

A. Dysmenorrhea

In diabetic ketoacidosis, which of the following may result? A. Excessive urination, excessive thirst, and excessive hunger B. Hyperactivity, excessive thirst, and polyuria C. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and hyperactivity D. Excessive insulin, excessive glucose, and excessive urination

A. Excessive urination, excessive thirst, and excessive hunger

Which of the following is associated with cocaine and methamphetamine use, as well as the use of other drugs? A. Excited delirium B. Dementia C. Meningismus D. Photophobia

A. Excited delirium

For a normal pregnancy, within what structure MUST the sperm and egg come together for fertilization? A. Fallopian tube B. Ovary C. Upper uterus D. Vagina

A. Fallopian tube

Which of the following BEST characterizes the nasal mucosa? A. Fragile and bleeds easily B. Hard and resistant to injury C. Rigid unless exposed to moisture D. Flexible and extremely pliant

A. Fragile and bleeds easily

A patient who is complaining of having pain 30-60 minutes after eating may be experiencing problems with which of the following organs? A. Gallbladder B. Liver C. Stomach D. Spleen

A. Gallbladder

Which of the following occurs next after a person is exposed to a pathogen? A. The pathogen begins to colonize in the body. B. The person gets sick from the pathogen. C. The infected patient is contagious to others. D. It dies immediately upon contact with the body.

A. The pathogen begins to colonize in the body.

You arrive on the scene of a popular nightclub to find a 22-year-old woman in custody of the police. Witnesses state she had been taking her clothes off on the dance floor, and when club staff asked her to stop she struck one of them. She is now sitting in the back of the police cruiser crying. She admits to "X-ing." Which of the following physical findings would you not expect to find in this patient? A. Hypotension B. Tachycardia C. Anxiety D. Fever

A. Hypotension

Which of the following will impair cardiac output? A. Improperly functioning valves B. Increased perfusion to the heart C. Increase in mean arterial pressure D. Elevated blood pressure

A. Improperly functioning valves

What method of entry of a toxin results in rapid absorption of the agent through the respiratory membrane? A. Inhalation B. Absorption C. Injection D. Ingestion

A. Inhalation

Which of the following statements regarding stable angina pectoris is TRUE? A. It can be brought on by exertion or stress. B. It generally lasts 30 to 60 minutes. C. It results in death of myocardial cells. D. It is generally relieved by over-the-counter medications.

A. It can be brought on by exertion or stress.

When cells are unable to utilize glucose for fuel, they will slowly begin to use ________ as an energy source. A. fats B. pancreatic enzymes C. insulin D. carbohydrates

A. fats

If a patient is apparently unresponsive and not breathing, immediately check for a pulse. If you do not detect a pulse, within how many seconds should you begin chest compressions and apply an AED?

10 seconds

A patient is unconscious with bradypnea after a possible heroin overdose. Which of the following medications and dosages would be MOST appropriate?

1mg of naloxone

Your patient has severe respiratory distress from an acute onset of pulmonary edema. Why do you want to treat her with CPAP? A. It can reduce the amount of fluid that can cross into the alveoli. B. It has an analgesic to help reduce the patient's anxiety. C. It increases the oxygen concentration of the inspired oxygen. D. It reduces the inflammation of the lower airways.

A. It can reduce the amount of fluid that can cross into the alveoli.

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding peritoneal dialysis? A. It is less efficient than hemodialysis. B. Hypotension is a frequent side effect. C. A shunt graft surgically connects an artery and vein. D. Patients are treated at dialysis centers.

A. It is less efficient than hemodialysis.

Which of the following can cause particular difficulties when trying to place the patient in a supine position? A. Kyphosis B. Cellulitis C. Fibromyalgia D. Sciatica

A. Kyphosis

Which of the following blood glucose levels is considered normal for an adult? 40 mg/dL 150 mg/dL 80 mg/dL 120 mg/dL

80 mg/dL

A patient that is experiencing a transfusion reaction would likely be exhibiting: A. fever. B. severe night sweats. C. dyspnea. D. abdominal pain.

A. fever.

Your male patient has a history of mental illness and has inserted a cotton-tipped swab into his urethra. He is complaining of dysuria. How will you manage this patient? A. Leave the object in place. B. Remove the swab from his penis. C. Deliver a fluid bolus via IV. D. Apply pressure to the area.

A. Leave the object in place.

Which of the following is typically seen as a nosocomial infection? A. MRSA B. Boils C. Ringworm D. Impetigo

A. MRSA

What cells release histamine when they recognize antigen-antibody complexes? A. Mast cells B. Antigens C. Lymphocytes D. Helper T cells

A. Mast cells

A young boy exhibits stridor, difficulty breathing, and drooling, and he complains of difficulty swallowing. What might you expect a history of this patient to reveal? A. No vaccinations B. Gastroesophageal reflux C. A pseudomembrane D. Ludwig's angina

A. No vaccinations

Which of the following is the BEST way to prevent or control pathogens inside the body? A. Normal flora B. Anti-fungal therapy C. Antibiotic therapy D. Hand washing

A. Normal flora

A patient who is complaining of intense mid-abdominal pain may indicate the presence of which of the following conditions? A. Pancreatitis B. Kidney infection C. Cholecystitis D. Liver disease

A. Pancreatitis

A patient who is complaining of intense midabdominal pain may indicate the presence of which of the following conditions? A. Pancreatitis B. Kidney infection C. Cholecystitis D. Liver disease

A. Pancreatitis

Your 56-year-old female patient is complaining of chronic fatigue, muscle stiffness, and tender areas at several locations. Based on your assessment and the patient's history, you should suspect: A. fibromyalgia. B. osteoporosis. C. osteoarthritis. D. rhabdomyolysis.

A. fibromyalgia.

Your patient tells you that he is suffering with a bad migraine. Which of the following would provide the patient with the MOST comfort? A. Place a cool compress on his forehead. B. Apply gentle pressure to the temples. C. Provide three adult aspirins per protocol. D. Transport in left lateral recumbent position.

A. Place a cool compress on his forehead.

A patient is hypoglycemic and unconscious. You administer all of a 50 mL prefilled syringe of 50 percent dextrose, or:

25 grams

What agency is available to help you determine toxicity of a poison based on type of agent, amount and time of exposure, and physical condition of the patient? A. Poison control centers B. Pharmacies C. Emergency departments D. Intensive care units

A. Poison control centers

What position should be avoided when restraining a patient? A. Prone B. Supine C. Vertical D. Lateral

A. Prone

Of the following, which is the MOST important in caring for a possible stroke patient? A. Recognize signs and symptoms that may indicate stroke. B. Administer oxygen to patients with a SpO2 <94 percent. C. Check the patient's blood glucose level. D. Establish the time of onset of signs and symptoms.

A. Recognize signs and symptoms that may indicate stroke.

The tricuspid valve prevents blood from: A. flowing from the right ventricle into the right atrium. B. bypassing the pulmonary vessels and entering the right heart. C. flowing backward through the left atrium. D. moving between the right and left ventricles.

A. flowing from the right ventricle into the right atrium.

In general, the use of ________________ restraints is discouraged. A. hard B. leather C. soft D. roller gauze

A. hard

If insulin production and secretion are insufficient for metabolic needs: A. glucose will rapidly decrease in the bloodstream. B. metabolism will not be affected. C. glucose will enter the cells more efficiently. D. glucose will accumulate in the bloodstream.

D. glucose will accumulate in the bloodstream.

A group of 5 AEMTs is preparing to restrain a large and violent patient. Which one of the following instructions given by the team leader is MOST appropriate? A) "You distract him by coming at him from the front and the rest of us will come at him from different directions, each taking a separate limb." B) "You grab his head and the rest of us will grab his legs and chest, and then let's get him face down on the stretcher." C) "Since you are trained in martial arts, try to give him a kick to his stomach, then when he goes down, the rest of us will grab his arms and legs." D) "Two of us will get him from the front and the other two from the back. Let us do this slowly so no one gets hurt."

A) "You distract him by coming at him from the front and the rest of us will come at him from different directions, each taking a separate limb."

Which of the following disorders has the characteristic exophthalmos in which swelling of the tissues behind the eyes causes the eyes to protrude? A) Graves' disease B) Cushing's syndrome C) Addison disease D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

A) Graves' disease

The AEMT should recognize the cause of heart failure is: A) Inadequate ejection of blood. B) Poor gas exchange in the lungs. C) Fluid accumulation in the lung tissue. D) Backup of fluid in the lower extremities.

A) Inadequate ejection of blood.

The patient with type 2 diabetes is usually: A) Non-insulin dependent. B) Glucose intolerant. C) Glucose tolerant. D) Insulin dependent.

A) Non-insulin dependent.

In the treatment of behavioral emergencies, ________ is/are MOST important for the AEMT. A. three-point restraints B. pulse oximetry monitoring C. vital signs D. interpersonal skills

D. interpersonal skills

A patient is found in an alleyway conscious, alert, and breathing. The patient complains of extreme nausea, chills, and is having hallucinations. He keeps asking for a "drink" of beer. You suspect:

acute withdrawals

For the AEMT, which of the following is the MOST important question to ask of a diabetic patient or his family members? A) When was the last time you ate? B) Do you have a fruity taste in your mouth? C) Does diabetes run in your family? D) What kind of insulin do you take?

A) When was the last time you ate?

When assessing a patient, what symptom might be present to help determine that the patient has Cushing's syndrome versus Addison's disease? A. "Moon face" appearance B. Inability to respond to stressors C. Hyperpigmentation of skin and gums D. Fatigue

A. "Moon face" appearance

Medical direction has ordered the administration of activated charcoal to a three-year-old boy. What dose would be MOST appropriate? A. 1 gram/kilogram B. 100 mg C. 50 grams D. 0.5 mg/kilogram

A. 1 gram/kilogram

A patient is hypoglycemic and unconscious. You administer all of a 50 mL prefilled syringe of 50 percent dextrose, or: A. 25 grams. B. 50 mg. C. 0.25 grams. D. 5 mg.

A. 25 grams.

Which one of the following patient descriptions would the AEMT classify as a behavioral emergency? A. 36-year-old man with no known history who is hearing voices B. 44-year-old woman with bipolar disorder complaining of a fever of 102.5 F C. 56-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia who has stopped taking his medications D. 29-year-old man with diabetes who is suddenly confused

A. 36-year-old man with no known history who is hearing voices

What is the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association for diabetic patients' HbA1c levels? A. 6.5 percent or less B. 1.5 percent C. 9 percent D. Greater than or equal to 8.0 percent

A. 6.5 percent or less

An example of a hollow organ would be the:

urinary bladder

Which of the following is the main focus of your assessment and history taking of the patient with abdominal pain? A. Determining the cause of the pain B. Determining the presence of gastrointestinal bleeding C. Determining the possible need for immediate surgery D. Determining if the patient meets criteria to refuse treatment and transport

B. Determining the presence of gastrointestinal bleeding

The AV node has an intrinsic rate of self-excitation, which is ________ beats per minute.

40-60

What is the recommendation of the American Diabetes Association for diabetic patients' HbA1c levels?

6.5 percent or less

Which of the following would be considered an opportunistic infection?

A cancer patient contracts pneumonia after completing radiation treatments.

Which of the following pathogens would be considered a communicable disease?

A health care worker gets contracts influenza during an outbreak.

Which of the following statements regarding a transient ischemic attack is TRUE? A patient who has had a TIA is at high risk for subsequent stroke. If it doesn't resolve within two hours, it is a full-blown stroke. If not promptly treated, a TIA will progress to a stroke. Signs and symptoms are very different from a stroke.

A patient who has had a TIA is at high risk for subsequent stroke.

Which of the following statements regarding a transient ischemic attack is TRUE? A. A patient who has had a TIA is at high risk for subsequent stroke. B. If it doesn't resolve within two hours, it is a full-blown stroke. C. If not promptly treated, a TIA will progress to a stroke. D. Signs and symptoms are very different from a stroke

A. A patient who has had a TIA is at high risk for subsequent stroke.

You have arrived on the scene of a call for a possible stroke. On your arrival, the patient denies signs and symptoms, is alert and oriented, and moves all extremities well. Her husband states that before you arrived the patient could not move her right arm and the left side of her face seemed to be "slack." Which of the following has MOST likely occurred? A. The patient suffered a transient ischemic attack. B. The patient suffered a cerebral vascular accident. C. The patient is suffering from aphasia. D. The patient has had a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A. The patient suffered a transient ischemic attack.

Which of the following is often a result of the underlying problem of benign prostatic hypertrophy? A. Urinary retention B. Renal calculi C. Uremic frost D. Polycystic renal disease

A. Urinary retention

Which of the following is a hollow tubular passageway that connects the female external genitalia to the internal genitalia? A. Vagina B. Clitoris C. Mons pubis D. Labia minora

A. Vagina

Which of the following is a viral disease in the herpes family that causes general malaise and itchy, fluid-filled blisters on the skin that later crust and scab? A. Varicella B. Rubeola C. Mumps D. Rubella

A. Varicella

A problem with the eighth cranial nerve can lead to which of the following disorders involving a sensation of movement when there is none? A. Vertigo B. Meningismus C. Macrotia D. Photophobia

A. Vertigo

Which sign associated with an allergic reaction should concern a caregiver the MOST? A. Wheezing B. Gl distress C. Urticaria D. Warm, flushed skin

A. Wheezing

The form of arthritis that causes the bones that form the joints to become fused is: A. ankylosing spondylosis. B. osteoarthritis. C. osteopenia. D. septic arthritis.

A. ankylosing spondylosis.

A substance that will neutralize a specific toxin or counteract its effects is known as: A. antidotes. B. absorbents. C. emetic. D. cathartic.

A. antidotes.

An abdominal aneurysm of the _________________ may cause the patient to have intense tearing pain in the lower back or abdomen, and the pain may radiate down one or both legs. A. aorta B. liver C. colon D. ovaries

A. aorta

You are called to a 25-year-old man complaining of RLQ pain. His other symptoms are nausea and vomiting, fever, and decreasing pain in the umbilicus area. You should suspect: A. appendicitis. B. peritonitis. C. pancreatitis. D. cholecystitis.

A. appendicitis.

Your patient is experiencing hallucinations and is sure that there are bugs crawling on the inside of the ambulance. You should: A. assure the patient that there are no bugs, but acknowledge the patient's feelings. B. avoid recognizing the hallucination and act as if it is not happening. C. use the hallucination to your advantage in keeping the patient safe. D. agree with the patient, but assure the patient that they are safe.

A. assure the patient that there are no bugs, but acknowledge the patient's feelings.

A condition in which fatty plaque builds up in arteries, eventually narrowing the lumen and restricting blood flow, is called: A. atherosclerosis. B. arteriosclerosis. C. claudication. D. an aneurysm.

A. atherosclerosis.

Mast cells are: A. basophils that migrate into the tissues. B. monocytes that have migrated into the tissues. C. acquired through a complex immune system. D. signaled by chemical messengers to travel to areas where they are needed.

A. basophils that migrate into the tissues.

A situation in which a person's behavior is so unusual that it alarms another person or requires intervention is a(n): A. behavioral emergency. B. emotional dilemma. C. critical affective period. D. psychological crisis.

A. behavioral emergency.

A patient presents with inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, and racing and delusional thoughts. This patient MOST likely suffers from: A. bipolar disorder. B. conversion disorder. C. depression. D. schizophrenia.

A. bipolar disorder.

Other than intentional injections of illicit drugs, MOST injected poisonings result from: A. bites and stings of insects and animals. B. infected wounds. C. accidental needle sticks. D. rusty nails.

A. bites and stings of insects and animals.

A person who has been exposed to a disease and is capable of transmitting the disease is a: A. carrier. B. vector. C. host. D. fomite.

A. carrier.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when there is both a decrease in the amount of insulin produced and a decrease in: A. cellular response to insulin. B. insulin use by the brain cells. C. insulin entering the cells for metabolism. D. glucose in the bloodstream.

A. cellular response to insulin.

With age, the lens of the eye is less able to: A. change shape. B. focus on far objects. C. recognize colors. D. heal.

A. change shape.

The disease process related to chronic inflammation of the liver is: A. cirrhosis. B. cholecystitis. C. pancreatitis. D. viral hepatitis.

A. cirrhosis.

A defect of the _______________ results in difficulty in visual detection of color. A. cones B. cones and rods C. rods D. lens

A. cones

the defect of______results in difficulty in visual detection of color. A. cones B. rods C. lens D. cones and rods

A. cones

An inflammation of the thin, transparent membrane covering the visible portion of the sclera and lining the inside of the eyelids results in: A. conjunctivitis. B. corneal abrasion. C. choroiditis. D. lens distortion.

A. conjunctivitis.

The MOST important assessment technique in evaluating behavioral emergencies is: A. conversational skills. B. defensive tactics. C. obtaining vital signs. D. auscultating lung sounds.

A. conversational skills.

You have been called to a high school science lab where a male student was splashed in the eye with an alkaline solution. He is complaining of burning to the eye as well as pain. After performing the primary assessment and finding no life-threatening conditions, you would: A. hold the patient's eye open and begin flushing with large amounts of tap water and continue throughout transport. B. cover both eyes with eye shields and move to the ambulance for immediate transport. C. determine the exact compound the patient was splashed with and the appropriate chemical antidote. D obtain a set of vital signs and determine if the patient is taking medications or has any past medical problems.

A. hold the patient's eye open and begin flushing with large amounts of tap water and continue throughout transport.

The condition in which there is an insufficient amount of sugar in the blood is called: A. hypoglycemia. B. diabetic coma. C. hyperglycemia. D. diabetic ketoacidosis.

A. hypoglycemia.

Solid organs are: A. inelastic. B. used to transport substances. C. covered by a smooth coat. D. tubelike structures.

A. inelastic.

All of the following are TRUE regarding myoglobin EXCEPT: A. it is toxic to the liver and pancreas. B. it can cause acute renal failure. C. it is released as a result of rhabdomyolysis. D. it results in dark tea-or cola-colored urine.

A. it is toxic to the liver and pancreas.

Many of the proteins that make up part of plasma volume, such as albumin and clotting factors, are manufactured in the: A. liver. B. kidneys. C. bone marrow. D. spleen.

A. liver.

You suspect a patient has Ludwig's angina. Your prehospital treatment for this patient should include: A. monitoring airway status. B. removing damaged teeth. C. suctioning the airway. D. administration of antibiotics.

A. monitoring airway status.

Most hordeola resolve: A. on their own B. following surgery. C. with antibiotic treatment. D. with fluid replacement.

A. on their own

The patient with type 2 diabetes is MOST likely to control the condition with: A. oral antihyperglycemic agents. B. steroids. C. insulin. D. methimazole.

A. oral antihyperglycemic agents.

The patient in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is at risk for dehydration due to: A. osmotic diuresis. B. hemorrhage. C. sepsis. D. vasodilation.

A. osmotic diuresis.

Problems related to a patient experiencing hallucinations or delusions are related to the patient's: A. perceptual processes. B. bipolar disorder. C. cognitive processes. D. sensorium.

A. perceptual processes.

When the gallbladder is diseased, the pain is NOT only felt in the RUQ but also in the: A. right shoulder. B. left shoulder. C. epigastric area. D. right scapula area.

A. right shoulder.

Cerebral edema, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and dysfunction of the cardiac conduction system may be associated with: A. sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). B. chronic migraine headache. C. dementia. D. transient ischemic attacks (TIA).

A. sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

The pulse pressure is the: A. systolic blood pressure minus the diastolic blood pressure. B. cardiac output times the systemic vascular resistance. C. end-systolic volume minus the end-diastolic volume. D. stroke volume times the heart rate

A. systolic blood pressure minus the diastolic blood pressure.

Sensitization is defined as: A. the primary exposure of an individual to an antigen. B. an exaggerated response to a particular antigen. C. the manifestation of severe, systemic effects of a histamine release. D. the cascade of events that occurs following activation by a foreign substance.

A. the primary exposure of an individual to an antigen.

An example of a hollow organ would be the: A. urinary bladder. B. spleen. C. liver. D. pancreas.

A. urinary bladder.

A feeling of dizziness and or whirling in space is called: A. vertigo. B. eczema. C. purulence. D. tinnitus.

A. vertigo.

In order to appropriately restrain a patient: A. you must believe the patient is a threat to himself or others. B. the patient needs to give prior consent. C. more than five people must be present. D. handcuffs need to be present.

A. you must believe the patient is a threat to himself or others.

Which of the following mnemonics is used to help determine the cause of a patient's altered mental status?

AEIOU-TIPS

You are caring for a patient whom you suspect has had a stroke. She is having difficulty forming words, resulting in slurred speech and making it difficult for you to understand her. Which of the following would describe the condition of her speech? A. Dysphagia B. Dysarthria C. Ataxia D. Hypophasia

B. Dysarthria

Which of the following could allow direct transmission of a pathogen? A. Contracting encephalitis after a mosquito bite B. Sharing a passionate kiss C. Being bitten by an animal with rabies D. Touching a door knob after someone with a cold

B. Sharing a passionate kiss

Which of the following patients demonstrates clearly that they can maintain their own airway and breathing? A. An 18-year-old man vomiting in his sleep after drinking too much at a party B. A 42-year-old man who appropriately answers all of your questions with full sentences C. A 62-year-old woman with shortness of breath from an acute onset of pulmonary edem D. A 28-year-old man who is hypotensive and is complaining of palpitations

B. A 42-year-old man who appropriately answers all of your questions with full sentences

Which of the following would be considered an opportunistic infection? A. An un-immunized carpenter contracts tetanus after stepping on a rusty nail. B. A cancer patient contracts pneumonia after completing radiation treatments. C. A patient gets a skin infection while healing from a full thickness burn. D. A young child comes down with chicken pox after exposure at school.

B. A cancer patient contracts pneumonia after completing radiation treatments.

After administration of activated charcoal, the patient vomits. What treatment should the AEMT be prepared to give next?

give another dose of activated charcoal

Adequate glycogen stores must be available in the liver for it to be effective.

You are caring for a 68-year-old woman displaying signs of stroke. She has right-sided weakness and slurred speech. Her vitals are pulse 118, respirations 22 with a SpO2 of 92 percent, and blood pressure 188/98. Which of the following would be the LEAST appropriate care?

Administer nitroglycerin for hypertension.

The pancreas secretes two major hormones, including:

glucagon

The management of medical and trauma emergencies in diabetic patients is complicated by impaired:

glucose homeostasis.

Which of the following is your FIRST priority when responding to the scene of a patient complaining of anaphylaxis?

Airway maintenance Fluid resuscitation Correct answer: Scene safety Respiratory support

In the mnemonic AEIOU-TIPS, what does the letter "A" stand for?

Alcohol

Which of the following is the CORRECT treatment for a patient of sexual assault?

Allow the patient to shower to support her psychological needs, and transport. Maintain scene safety and treat only the secondary injuries. Treat immediate life threats but don't worry about protecting criminal evidence. Correct answer: Treat immediate life threats, treat psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence.

Which of the following patients are MOST at risk for nosocomial infections? A child with a broken arm An elderly AIDS patient A woman having a TIA A patient having a heart attack

An elderly AIDS patient

When conducting a secondary assessment on a patient with abdominal issues, what condition might the patient's pallor indicate?

Anemia

Which of the following is an example of a patient in the fulminant stage of a disease? A. The patient is between periods of the disease. B. A patient has an acute onset of the disease. C. The patient has succumbed to the disease. D. A patient has been exposed but is asymptomatic.

B. A patient has an acute onset of the disease.

While assessing a patient at the scene, you note that the patient is experiencing intense, tearing pain in the lower back or abdomen, with the pain radiating down the right leg. Which of the following conditions might these symptoms indicate? A. Urinary tract infection B. Abdominal aortic aneurysm C. Splenic sequestration D. Kidney stones

B. Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of stroke? A. Visual disturbances B. Acute chest pain C. Facial numbness D. Loss of coordination

B. Acute chest pain

Which of the following patients are MOST at risk for nosocomial infections? A. A child with a broken arm B. An elderly AIDS patient C. A woman having a TIA D. A patient having a heart attack

B. An elderly AIDS patient

When conducting a secondary assessment on a patient with abdominal issues, what condition might the patient's pallor indicate? A. Hypertension B. Anemia C. Peritonitis D. Ovarian cyst

B. Anemia

Upon examination of the patient, you discover that she is currently taking benzodiazepines. Which of the following conditions typically is addressed by these medications? A. Depression B. Anxiety C. Schizophrenia D. Suicidal tendencies

B. Anxiety

What sign or symptom of a stroke is defined as a loss of coordination? A. Hemiparesis B. Ataxia C. Aphasia D. Dysarthria

B. Ataxia

While caring for a patient with alcohol intoxication, you implement safety protocols to prevent the patient from stumbling and falling. What sign or symptom did you observe to recognize that this was needed? A. Nystagmus B. Ataxia C. Myoclonus D. Confabulation

B. Ataxia

If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to what? A. Myopia B. Blindness C. Hyperopia D. Presbyopia

B. Blindness

Which of the following statements regarding glucose use by the cells is TRUE? A. Brain cells require glucose to function. B. The brain can convert to using fats for energy. C. Glycogen is stored in the pancreas for cellular use. D. The brain requires insulin to absorb glucose.

B. Brain cells require glucose to function.

When assessing a patient with type 2 diabetes, which of the following is an oral antihyperglycemic medication you might document that the patient takes? A. Methimazole B. Chlorpropramide C. Levothyroxine D. Propylthiouracil

B. Chlorpropramide

A patient with wet gangrene will have infection that causes swelling of the tissues. What can result as a consequence of the gangrene? A. Necrotizing fasciitis B. Decreased capillary perfusion C. Decubitus ulcers D. Metabolic acidosis

B. Decreased capillary perfusion

All of the following are roles of the poison control center EXCEPT: A. notifying the receiving hospital before arrival of the patient. B. treating the patient based on the agent introduced. C. suggesting the most current, definitive treatment. D. determining the potential toxicity of the agent.

B. treating the patient based on the agent introduced.

A compulsive and overwhelming dependence on a drug is known as:

addiction

The term "status epilepticus" refers to: A. a patient experiencing a seizure for the first time. B. two or more seizures with no intervening periods of consciousness. C. a chronic seizure patient taking anticonvulsant medication regularly. D. a generalized seizure lasting more than one minute.

B. two or more seizures with no intervening periods of consciousness.

The QRS complex reflects: A. atrial repolarization. B. ventricular depolarization. C. ventricular repolarization. D. atrial depolarization.

B. ventricular depolarization.

What sign or symptom of a stroke is defined as a loss of coordination?

Ataxia

You are assessing a patient who has chronic kidney failure. He tells you that his glomerular filtration rate is 40 mL/minute. Which of the following GFRs would indicate a normal filtration rate? A. 3 L/hour B. 7 L/hour C. 75 mL/minute D. 30 mL/minute

B. 7 L/hour

You are treating a six-year-old boy who has signs and symptoms of influenza, including fever. In treating this patient, which of the following would be contraindicated? Motrin Tylenol Aspirin Fluid challenge

Aspirin

The condition in which the heart's reduced stroke volume causes an overload of fluid in the lungs is called: A) Prinzmetal's angina. B) Acute heart failure. C) Angina pectoris. D) Myocardial infarction.

B) Acute heart failure.

What drug, described as a modified form of methamphetamine, is often seen in nightclubs? A) Barbiturates B) Ecstasy C) Alcohol D) Marijuana

B) Ecstasy

Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes? A) Obesity B) Heredity C) Poor diet D) Lack of exercise

B) Heredity

Which one of the following statements about an abdominal aortic aneurysm is TRUE? A) It is more common in women than in men. B) It is most prevalent above the age of 60. C) It is very painful in the early stages. D) Symptoms include pain in the calf muscles.

B) It is most prevalent above the age of 60.

Which of the following patient medications would lead you to suspect your patient suffers from heart failure? A) Aspirin B) Lasix C) Nitroglycerin D) Glucophage

B) Lasix

Pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole is called: A) Afterload. B) Preload. C) Cardiac output. D) Stroke volume.

B) Preload.

In which of the following situations would the administration of aspirin to a cardiac patient be prohibited? A) The patient does not currently take aspirin. B) The patient has a history of asthma. C) The patient has a diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg. D) None of the above

B) The patient has a history of asthma.

You are treating a patient who feels that the government has control agents who monitor all of his moves in order to control his income; this patient is experiencing: A) schizophrenia. B) delusions. C) bipolar episodes. D) mania.

B) delusions.

As part of the focused medical examination of the behavioral emergency, the AEMT should perform: A) field sobriety tests. B) mental status evaluation. C) pulse oximetry monitoring. D) head-to-toe trauma assessment.

B) mental status evaluation. (MSE)

You are by the side of a young female college student who is unresponsive. Friends say that she is not a heavy drinker, but tonight she drank an excessive amount of alcohol. She responds to painful stimuli and has snoring respirations. Her respiratory rate is 8 breaths per minute and her radial pulse is weak. Your immediate action would be to: A) determine if drugs are also involved. B) perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver. C) administer positive pressure ventilation. D) apply oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.

B) perform the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver.

Although difficult to define, normal behavior is BEST defined as behavior that is: A) dangerous to the patient or others. B) readily acceptable to society. C) considered normal for the patient. D) all of the above

B) readily acceptable to society.

A patient is unconscious with bradypnea after a possible heroin overdose. Which of the following medications and dosages would be MOST appropriate? A. 1 mg of flumazenil B. 1 mg of naloxone C. 0.2 mg of flumazenil D. 5 mg of naloxone

B. 1 mg of naloxone

Symptoms from a transient ischemic attack (TIA) generally resolve within: A. 6 hours. B. 24 hours. C. 12 hours. D. 48 hours.

B. 24 hours.

Stroke patients who may be candidates for fibrinolytic therapy MUST receive definitive treatment within ________ hours of onset of symptoms. A. 6-8 B. 3-4 C. 5-6 D. 1-2

B. 3-4

The AV node has an intrinsic rate of self-excitation, which is _____________ beats per minute. A. 60 to 100 B. 40 to 60 C. 80 to 100 D. 20 to 40

B. 40 to 60

You have been called to the scene of an individual suffering from a rattlesnake bite. Bystanders state that the snake was killed and the patient has not been moved. What should your first action be when you get to the scene? A. Call animal control to clear the area. B. Ensure that no other snakes are in the area. C. Clear the bystanders from the area. D. Remove the patient from the site.

B. Ensure that no other snakes are in the area.

You respond for a patient who tells you he has hypothyroidism. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect? A. Eyes that seem to protrude B. Fatigue and a lack of energy C. Evidence of increased thyroid activity D. A patient who is much thinner than normal

B. Fatigue and a lack of energy

You have responded for a 34-year-old male patient who is lethargic and febrile. He has pus weeping from a small gray-colored lesion on his scrotum and a foul odor in the area. You should suspect which of the following? A. Paraphimosis B. Fournier's gangrene C. Orchitis D. Epididymitis

B. Fournier's gangrene

What can occur when ammonia levels become high from progressive liver failure? A. Extreme diarrhea with dehydration B. Hepatic encephalopathy C. Influenza D. All of the above

B. Hepatic encephalopathy

You are called for a 22-year-old girl who has been very sick for a few days and is complaining of upper right quadrant pain and dark urine. These symptoms immediately suggest which of the following conditions? A. Respiratory infection B. Hepatitis C. Meningitis D. Epiglottitis

B. Hepatitis

Which of the following illnesses are spread through the gastrointestinal tract? A. Hepatitis C and D B. Hepatitis A and E C. Hepatitis B and D D. Hepatitis A and C

B. Hepatitis A and E

When asking a 50-year-old patient who has lost his glasses to read and sign a form, what may help? A. Asking him to read and sign the form later B. Holding the form farther away C. Holding the form nearer to his face D. Offering to read the form for him

B. Holding the form farther away

A patient you suspect of having diphtheria is also exhibiting signs of dehydration (thirst, dry skin) and sepsis (fever, tachycardia). Which is the appropriate treatment? A. Intubation B. IV fluids C. Positive-pressure ventilations D. Epinephrine administration

B. IV fluids

Which of the following is TRUE concerning parietal pain? A. It is usually intermittent in nature. B. It is generally localized to a particular area. C. It is often described as "crampy" or "colicky." D. It arises from solid organs.

B. It is generally localized to a particular area.

What characterizes a pathologic fracture? A. It results in loss of height of the vertebrae. B. It occurs with minimal force. C. It requires immobilization of the bone. D. It occurs only under great force.

B. It occurs with minimal force.

A chronic disease of the inner ear marked by a recurring syndrome of vertigo, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss is called: A. mastoiditis. B. Ménière's disease. C. cholesteatoma. D. otosclerosis.

B. Ménière's disease.

To determine specifics about chest pain, use ________ to help you. A. AEIOU-TIPS B. OPQRST C. CAP-BTLS D. SAMPLE

B. OPQRST

What is typically the best treatment for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis)? A. Application of a topical scabicidal cream B. Oral medications C. Vaccines and immunizations D. Over-the-counter antifungal ointments

B. Oral medications

What is the most common chief complaint of an abdominal emergency? A. Bruising B. Pain C. Dysuria D. Swelling

B. Pain

Which one of the following patients is the AMT justified in restraining? A. Patient stating that he wants to kill himself and desires transport to the hospital B. Patient threatening to kill his wife and trying to leave the scene C. Patient with depression refusing transport D. Patient with violent outbursts but at the present time is calm

B. Patient threatening to kill his wife and trying to leave the scene

You are called for a person having a seizure. When you arrive, you note that the patient is postictal and a bystander is providing care for the patient. Which of the following would be considered appropriate care by the bystander? A. Sweeping the patient's mouth to remove vomit B. Placing the patient in the recovery position C. Giving the patient small sips of water D. Placing a bite block between the patient's teeth

B. Placing the patient in the recovery position

Which of the following is associated with sickle cell disease? A. Profuse, abnormal night sweats B. Premature RBC destruction C. Abnormal WBC production D. Decrease in WBC production

B. Premature RBC destruction

What is the purpose of valves in the circulatory system? A. Allows for expansion and contraction of the veins. B. Prevent the backflow of blood in the vessels. C. Control the volume of blood moved in each pulse. D. Support the bifurcation of the veins.

B. Prevent the backflow of blood in the vessels.

Which of the following is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart? A.. Aorta B. Pulmonary C. Coronary D. Semilunar

B. Pulmonary

You suspect that your patient has a kidney infection because he is pointing to pain in his back. In your documentation, which of the following would you use to describe the area of pain? A. Parietal peritoneum B. Retroperitoneal C. Extraperitoneal D. Peritoneum

B. Retroperitoneal

Which abdominal quadrant contains the appendix? A. Right upper B. Right lower C. Left lower D. Left upper

B. Right lower

Which of the following is the MOST common chief complaint related to acute pancreatitis? A. Blood in the stool B. Severe pain C. Diarrhea D. Headache

B. Severe pain

The heart receives its nutrients from the: A) Anterior great cardiac vein. B) Blood within its chambers. C) Coronary arteries. D) Aorta.

C) Coronary arteries.

Which of the following is characteristic of a patient with hyperglycemia? A. Sudden onset of altered mental status and combativeness B. Slow onset, Kussmaul's respirations, and acetone odor on breath C. Cool, moist skin, agitated behavior, and increased heart rate D. Use of excessive amounts of insulin or lack of adequate food intake

B. Slow onset, Kussmaul's respirations, and acetone odor on breath

People living in which region of the United States are at greatest risk of Bubonic plague? A. Northeast-New York, Massachusetts, Maine B. Southwest-New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona C. Southeast-Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi D. Northwest-Oregon, Washington, Idaho

B. Southwest-New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona

If a patient complains of left upper quadrant pain, what organ may be involved? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Appendix D. Stomach

B. Spleen

Which one of the following statements about the circulation of blood is TRUE? A. Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that carry oxygenated blood. B. The left atrium sends oxygenated blood into the left ventricle. C. The right myocardium is thicker than the left myocardium. D. The right atrium receives oxygenated blood from the vena cava.

B. The left atrium sends oxygenated blood into the left ventricle.

Which of the following statements regarding a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) relative to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is TRUE? A. Glucose is unavailable for metabolism in HHS. B. There is a lack of ketone formation in a patient with HHS. C. Blood glucose in a patient with HHS is lower than in the patient with DKA. D. Alkalosis results from inadequate tissue perfusion in a patient with HHS.

B. There is a lack of ketone formation in a patient with HHS.

After exposure, how many weeks does it usually take for primary syphilis to occur? A. Four to eight weeks B. Three to six weeks C. One to two weeks D. Two to four weeks

B. Three to six weeks

Which of the following may lead to sinusitis? A. Otitis media B. Upper respiratory system infection C. Severe head trauma D. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

B. Upper respiratory system infection

A patient complains of pink eye with mild burning, itching, and a feeling of grit in the eye. There is no exudate. What is appropriate for you to do? A. Administer an antibiotic ointment. B. Wear gloves when caring for the patient. C. Determine whether the infection is viral or bacterial. D. Place a wet compress over the eye.

B. Wear gloves when caring for the patient.

After assessing a patient experiencing a behavioral disorder, you determine that conducting a mental status exam would be useful. When conducting the MSE, what question might you ask? A. Have you had a fever over the last few days? B. What is the day, month, and year? C. What have you recently had to eat and drink? D. Why are you behaving so strangely?

B. What is the day, month, and year?

The neurotransmitter ________ is responsible for contraction of the muscle. A. acetylcholinesterase B. acetylcholine C. phosphokinase D. myoglobin

B. acetylcholine

A patient is found in an alleyway conscious, alert, and breathing. The patient complains of extreme nausea, chills, and is having hallucinations. He keeps asking for a "drink" of beer. You suspect: A. schizophrenia. B. acute withdrawal. C. a cognitive disorder. D. bipolar disorder.

B. acute withdrawal.

A 16-year-old boy has been inhaling paint fumes to "feel good." His grandmother called 911 when she found him doing this in the basement and he told her he was having a hard time breathing. He is alert and oriented, with a patent airway and adequate breathing. His radial pulse is strong and skin warm and dry. Your partner reports mild wheezing in both lungs. Vital signs are: pulse 92, respirations 20, blood pressure 148/62, and SpO2 98 percent on room air. He has no medical history. Appropriate initial care may include all of the following EXCEPT: A. administering oxygen. B. administering albuterol. C. monitoring cardiac rhythm. D. positioning to prevent aspiration.

B. administering albuterol.

Patients with an allergic reaction that produces mild to moderate wheezing without airway swelling or hypotension may be best served by receiving: A. IV fluids. B. an albuterol treatment. C. a blood transfusion. D. oxygen.

B. an albuterol treatment.

Wet gangrene, so called because the infected area oozes foul-smelling liquid, occurs as a result of: A. Stevens-Johnson syndrome. B. an untreated infection. C. pressure ischemia. D. group A hemolytic streptococci.

B. an untreated infection.

A state of uneasiness, discomfort, apprehension, and restlessness is called: A. dementia. B. anxiety. C. anger. D. delirium.

B. anxiety.

You are called to a doctor's office for a patient with Hematochezia. You know that Hematochezia is: A. cloudy urine. B. blood in the stool. C. a blood clot. D. blood in the urine.

B. blood in the stool.

Inflammation of the skin, including the dermis and subcutaneous layers, that is usually caused by bacterial infection would be identified as: A. rhabdomyolysis. B. cellulitis. C. necrotizing fasciitis. D. an abscess.

B. cellulitis.

You respond for a 52-year-old woman complaining of pain in her right calf. She has been relatively immobile since fracturing her ankle two weeks earlier. You should first suspect: A. multiple myeloma. B. deep vein thrombosis. C. sickle cell crisis. D. pathological fracture.

B. deep vein thrombosis.

The MOST important factor in treating any behavioral problem is: A. ensuring all patients are restrained prior to transport. B. ensuring scene safety prior to approaching the patient. C. collecting evidence for examination at the hospital. D. obtaining a detailed examination of all patients.

B. ensuring scene safety prior to approaching the patient.

A non-pacemaker heart cell that automatically depolarizes is called a(n) ______ focus. A) Ischemic B) Irritable C) Ectopic D) Reentry

C) Ectopic

One of the primary treatments for rhabdomyolysis is:

administer an isotonic crystalloid solution

Under stress, cortisol from the adrenal glands stimulates an increase in ________, and thus an increase in BGL, to provide energy. A. insulin B. glucagon C. glucose D. fatty acids

B. glucagon

Under stress, cortisol from the adrenal glands stimulates an increase in ____________________, and thus an increase in BGL, to provide energy. A. insulin B. glucagon C. glucose D. fatty acids

B. glucagon

The management of medical and trauma emergencies in diabetic patients is complicated by impaired: A. insulin depletion. B. glucose homeostasis. C. ketoacidosis. D. cortisol production.

B. glucose homeostasis.

An allergic reaction, as contrasted with an anaphylactic reaction, will: A. have a more rapid onset with more serious symptoms. B. have a more gradual onset with milder symptoms. C. require fluids to support blood pressure. D. present a patient with an altered mental status.

B. have a more gradual onset with milder symptoms.

What condition is characterized by flulike symptoms, and an enlarged and tender liver? A. cirrhosis B. hepatitis C. esophageal varices D. cholecystitis

B. hepatitis

The homeostatic function of the endocrine system is regulated by: A. voluntary control. B. hormonal release. C. nervous system stimulation. D. baroreceptors.

B. hormonal release.

A sexually transmitted infection associated with cervical cancer in women is: A. syphilis. B. human papillomavirus. C. trichomoniasis. D. chlamydia.

B. human papillomavirus.

The AEMT should recognize the root cause of heart failure is: A. poor gas exchange in the lungs. B. inadequate cardiac output. C. fluid accumulation in the lung tissue. D. backup of fluid in the lower extremities.

B. inadequate cardiac output.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by: A. insufficient glucose production. B. insufficient insulin production. C. excessive insulin production. D. excessive glucose production.

B. insufficient insulin production.

When assessing a patient, you might suspect a splenic problem if the patient is complaining of left upper quadrant pain, which may radiate to the: A. neck. B. left shoulder. C. sternum. D. right shoulder.

B. left shoulder.

The MOST common cause of status epilepticus in a patient with a history of seizures is: A. brain swelling from traumatic head injury. B. low levels of anti-seizure medications. C. overdose of a hypnotic medication. D. a sudden drop in blood sugar levels.

B. low levels of anti-seizure medications.

Your patient is a 28-year-old man who is found unconscious, breathing deeply and rapidly with a weak, rapid pulse. The patient's skin is warm with dry mucous membranes and you note a fruity odor to the breath. Treatment for this patient would EXCLUDE: A. isotonic IV fluid administration. B. oral glucose. C. high-flow oxygen by mask. D. possible dextrose administration.

B. oral glucose.

A degenerative joint disease in which the articular cartilage is damaged and breaks down is known as: A. bursitis B. osteoporosis C. osteoarthritis D. arthritis

B. osteoarthritis

Grey Turner's sign is indicative of acute: A. kidney stones. B. pancreatitis. C. cholecystitis. D. appendicitis

B. pancreatitis.

The condition in which the foreskin has been retracted and narrows below the glans, possibly leading to tissue death and necrosis, is called: A. epididymitis. B. paraphimosis. C. orchitis. D. phimosis.

B. paraphimosis.

The division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for controlling vegetative functions is the ________ nervous system. A. afferent B. parasympathetic C. sympathetic D. somatic

B. parasympathetic

When managing a patient that has been exposed to a poisonous substance, the FIRST priority of the AEMT is to: A. induce vomiting. B. perform a primary assessment. C. administer activated charcoal. D. identify the poison.

B. perform a primary assessment.

You are called for a six-year-old boy who has been very sick for several days. His signs and symptoms include hypersalivation and hydrophobia. These symptoms are immediately suggestive of: A. tularemia. B. rabies. C. Lyme disease. D. hanta virus.

B. rabies.

An organic brain disease that is characterized by a significant change in behavior and loss of contact with reality is: A. anxiety. B. schizophrenia. C. bipolar disorder. D. depression.

B. schizophrenia.

All of the following would be appropriate care for a patient with non-traumatic back pain EXCEPT: A. application of an ice pack to the affected area. B. spinal motion restriction C. administration of anti-inflammatory medications. D. administration of analgesia prior to moving the patient.

B. spinal motion restriction

All of the following would be appropriate care for a patient with non-traumatic back pain EXCEPT: A. application of an ice pack to the affected area. B. spinal motion restriction. C. administration of anti-inflammatory medications. D. administration of analgesia prior to moving the patient.

B. spinal motion restriction.

If insulin production and secretion are insufficient for metabolic needs:

glucose will accumulate in the bloodstream.

Which of the following statements regarding meningitis is TRUE? The incidence of childhood meningitis has increased recently. The incidence of childhood meningitis has increased recently. Viral meningitis occurs more often during the winter months. Bacterial meningitis is more serious and can be fatal. Viral meningitis is spread through contact with nasal and oral secretions.

Bacterial meningitis is more serious and can be fatal.

Which of the following would be considered a significant exposure? tanding in the same room with a patient with tuberculosis Touching a cloth with blood from an elderly cardiac patient Being stuck with a needle while starting an IV on a patient with hepatitis B Wearing gloves while caring for a patient with a skin rash

Being stuck with a needle while starting an IV on a patient with hepatitis B

Which of the following is the BEST description of diabetic ketoacidosis? A) A complication of type 2 diabetes without ketoacidosis B) An extreme, life-threatening form of hyperthyroidism C) Hallmark signs include polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia D) A disease of glucose regulation and insufficient insulin production

C) Hallmark signs include polyphagia, polyuria, and polydipsia

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by:

insufficient insulin production.

Which of the following is the major cause of pain for the sickle cell patient?

Blood clots form in the lungs. Correct: Clumps of sickle cells obstruct capillary beds. Hemolysis of the cells leads to gallstones. Blood pools in the spleen causing pain.

In which of the following conditions would you find a patient with myxedema? A) Hyperthyroidism B) Graves' disease C) Hypothyroidism D) Addison disease

C) Hypothyroidism

Which of the following correctly identifies the routes by which a poison can enter the human body? A) Inhalation, Injection, Nasal-Oral, Visual B) Exposure, Ingestion, Inhalation, Injection C) Ingestion, Inhalation, Injection, Absorption D) Topical, Inhalation, Nasal-Oral, Absorption

C) Ingestion, Inhalation, Injection, Absorption

If blood glucose exceeds 180 mg/dL, the kidneys will: A) Retain glucose in the bloodstream. B) Increase the ability to store glucose. C) Release excess glucose in the urine. D) Retain both sodium and potassium.

C) Release excess glucose in the urine.

What is the only organ in the body that does NOT require insulin in order for glucose to enter its cells?

Brain

Which of the following statements regarding glucose use by the cells is TRUE? Brain cells require glucose to function. The brain can convert to using fats for energy. Glycogen is stored in the pancreas for cellular use. The brain requires insulin to absorb glucose.

Brain cells require glucose to function.

Muscle edema, in which the pressure within the fascial compartment of the muscle increases above the capillary perfusion pressure, results in: A) Pathological fractures. B) Rhabdomyolysis. C) Compartment syndrome. D) Dry gangrene.

C) Compartment syndrome.

You are assessing a patient with schizophrenia. Friends called 911 because he was experiencing hallucinations this morning. He is prescribed thoiridazine and risperidone for his illness. Which of the following questions is MOST pertinent to the current situation and must be asked FIRST? A. "Has your psychiatrist considered changing the dose of your medications?" B. "Do you drink alcohol to help get you through the day?" C. "Have you been taking your medications as prescribed?" D. "Do you think that the hallucinations are real?"

C. "Have you been taking your medications as prescribed?"

The dose of glucagon when given IM is: A. 5 mg IV. B. 50 mg IV. C. 1 mg IM. D. 10 mg IM.

C. 1 mg IM.

Which of the following blood glucose levels is considered normal for an adult? A. 40 mg/dL B. 150 mg/dL C. 80 mg/dL D. 120 mg/dL

C. 80 mg/dL

For which of the following patients should you call for ALS assistance? A. A patient with chest pain that is relieved with nitroglycerin B. A teenager with shortness of breath and tingling of the lips and fingers C. A bradycardic patient with chest pain and a blood pressure of 88/62 D. A 72-year-old woman with chest pain that subsides when she rests

C. A bradycardic patient with chest pain and a blood pressure of 88/62

Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE? A. Common forms include Hodgkin's lymphoma. B. Leukemia is a disease of children and young adults, not older adults. C. A patient with leukemia may bleed excessively. D. Leukemias are cancers of red blood cells.

C. A patient with leukemia may bleed excessively.

Which medication would be the BEST choice for reducing the bronchospasm and laryngeal edema associated with anaphylaxis? A. Oxygen B. Dexamethasone C. Albuterol D. Solu-Medrol

C. Albuterol

Your patient is having a reaction after taking a new ACE inhibitor for hypertension. Which of the following would you MOST likely see? A. Hyperthermia B. Diaphoresis C. Angioedema D. Hypertension

C. Angioedema

Which statement regarding behavioral emergencies is TRUE? A. Any patient under immense stress will experience a behavioral emergency. B. Anyone ineffectively coping with stress will experience a behavioral emergency. C. Anyone may experience a behavioral emergency given the right circumstances. D. Any patient with a diagnosed mental illness will experience frequent behavioral emergencies.

C. Anyone may experience a behavioral emergency given the right circumstances.

You are treating a six-year-old boy who has signs and symptoms of influenza, including fever. In treating this patient, which of the following would be contraindicated? A. Motrin B. Tylenol C. Aspirin D. Fluid challenge

C. Aspirin

You are on the scene and treating a critical patient who is exhibiting signs of renal failure. How often should you reassess this patient? A. Every 15 minutes B. Continuously C. At least every five minutes D. Every 10 minutes

C. At least every five minutes

Of the following, which is the MOST common cause of a transient ischemic attack? A. Aneurism B. Illegal drug use C. Atherosclerosis D. Prinzmetal's angina

C. Atherosclerosis

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias can lead to the formation of blood clots, which increases the risk for stroke? A. Asystole B. Ventricular tachycardia C. Atrial fibrillation D. Sinus arrhythmia

C. Atrial fibrillation

Which of the following statements regarding meningitis is TRUE? A. The incidence of childhood meningitis has increased recently. B. Viral meningitis occurs more often during the winter months. C. Bacterial meningitis is more serious and can be fatal. D. Viral meningitis is spread through contact with nasal and oral secretions.

C. Bacterial meningitis is more serious and can be fatal.

Which of the following would be considered a significant exposure? A. Standing in the same room with a patient with tuberculosis B. Touching a cloth with blood from an elderly cardiac patient C. Being stuck with a needle while starting an IV on a patient with hepatitis B D. Wearing gloves while caring for a patient with a skin rash

C. Being stuck with a needle while starting an IV on a patient with hepatitis B

When assessing a patient, which of the following should you recognize as an indication for aspirin therapy? A. The patient takes an aspirin a day to prevent heart attacks. B. A complaint of a headache after taking nitroglycerin C. Chest discomfort that is suggestive of a heart attack D. A systolic blood pressure above 100 mmHg

C. Chest discomfort that is suggestive of a heart attack

One of the inflammatory disease processes that can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract is: A. diverticulitis. B. ulcerative colitis. C. Crohn's disease. D. cholecystitis.

C. Crohn's disease.

Late one night, you are called for a patient with an acute onset of altered mental status. You find that the elderly patient is confused and combative. His medical history includes hypertension, diabetes, and kidney failure. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of his altered mental status? A. Neuropathy B. Dementia C. Delirium D. Alzheimer's

C. Delirium

The list of the patient's medications is extremely important in the assessment of a patient with an apparent behavioral emergency. If a patient were to tell you that he was taking St. John's wort, what condition might he be trying to treat? A. Sleep disorder B. Psychosis C. Depression D. Panic attack

C. Depression

If you suspect aortic dissection, which of the following are considered appropriate interventions? A. Ask the patient to perform a Valsalva maneuver. B. Administer IV fluids to obtain a systolic BP of at least 100 mmHg. C. Ensure a patent airway with adequate ventilation and oxygenation. D. Administer nitroglycerin.

C. Ensure a patent airway with adequate ventilation and oxygenation.

Your patient is a 23-year-old man who was complaining of shortness of breath following a bee sting. He is audibly wheezing, and his respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute. His skin is cool and clammy, and he is tachycardic. What is the primary drug used to treat this patient? A. Albuterol B. Diphenhydramine C. Epinephrine D. Atropine

C. Epinephrine

Your patient is a 64-year-old man with a recurrent case of herpes. He has called 911 because he has raised, red lesions scattered around his stomach and back. Which of the following should you suspect? A. Toxic epidermal necrolysis B. Cellulitis C. Erythema multiforme D. Stevens-Johnson syndrome

C. Erythema multiforme

During coagulation, a circulating substance creates a meshwork to reinforce the blood clot and stabilize it. What is this substance called? A. Rh antigen B. Antibodies C. Fibrin D. Platelets

C. Fibrin

Which of the following is the BEST way to differentiate between non-life-threatening and life-threatening causes of headache? A. Find out if trauma was involved. B. Ask if the patient has allergies. C. Gather a good history using OPQRST. D. Evaluate the blood glucose level.

C. Gather a good history using OPQRST.

Which of the following is a form of arthritis that occurs from uric acid crystals being deposited in a joint? A. Bursitis B. Rickets C. Gout D. Osteopenia

C. Gout

A young male golfer has been struck in the right eye with a golf club. The upper and lower lids are swollen shut and ecchymotic. There are also some blood clots noted between the eyelids. Which of the following indicates that the AEMT is providing proper care to this patient? A. He administers antibiotic drops to the eye. B. He places a numbing medication in the eye. C. He wipes blood from the face but not the eve. D. He applies pressure to the injured eye to control bleeding.

C. He wipes blood from the face but not the eye.

Which of the following would be considered a bloodborne pathogen? A. Hepatitis A B. Tuberculosis C. Hepatitis B D. Measles

C. Hepatitis B

Which of the following is considered a narcotic? A. Mescaline B. Ritalin C. Heroin D. Crack

C. Heroin

Which of the following pathogens can lie dormant in the body but reemerge under times of stress? A. Fungi B. Giardia lamblia C. Herpes viruses D. Hepatitis

C. Herpes viruses

Which one of the following statements about the P wave is TRUE? It represents ventricular depolarization. It follows the R wave on normal ECGs. C. It corresponds to atrial depolarization. It is a rounded wave appearing after the QRS complex.

C. It corresponds to atrial depolarization.

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding tularemia? A. It is a gastrointestinal illness spread through food. B. It causes hemolytic uremic syndrome if left untreated. C. It has been identified as a potential weapon of bioterrorism. D. It is a bacterial infection transmitted by black-legged ticks.

C. It has been identified as a potential weapon of bioterrorism.

Which of the following is TRUE concerning sickle cell anemia? A. It is an acquired disease in which the body cannot absorb iron. B. It is a hereditary disease involving lack of intrinsic factor. C. It is a hereditary disease involving abnormal hemoglobin. D. It is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys its own hemoglobin.

C. It is a hereditary disease involving abnormal hemoglobin.

What gives the cornea a limited ability to heal? A. Parasympathetic innervation B. Rigidity of tissue C. Lack of direct blood supply D. Proximity to the nasal passages

C. Lack of direct blood supply

Which of the following statements about immunity is TRUE? A. Cell-mediated immunity uses antibody formation to combat pathogens. B. Most specific antibodies are present are birth. C. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity. D. Mast cells are eosinophils that migrate into the tissues.

C. Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity.

You are treating a 19-year-old who is exhibiting the following symptoms: anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, hyperthermia, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. For which of the following findings would the patient's subjective emotional experience be necessary to ascertain? A. Level of responsiveness B. Distractibility C. Mood D. Affect

C. Mood

Which of the following results in a person's behavior being motivated by the desire to assume the sick role or the caretaker of a sick person and receive the associated attention? A. Bipolar disorder B. Psychosis C. Munchausen syndrome D. Anorexia

C. Munchausen syndrome

Which of the following is the result of a portion of the heart muscle dying due to a lack of oxygen? A. Cardiac arrest B. Heart failure C. Myocardial infarction D. Angina pectoris

C. Myocardial infarction

Which of the following statements regarding the pathophysiology of stroke is TRUE? A. Ventricular fibrillation leads to the formation of blood clots in the atria. B. Ischemic stroke is often a result of an aneurysm. C. Neurological damage and death can begin within four minutes. D. Ischemic stroke usually presents with a severe headache.

C. Neurological damage and death can begin within four minutes.

In your attempt to evaluate an agitated 39-year-old woman, you observe signs that might indicate impending violence. These signs include which of the following? A. Melancholy B. Edema C. Pacing D. Profuse sweating

C. Pacing

A 26-year-old woman is complaining of abdominal pain. She states that the pain is generalized to her abdomen and worsens when walking. She also tells you that she is having a foul-smelling, yellow-colored vaginal discharge. As such, you would treat her for what condition? A. Ectopic pregnancy B. Ovarian cyst C. Pelvic inflammatory disease D. Mittelschmerz

C. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following statements regarding capillaries is TRUE? A. They contain valves to limit back flow of blood. B. They consist of three layers or coats. C. Red blood cells move through in single file. D. The thinnest layer is the tunica adventitia.

C. Red blood cells move through in single file.

You are on a scene with a patient who up until a few seconds ago was calm and compliant. Now he is brandishing a knife and threatening to kill you and your partner if you do not immediately leave. The man is intoxicated and police have been notified but have not yet arrived. Which of the following is your BEST course of action? A. Attempt to "talk down" the patient. B. Immediately physically restrain the patient. C. Remove yourself, your partner, and family from the house. D. Encourage the man's wife to calm him down.

C. Remove yourself, your partner, and family from the house.

Your 32-year-old male patient presents with constant, severe flank pain, radiating to his groin with tenderness over the costovertebral angle, and hematuria. What should be the MOST likely differential diagnosis? A. Nephritis B. Chronic renal failure C. Renal calculi D. Appendicitis

C. Renal calculi

Which of the following has signs and symptoms that can mimic an abdominal aortic aneurysm? A. Uremia B. Phimosis C. Renal colic D. Nephritis

C. Renal colic

Which of the following is your FIRST priority when responding to the scene of a patient complaining of anaphylaxis? A. Airway maintenance B. Fluid resuscitation C. Scene safety D. Respiratory support

C. Scene safety

A patient is exhibiting signs of extreme stress, including tachycardia, tachypnea, and diaphoresis, and his family members report that he went blank for a few moments, staring off into space, and during this time was unresponsive to verbal stimuli. The patient does not remember this episode. This was the reason for their call to 911. The patient insists he is fine and does not need medical attention. He appears to be oriented to person, time, and place. Which of the following might be suspected for this patient? A. Drugs B. Hypoglycemia C. Seizure D. Uremia

C. Seizure

You are caring for a patient who was stung by something he couldn't identify while swimming in the ocean. After you remove the remaining nematocysts, what action by you will be MOST effective in inactivating the venom? A. Administering an antivenin B. Soaking the area in cold water C. Soaking the area in warm water D. Administering epinephrine

C. Soaking the area in warm water

Injury to which of the following organs causes greatest concern for hemorrhagic shock? A. Kidneys B. Liver C. Spleen D. Appendix

C. Spleen

Which of the following can produce a toxin that leads to toxic shock syndrome? A. Cryptosporidium B. Herpes virus C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Enterococcus

C. Staphylococcus aureus

Which step can an AEMT take to develop induced active immunity to infectious illnesses and thus prevent the spread of communicable diseases? A. Receive injections of immunoglobulins regularly. B. Take preventative antibiotics and antiviral drugs. C. Stay up to date on all vaccinations. D. Wash hands thoroughly after each patient encounter.

C. Stay up to date on all vaccinations.

You have administered a dose of activated charcoal to a patient who has ingested a toxin. The patient asks for a drink of water after he finishes drinking the charcoal. How should you respond? A. Tell the patient that juice would be better to drink at this time. B. Tell the patient that he should drink 1 L of water within the next hour. C. Tell the patient he cannot have anything else by mouth. D. Give the patient 8 oz. of water to drink.

C. Tell the patient he cannot have anything else by mouth.

Which of the following is a sign of prerenal renal failure? A. Capillary refill of less than two seconds B. Increased fluid intake C. Tenting of the skin D. Moist mucus membranes

C. Tenting of the skin

You are told after delivering your chest pain patient to the emergency department that he is on his way to the cardiac catheterization lab. How does this help the patient? A. An X-ray is taken to determine if the left ventricle is enlarged. B. The patient can have some aberrant conduction pathways cauterized. C. The surgeon can place a stent to open an occluded artery. D. The patient has some blood drawn to check for cardiac enzyme levels.

C. The surgeon can place a stent to open an occluded artery.

You have a patient who was possibly bitten by a rabid dog. Which of the following is CORRECT about rabies? A. It has been identified as a potential weapon of bioterrorism. B. Infection can lead to Bell's palsy, headaches, and meningitis. C. The virus travels along nerves from the bite to the brain. D. The virus causes inflammation of brain tissue.

C. The virus travels along nerves from the bite to the brain.

Which of the following would explain why a person might need an implanted pacemaker device? A. The heart muscle is damaged and is unable to contract. B. Their potassium levels are too low, which prevents depolarization. C. There is a problem with the electrical system in the heart. D. They have malfunctioning valves between the cardiac chambers.

C. There is a problem with the electrical system in the heart.

Which one of the following statements about the four chambers of the heart is CORRECT? A. Atria are the two largest chambers of the heart. B. Ventricles receive incoming blood from the body. C. Ventricles are inferior to the atria. D. Atria are the inferior chambers of the heart.

C. Ventricles are inferior to the atria.

Which of the following neurological conditions is caused by Vitamin B1 deficiency? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Bell's palsy C. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome D. Myasthenia gravis

C. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

The condition in which the heart's reduced stroke volume causes an overload of fluid in the lungs is called: A. myocardial infarction. B. angina pectoris. C. acute heart failure. D. Prinzmetal's angina.

C. acute heart failure.

One of the primary treatments for rhabdomyolysis is: A. administration of a 50 percent dextrose solution. B. IV administration of pain relievers. C. administration of isotonic crystalloid fluids. D. IV antibiotics to reduce inflammation of the tissue

C. administration of isotonic crystalloid fluids.

Patients diagnosed with, or at high risk for DVT are usually prescribed: A. a diuretic. B. an anti-inflammatory. C. an anticoagulant medication. D. analgesics.

C. an anticoagulant medication.

A condition that occurs as a result of panic disorder, phobia, or post-traumatic stress is termed: A. dementia. B. delirium. C. anxiety. D. manic depression.

C. anxiety.

The ability to make sense of sounds is impaired by damage to the: A. cerumen. B. pinnas. C. auditory cortex. D. cochleas.

C. auditory cortex.

Muscle edema, in which the pressure within the fascial compartment of the muscle increases above capillary perfusion pressure, results in: A. rhabdomyolysis. B. pathological fractures. C. compartment syndrome. D. dry gangrene.

C. compartment syndrome.

Cholecystitis often occurs after: A. severe vomiting. B. use of NSAIDs. C. consuming a meal high in fat. D. prolonged period of constipation.

C. consuming a meal high in fat.

A Mallory-Weiss tear is a disorder of the: A. stomach. B. liver. C. esophagus. D. rectum.

C. esophagus.

A patient has an advanced infection in his foot. There appears to be an accumulation of gas in the tissues which causes a crackling sensation on palpation. This sign is typically seen in: A. cellulitis. B. necrotizing fasciitis. C. gas gangrene. D. dry gangrene.

C. gas gangrene.

Your patient is extremely hypertensive with a diastolic reading of over 130 mmHg. He complains of a severe headache, vomiting, and dizziness. You should suspect: A. non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema B. spinal meningitis. C. hypertensive encephalopathy. D. dissecting aortic aneurysm

C. hypertensive encephalopathy.

Your patient is extremely hypertensive with a diastolic reading of over 130 mmHg. He complains of a severe headache, vomiting, and dizziness. You should suspect: A. noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. B. spinal meningitis. C. hypertensive encephalopathy. D. dissecting aortic aneurysm.

C. hypertensive encephalopathy.

Aspirin is used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia because it: A. has analgesic effects. B. can cause gastric upset and bleeding. C. inhibits the aggregation of platelets. D. is a thrombolytic.

C. inhibits the aggregation of platelets.

You have a young male patient who tells you he has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. All of the following are common with this disease EXCEPT: A. weakened respiratory muscles can lead to pneumonia. B. patients usually die from respiratory failure in the early 20s. C. it occurs more commonly in females than males. D. the patient will be wheelchair bound by age 12.

C. it occurs more commonly in females than males.

A 15-year-old girl you suspect has epiglottitis is having increasing difficulty breathing. You have begun to hear stridor in her respirations. You should: A. monitor for seizure activity. B. manually open the airway. C. keep the patient calm. D. intubate the airway.

C. keep the patient calm.

Your patient is complaining about severe pain from a minor scratch on his arm. His medical history includes type 2 diabetes and hypertension. He is agonizing over the pain in his arm. You should suspect: A. ankylosing spondylosis. B. infectious cellulitis. C. necrotizing fasciitis. D. dry gangrene.

C. necrotizing fasciitis.

A degenerative joint disease in which the articular cartilage is damaged and breaks down is known as: A. bursitis. B. osteoporosis. C. osteoarthritis. D. arthritis.

C. osteoarthritis.

Trauma from insertion of an object into the external ear canal can result in: A. labyrinthitis. B. otitis media. C. otitis externa. D. Ménière's syndrome.

C. otitis externa.

A patient with acute peritonitis may present with shallow breathing resulting from: A. inflammation. B. hypovolemia. C. pain. D. DKA.

C. pain.

The part of the nervous system that extends throughout the body is called the ________ nervous system. A. ventral B. somatic C. peripheral D. afferent

C. peripheral

All of the following are good indicators of affect EXCEPT: A. behavior. B. movements. C. religious beliefs. D. posture.

C. religious beliefs.

You are called for a 48-year-old man who is complaining of back and leg pain. Your assessment finds pain and tenderness in his lower back with tingling through his left buttock and down his left leg. He tells you that he has been moving furniture. You should suspect: A. kyphosis. B. decubitus. C. sciatica. D. osteoarthritis.

C. sciatica.

Consider a hemorrhagic stroke if the patient describes it as: A. dull or achy pain with a feeling of forceful pressure. B. being accompanied by nausea and photosensitivity. C. sudden in onset and "the worst headache of my life." D. lasting for more than 18-24 hours.

C. sudden in onset and "the worst headache of my life."

For a critical patient with type 2 diabetes in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, you would document each of the following in the patient care report EXCEPT: A. the patient was unresponsive. B. a rapid physical examination was performed. C. the patient's family history is unknown. D. the patient's initial SpO2 was 94 percent.

C. the patient's family history is unknown.

When restraining a patient, all of the following apply EXCEPT: A. using the least amount of restraint necessary. B. preserving the dignity of the patient. C. using restraint as a punishment. D. ensuring the safety of your crew.

C. using restraint as a punishment.

CHAPTER 21 (module 2)

CARDIOVASCULAR

You are having difficulty verbally communicating with your 55-year-old female patient. Which of the following would be the BEST way to next attempt to communicate with her? A. Try to use sign language. B. Have her nod her head. C. Speak more loudly to her. D. Attempt written communication.

D. Attempt written communication.

Which of the following is a sign of prerenal renal failure?

Capillary refill of less than two seconds Increased fluid intake Correct Answer:Tenting of the skin Moist mucus membranes

Which of the following statements about immunity is TRUE?

Cell-mediated immunity uses antibody formation to combat pathogens. Most specific antibodies are present are birth. Correct answer: Lymphocytes are involved in specific immunity. Mast cells are eosinophils that migrate into the tissues.

You are caring for a patient with significant stroke symptoms. You are completing your assessment when you notice that the patient's SpO2 reading is dropping. Which of the following should you do next? Check the oxygen cylinder pressure. Check the batteries in your pulse oximeter. Check the patient's skin color and temperature. Check the patient's airway and breathing

Check the patient's airway and breathing

When assessing a patient with type 2 diabetes, which of the following is an oral antihyperglycemic medication you might document that the patient takes?

Chlorpropramide

What is the name for a series of one-sided headaches that are sudden and intense but of short duration?

Cluster

Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE?

Common forms include Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leukemia is a disease of children and young adults, not older adults. Correct answer: A patient with leukemia may bleed excessively. Leukemias are cancers of red blood cells.

The connection points between the arterial and venous systems are called: A) Lumens. B) Venules. C) Tunica. D) Capillaries.

D) Capillaries.

Which of the following heart chambers pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

left ventrical

An alert and oriented 18-year-old woman has threatened to hurt herself but is refusing transport to the hospital. She is calm and states that she knows her rights and taking her would constitute false imprisonment. Her family is present and wants her to go to the hospital for help. Given the situation and the patient's threat, what is your BEST course of action?

Contact law enforcement for assistance.

Which of the following statements regarding the administration of nitroglycerin tablets is TRUE?

Correct Answer: The patient may complain of a headache after administration. Dilation of the coronary arteries worsens myocardial perfusion. an increase in blood pressure should be expected

Which of the following statements regarding a transient ischemic attack is TRUE?

Correct answer: A patient who has had a TIA is at high risk for subsequent stroke. If it doesn't resolve within two hours, it is a full-blown stroke. If not promptly treated, a TIA will progress to a stroke. Signs and symptoms are very different from a stroke.

You are transporting a patient who had an episode of chest pain. You administered two doses of nitroglycerin, which relieved the patient's pain. He asks you why the nitroglycerin alleviated the pain. Which of the following is the BEST answer to his question?

Correct answer: It dilates the blood vessels, which decreases the workload on the heart. It has a sedative effect on the brain, which makes you less aware of the pain. It causes the body to relax, which decreases the need for oxygen. It decreases the heart rate, which allows the heart muscle to rest more.

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding peritoneal dialysis?

Correct answer: It is less efficient than hemodialysis. Hypotension is a frequent side effect. A shunt graft surgically connects an artery and vein. Patients are treated at dialysis centers.

You have responded for a 65-year-old man with chest pain. You note that his blood pressure is 88/62 and his heart rate is 136. Which of the following should you suspect? A) Angina pectoris B) Pain and anxiety C) Cardiac tamponade D) Cardiogenic shock

D) Cardiogenic shock

At the scene, you are treating Justine, a 78-year-old woman. Justine is in generally good health but is complaining about intermittent, colicky pain. Given her age, what is more likely to be the cause of her pain? A. Hematochezia B. Anorectal varices C. Diverticulitis D. Bowel obstruction

D. Bowel obstruction

You have been called for a 13-year-old boy who was caught sniffing glue by his parents. The boy is lethargic and confused and complaining of burning to the mouth and nose as well as nausea and vomiting. Based on the clinical presentation and mechanism of illness, how has this poison affected the boy's brain? A) Absorbing through the small intestine into the blood stream and then on to the brain B) Directly contacting the brain by crossing the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose C) Fumes from the glue were absorbed through the mucous membranes of the eyes and then on to the brain D) Crossing from the lungs into the blood stream and then circulating to the brain

D) Crossing from the lungs into the blood stream and then circulating to the brain

What type of treatment is important to provide patients with sepsis who may be hypothermic?

Cover the patient with blankets

Crossing from the lungs into the blood stream and then circulating to the brain

Problems related to a patient experiencing hallucinations, phobias, or delusions are related to the patient's: A) sensorium. B) bipolar disorder. C) cognitive processes. D) perceptual processes.

D) perceptual processes.

After determining that a patient intentionally took an overdose of blood pressure medications, which of the following questions by the AEMT would be MOST appropriate? A. "Were you confused about the proper dose?" B. "Why did you take so many?" C. "Are you on other medications?" D. "How many did you take?"

D. "How many did you take?"

You have been called to a residence for a 31-year-old patient complaining of confusion, nausea, vomiting, and a headache. He states that this started this morning and has been getting worse all day. Despite lying in bed and resting all day, he is more fatigued than before. Which of the following statements made by the patient would the AEMT recognize as MOST important in relation to the patient's present complaint? A. "My wife is taking penicillin, to which I am allergic." B. "I tried some raw seafood last week." C. "I have not been sleeping well the past few nights." D. "I just turned the furnace on last night."

D. "I just turned the furnace on last night."

When on the scene, noncritical patients should be reassessed at least every. minutes. A. 10 B. 30 C. 5 D. 15

D. 15

Which of the following blood glucose readings would you see in a patient in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state? A. 60 mg/dL. B. 300 mg/dL C. 80 mg/dL. D. 900 mg/dL

D. 900 mg/dL

Which of the following patients would be MOST likely to present with atypical symptoms of acute coronary syndrome? A. A 56-year-old with asthma B. A 32-year-old woman C. A 72-year-old man D. A 68-year-old diabetic

D. A 68-year-old diabetic

In which of the following patients should you suspect pathological fractures? A. A woman tripped and fell down a stairwell. B. A young boy fell off of his bicycle after hitting the curb. C. An older man was struck by a car while crossing the street. D. A little girl broke her arm from pulling her shirt over her head.

D. A little girl broke her arm from pulling her shirt over her head.

Which of the following is the hallmark of anemia? A. Decrease in clotting factors B. Misshapen red blood cells C. Decreased WBC count D. Abnormally low hematocrit

D. Abnormally low hematocrit

A patient presents with a swollen neck, complains of throat pain, and exhibits signs of respiratory distress. You see signs of drooling and hear stridor when the patient breathes. How should your treatment of this patient proceed? A. Open the patient's airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver and apply positive-pressure ventilations. B. Intubate the patient for rapid transport and apply positive-pressure ventilations, C. Administer epinephrine and monitor the patient's status to ensure a second dose is unnecessary. D. Add respiratory protection to your Standard Precautions and monitor the patient's airway status.

D. Add respiratory protection to your Standard Precautions and monitor the patient's airway status.

Of the following situations, which would be LEAST likely to result in infection? A. An AEMT inhales a highly virulent form of anthrax during decontamination. B. An AEMT gets a needle stick from a needle containing contaminated blood. An AEMT gets blood splatter into her eyes from a patient with hepatitis C. D. An AEMT scrubs his hands after transferring a patient with a rash.

D. An AEMT scrubs his hands after transferring a patient with a rash.

Of the following situations, which would be LEAST likely to result in infection? A. An AEMT inhales a highly virulent form of anthrax during decontamination. B. An AEMT gets a needle stick from a needle containing contaminated blood. C. An AEMT gets blood splatter into her eyes from a patient with hepatitis C. D. An AEMT scrubs his hands after transferring a patient with a rash.

D. An AEMT scrubs his hands after transferring a patient with a rash.

After administration of activated charcoal, the patient vomits. What treatment should the AEMT be prepared to give next? A. Large doses of water B. 2 mg of naloxone C. High-flow oxygen D. Another dose of activated charcoal

D. Another dose of activated charcoal

D. Bowel obstruction

What is the only organ in the body that does NOT require insulin in order for glucose to enter its cells? A. Heart B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Brain

D. Brain

What term describes the inflammation usually caused by an occlusion of the gallbladder duct? A. Pancreatitis B. Appendicitis C. Kidney stone D. Cholecystitis

D. Cholecystitis

What type of treatment is important to provide patients with sepsis who may be hypothermic? A. Offer a bronchodilator B. Administer oxygen C. Provide intravenous fluids D. Cover the patient with blankets

D. Cover the patient with blankets

Which of the following signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction would be considered anaphylaxis? A. Scattered wheezing B. Nausea C. Increased peristalsis D. Cyanosis and respiratory distress

D. Cyanosis and respiratory distress

Of the following, which would be the MOST likely dysfunction experienced by a patient with multiple myeloma? A. Decreased T cell production B. Increased T cell production C. Increased blood cell production D. Decreased blood cell production

D. Decreased blood cell production

Severe cases of osteoarthritis can result in what conditions? A. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and decubitus ulcers B. Pathologic fractures and compression fractures C. Acute renal failure and compartment syndrome D. Deformity of the joint and muscle spasms

D. Deformity of the joint and muscle spasms

A patient with peripheral vascular disease and poor circulation who is experiencing tissue death due to ischemia is exhibiting which of the following conditions? A. Wet gangrene B. Decubitus ulcer C. Cellulitis D. Dry gangrene

D. Dry gangrene

You are documenting that your patient has pain when he urinates. Which of the following terms will you use to correctly identify this problem? A. Hematuria B. Uritis C. Uremia D. Dysuria

D. Dysuria

Of the layers of the skin, which has NO direct blood supply? A. Dermis B. Adipose C. Subcutaneous D. Epidermis

D. Epidermis

Your patient is a 23-year-old man who admits that he has chlamydia. He complains of lower abdominal pain and nausea, and says he has swelling in one testicle. He also says the pain has been increasing for the last couple of days. Which of the following should you suspect? A. Phimosis B. Paraphimosis C. Testicular torsion D. Epididymitis

D. Epididymitis

Your young patient appears ill with a high fever, difficulty swallowing and breathing, and drooling. You see that he is sitting upright and leaning forwarding. What should you suspect? A. Croup B. Pneumonia C. Scarlet fever D. Epiglottitis

D. Epiglottitis

Your patient is a 25-year-old woman with a history of diabetes. She is confused, agitated, and verbally abusive to you, and she is very sweaty. Although she refuses to give a history of the present illness, you should suspect low blood glucose levels as the likely cause of her presentation. If this patient accepts treatment and transport, how often should you reassess her? A. Once B. Every 10 minutes C. Every five minutes D. Every 15 minutes

D. Every 15 minutes

Which of the following would you MOST likely see in a patient with an infectious disease? A. Bruising B. Hypertension C. Abrasions D. Fever

D. Fever

Upon examination of a patient, you discover crepitus in the area around the scrotum and perineum. What condition might this indicate? A. Paraphimosis B. Testicular torsion C. Priapism D. Fournier's gangrene

D. Fournier's gangrene

You are treating a 20-year-old man who is complaining of purulent penile discharge and dysuria. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Chlamydia B. Syphilis C. HIV D. Gonorrhea

D. Gonorrhea

You are treating a 48-year-old man who has fallen off a ladder. He is complaining of pain to his right elbow and right ankle. His vital signs are blood pressure 110/74, pulse 48, respirations 18, and blood sugar 88 mg/dL. How should you manage his bradycardia? A. Provide aspirin and IV fluid bolus for cardiac compromise. B. Request ALS intercept to administer cardiac medications. C. Apply transcutaneous pacing pads and begin pacing the patient. D. He is asymptomatic; therefore, supportive treatment is indicated.

D. He is asymptomatic; therefore, supportive treatment is indicated.

Which of the following statements about hepatitis is TRUE? A. All types of hepatitis are typically fatal within six months to two years. B. All types of hepatitis lead to chronic liver disease. C. The most common cause of hepatitis is alcohol abuse. D. Hepatitis has both infectious and non-infectious causes.

D. Hepatitis has both infectious and non-infectious causes.

Which of the following is a cause of secondary headache syndrome? A. Cluster headache B. Migraines C. Photosensitivity D. Hypertension

D. Hypertension

Which of the following is a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke? A. Hypoglycemia B. Spinal injury C. Atrial fibrillation D. Hypertension

D. Hypertension

Which of the following statements regarding blood glucose levels and stroke is TRUE? A. Hyperglycemia is protective of brain cells. B. Glucose requires insulin to enter brain cells. C. Excessive glucose in cells causes cellular dehydration. D. Hypoglycemia worsens neurological outcome.

D. Hypoglycemia worsens neurological outcome.

In which of the following conditions would you find a patient with myxedema? A. Addison's disease B. Graves' disease C. Hyperthyroidism D. Hypothyroidism

D. Hypothyroidism

For a patient with a possible bowel obstruction or infarction, when would you administer oxygen? A. If no sign of shock is present B. If the patient is dehydrated C. If respirations are full D. If the SpO2 indicates hypoxia

D. If the SpO2 indicates hypoxia

You are caring for a 64-year-old woman with chest pain and shortness of breath. She is alert and oriented with an open airway. Her breathing is adequate. She has a normal pulse, and her skin is warm and dry. Which of the following should you do next? A. Hook up the automatic external defibrillator. B. Obtain her heart rate and blood pressure. C. Prepare for immediate transport. D. Inquire about history of heart problems.

D. Inquire about history of heart problems.

Which of the following is the beneficial action of nitroglycerin in some cardiac emergencies? A. It dilates only the coronary arteries. B. It slows down the heart rate. C. It reduces the strength of ventricular contractions. D. It dilates blood vessels throughout the body.

D. It dilates blood vessels throughout the body.

which of the following is the beneficial action of nitroglycerin in some cardiac emergencies? A. It dilates only the coronary arteries. B. It slows down the heart rate. C. It reduces the strength of ventricular contractions. D. It dilates blood vessels throughout the body

D. It dilates blood vessels throughout the body.

Which of the following statements regarding hemoglobin is TRUE? A. It has a greater affinity for oxygen than carbon monoxide. B. It contains proteins such as albumin and antibodies. C. It can carry two oxygen molecules at a time. D. It is a molecule that consists of protein and iron.

D. It is a molecule that consists of protein and iron.

Which of the following can cause particular difficulties when trying to place the patient in a supine position? A. Cellulitis B. Fibromyalgia C. Sciatica D. Kyphosis

D. Kyphosis

Your patient is a 40-year-old woman who has been experiencing abdominal pain and vomiting for two days. She is now responsive to verbal stimulus; has cool, dry skin; a heart rate of 116; respirations of 24; and a blood pressure of 100/70. Which of the following is the BEST position for transporting this patient? A. Sitting up at a 90-degree angle B. Supine with the knees bent C. Sitting up at a 45-degree angle D. Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent

D. Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent

Which of the following heart chambers pumps oxygenated blood to the body? A. Right ventricle B. Left atrium C. Right atrium D. Left ventricle

D. Left ventricle

If a patient complains of right upper quadrant pain, what organ may be involved? A. Stomach B. Appendix C. Spleen D. Liver

D. Liver

Your 17-year-old patient is presenting with fatigue, fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain. Further history reveals a recent camping trip to the mountains. You note a bull's-eye rash on his back that he had missed. You should suspect: A. rabies. B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever C. tularemia. D. Lyme disease.

D. Lyme disease.

You are caring for a 21-year-old woman who is apparently suffering from food poisoning. She has been forcefully vomiting for several hours and has begun to vomit a large amount of blood. What should you suspect? A. Esophagitis B. Esophageal varices C. Peptic ulcer D. Mallory-Weiss tear

D. Mallory-Weiss tear

The universal blood donor type is: A. A B. B C. AB D. O

D. O

If your patient has type O+ blood, what other blood type(s) can she receive? A. AB- B. AB+ C. AB- and O- D. O-

D. O-

When a patient complains of having dark, tarry stools, what medication might be the cause? A. Hydrocodone B. Zofran C. Actonel D. Pepto Bismol

D. Pepto Bismol

Which of the following is usually associated with an anaphylactoid reaction? A. Latex exposure B. Tree nuts C. Shellfish D. Radiological dyes

D. Radiological dyes

Upon examining the patient, you notice that this 45-year-old man is exhibiting inflammation of the skin and blood vessels. What autoimmune diseases might this individual be experiencing? A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Psoriasis C. Systemic lupus erythematosus D. Scleroderma

D. Scleroderma

Your chest pain patient has a pulse of 48. Which pacemaker do you suspect is malfunctioning? A. Atrioventricular node B. Bundle of His C. Purkinje fibers D. Sinoatrial node

D. Sinoatrial node

Which of the following statements regarding autoimmune disease is CORRECT? A. Graves' disease is a common form of collagen vascular disease. B. There is a marked decrease in production of bone marrow cells. C. Type 1 diabetes is a well-known autoimmune disease. D. The immune system fails to recognize its own cells and destroys them.

D. The immune system fails to recognize its own cells and destroys them.

In which of the following situations would the administration of aspirin to a cardiac patient be prohibited? A. The patient has a diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg. B. The patient has chest pain. C. The patient does not currently take aspirin. D. The patient has a known allergy to aspirin.

D. The patient has a known allergy to aspirin.

Which of the following criteria would indicate that a patient is a candidate for fibrinolytic therapy? A. The patient has an active hemorrhage. B. The patient has a low platelet count. C. The patient has uncontrolled hypertension with medication. D. The patient has had an ischemic stroke with measurable neurologic deficit.

D. The patient has had an ischemic stroke with measurable neurologic deficit.

You are responding to a patient who has a weepy rash that itches intensely. She states that a couple of days ago she cleaned out a wooded area behind her home. How should you manage this apparent allergic reaction? A. Administer Benadryl IV and 0.3 mg of 1:1,000 epinephrine. B. Administer Benadryl and 0.5 mg of 1:10,000 epinephrine. C. Provide oxygen via NRB and 100 mg of Benadryl IM. D. The patient's reaction is mild and does not require immediate prehospital treatment.

D. The patient's reaction is mild and does not require immediate prehospital treatment.

Which of the following statements regarding the peripheral circulation is TRUE? A. Vessels vasodilate during hypovolemic shock. B. It contains the large vessels of the body. C. It provides blood flow to the internal organs. D. The vessels lay closer to the surface of the body.

D. The vessels lay closer to the surface of the body.

What is the period between exposure and the production of enough antibodies to be detected in the blood? A. The latent phase B. The disease period C. The fulminant period D. The window phase

D. The window phase

Your 59-year-old patient is suffering an acute myocardial infarction and is a candidate for fibrinolytic therapy. How do fibrinolytics work? A. They reduce cardiac dysrhythmias. B. They increase the blood pressure. C. They cause platelets to become sticky. D. They break down blood clots.

D. They break down blood clots.

Which of the following is the CORRECT treatment for a patient of sexual assault? A. Allow the patient to shower to support her psychological needs, and transport. B. Maintain scene safety and treat only the secondary injuries. C. Treat immediate life threats but don't worry about protecting criminal evidence. D. Treat immediate life threats, treat psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence.

D. Treat immediate life threats, treat psychological needs, and protect criminal evidence.

Which of the following would lead to an increase in bone strength? A. Immobilization in a cast B. Astronauts in weightless conditions C. Being bedbound D. Weight bearing exercise

D. Weight bearing exercise

If a patient is experiencing nausea and vomiting, what medication might the AEMT provide to try and relieve these symptoms? A. Pepto Bismol B. Actonel C. Hydrocodone D. Zofran

D. Zofran

As part of the focused medical examination of the behavioral emergency, the AEMT should perform: A. a head-to-toe trauma assessment. B. pulse oximetry monitoring. C. field sobriety tests. D. a mental status evaluation.

D. a mental status evaluation.

The pathophysiology of toxic inhalation involves: A. bronchoconstriction and dispersal of surfactant. B. bronchodilation and destruction of cilia. C. pulmonary hypertension, alveolar atelectasis, and destruction of cilia. D. absorption of toxins across the respiratory membrane and destruction of alveolar tissue.

D. absorption of toxins across the respiratory membrane and destruction of alveolar tissue.

The current treatment for fibromyalgia is: A. anti-inflammatory drugs. B. sulfonamide antibiotics. C. allopurinol. D. antidepressants.

D. antidepressants.

A patient who was hit in the face with a cloud of dust while working in an industrial setting is complaining of pain and discomfort to his left eye. While performing your secondary assessment on the eye, you note some redness to the globe but do not see any obvious foreign object. The most appropriate care you can provide to this patient would be: A. gently massaging the eye to promote tearing. B. carefully wiping the eye with a soft piece of sterile gauze. C. having the patient hold the eye open during transport. D. covering both eyes with a bandage.

D. covering both eyes with a bandage.

In delirium tremens, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system can lead to: A. confusion. B. sleep disturbances. C. anxietv. D. death.

D. death.

All of the following are signs or symptoms of histamine release EXCEPT: A. constriction of bronchioles. B. edema in the airway. C. peripheral vasodilation. D. decreased vascular permeability.

D. decreased vascular permeability.

Ventricular fibrillation should be treated with immediate: A. antidysrhythmics. B. intubation. C. synchronized cardioversion. D. defibrillation.

D. defibrillation.

An integral part of care for the patient suffering a psychological emergency should include: A. police presence. B. an authoritative presence. C. oxygen by nonrebreather mask. D. developing a rapport with the patient.

D. developing a rapport with the patient.

The term that refers to inflammation of small outpouchings in the walls of the large intestines is: A. peptic ulcer disease. B. cholecystitis. C. pancreatitis. D. diverticulitis.

D. diverticulitis.

When caring for a patient suffering from a nervous system condition or disease, the FIRST priority in patient care is to: A. assess for any neurological deficits. B. administer thrombolytic therapy. C. apply high-concentration oxygen. D. establish and maintain a patent airway.

D. establish and maintain a patent airway.

Pathogens enter the middle ear to cause otitis media by way of the: A. auditory ossicles. B. tympanic membrane. C. cerumen. D. eustachian tubes.

D. eustachian tubes.

A young girl is complaining of eye pain after having sand thrown in her face by another girl at the park. When assessing her eyes, you note large particles of sand in the right eye. The sand appears to be on the conjunctiva, which also appears to be scratched and irritated. Your initial action would be to: A. attempt to remove the larger pieces of sand using a cotton swab. B. stop the tearing by applying gentle pressure to the eye. C. gently wipe the inner eye with sterile pieces of gauze. D. flush the eye with clean water from a nearby sink

D. flush the eye with clean water from a nearby sink

Foreign bodies affect the eye by irritating the cornea and conjunctiva, becoming embedded in the cornea, or penetrating: A. posterior cavity. B. optic nerve. C. fovea. D. globe.

D. globe.

An unconscious patient is hypoglycemic and has no suitable intravenous site. What do you administer to this patient and by which route? A. insulin SQ B. insulin IV C. dextrose 25 percent IM D. glucagon IM

D. glucagon IM

What is typically the best treatment for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis)?

oral medication

Some infections of the inner ear are especially likely to result in deafness in: A. infancy. B. late adulthood. C. early childhood. D. the prenatal period.

D. the prenatal period.

Pain that originates in an organ, such as the intestines, is called _________ pain. A. acute B. parietal C. referred D. visceral

D. visceral

Impetigo is typically seen in: A. patients on ventilators. B. immunocompromised patients. C. the elderly. D. young children.

D. young children.

Delirium

The basis of the excessive urination characteristic of untreated diabetes is called:

osmotic diuresis.

Dysarthria

Your young patient appears ill with a high fever, difficulty swallowing and breathing, and drooling. You see that he is sitting upright and leaning forwarding. What should you suspect?

Epiglottitis

Which toxidrome is most likely to present with oculogyric crisis, torticollis, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Extrapyramidal

Which of the following would you MOST likely see in a patient with an infectious disease? Bruising Hypertension Abrasions Fever

Fever

Which of the following is the BEST way to differentiate between non-life-threatening and life-threatening causes of headache?

Gather a good history using OPQRST.

Exophthalmos, in which swelling of the tissues behind the eyes causes the eyes to protrude, is characteristic of which of the following disorders?

Graves' disease

What can occur when ammonia levels become high from progressive liver failure?

Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatitis

You are called for a 22-year-old girl who has been very sick for a few days and is complaining of upper right quadrant pain and dark urine. These symptoms immediately suggest which of the following conditions? Respiratory infection Hepatitis Meningitis Epiglottitis

Hepatitis

Which of the following illnesses are spread through the gastrointestinal tract?

Hepatitis A and E

Which of the following illnesses are spread through the gastrointestinal tract? Hepatitis C and D Hepatitis A and E Hepatitis B and D Hepatitis A and C

Hepatitis A and E

Which of the following statements regarding blood glucose levels and stroke is TRUE?

Hyperglycemia is protective of brain cells. Glucose requires insulin to enter brain cells. Excessive glucose in cells causes cellular dehydration. Correct answer: Hypoglycemia worsens neurological outcome.

Administer glucose only in what circumstance after consulting with medical direction?

Hypoglycemia

In which of the following conditions would you find a patient with myxedema? Addison's disease Graves' disease Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism

MODULE 6 CHAPTER 28

INFECTIOUS ILLNESSES

The primary treatment for an acute sickle cell crisis includes all of the following EXCEPT:

IV fluid administration. Correct: anticoagulants. narcotic analgesia. oxygen therapy.

Which of the following correctly identifies the routes by which a poison can enter the human body?

Ingestion, Inhalation, Injection, Absorption

When using the mnemonic AEIOU TIPS to assess a patient to determine causes of altered mental status, what issue does the "I" in TIPS remind you to investigate?

Insulin

What are the two endocrine hormones released by the pancreas?

Insulin and glucagon

Which of the following is an action of insulin? It increases the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell. It blocks the uptake of sugar by the body's cells. It increases the transfer of sugar from the stomach and small intestine to the bloodstream. It increases the circulating level of glucose in the blood.

It increases the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell.

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding tularemia?

It is a gastrointestinal illness spread through food. It causes hemolytic uremic syndrome if left untreated. Correct answer: It has been identified as a potential weapon of bioterrorism. It is a bacterial infection transmitted by black-legged ticks.

Which one of the following statements about an abdominal aortic aneurysm is TRUE?

It is more common in women than in men. Symptoms include pain in the calf muscles. It is most prevalent in older patients. It is very painful in the early stages. Correct Answer:It is most prevalent in older patients.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Cushing's disease? It is the result of increasing intracranial pressure. It often results from damage to the adrenal cortex. It is the result of a tumor on the pituitary gland. It presents with hypotension that does not respond to fluid therapy.

It is the result of a tumor on the pituitary gland.

The postictal patient with no suspected spinal injury should be placed in which position?

Lateral recumbent

Which of the following is usually associated with an anaphylactoid reaction?

Latex exposure Tree nuts Shellfish Correct Answer:Radiological dyes

Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent

A patient complains of severe dental pain and says that she "feels sick." This increases your suspicion of:

Ludwig's angina.

The patient in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is at risk for dehydration due to:

osmotic diuresis.

MODULE 4

MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR

Which of the following is typically seen as a nosocomial infection? MRSA Boils Ringworm Impetigo

MRSA

Which of the following is typically seen as a nosocomial infection?

MSRA

Which of the following would be more likely to have urinary tract infections?

Men who have multiple sexual partners Correct answer: Patients who utilize a Foley catheter Patients who take blood pressure medications People who eat a lot of grapefruit

Which of the following conditions results from increased pressure?

Ménière's disease

MODULE 7

NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

CHAPTERS 29 & 30 (MODULE 1 )

NON TRAUMATIC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS & HEENT

Which of the following is the BEST way to prevent or control pathogens inside the body? Normal flora Anti-fungal therapy Antibiotic therapy Hand washing

Normal flora

Which one of the following patients is the AEMT justified in restraining?

Patient stating that he wants to kill himself and desires transport to the hospital Correct answer: Patient threatening to kill his wife and trying to leave the scene Patient with depression refusing transport Patient with violent outbursts but at the present time is calm

The MOST common type of arthritis is: A. osteoarthritis. B. ankylosing spondylosis. C. septic arthritis. D. rheumatoid arthritis.

osteoarthritis

Your patient is a 68-year-old man who has apparently suffered a stroke. He is unable to hold himself in an upright position on the stretcher and has begun to vomit. Which of the following actions would be MOST appropriate?

Place him in the left lateral recumbent position.

Seizure

random repeats from all modules

RANDOM REPEATS

MODULE 10 (CHAPTER 25)

RENAL, GU, GYNECOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Upon examining the patient, you notice that this 45-year-old man is exhibiting inflammation of the skin and blood vessels. What autoimmune diseases might this individual be experiencing?

Scleroderma

Bell's palsy is a temporary weakness or paralysis of which cranial nerve? A. Ninth B. Fifth C. Third D. Seventh

Seventh

MODULE 8 CHAPTER 32

TOXICOLIGIC EMERGENCIES

Which of the following can produce a toxin that leads to toxic shock syndrome?

Staphylococcus aureus

Assessment reveals a drooling 57-year-old man with slurred speech and right arm paralysis. Which of the following should be your FIRST priority?

Suction the airway.

You have administered a dose of activated charcoal to a patient who has ingested a toxin. The patient asks for a drink of water after he finishes drinking the charcoal. How should you respond?

Tell the patient he cannot have anything else by mouth.

If a patient complains of left upper quadrant pain, what organ may be involved?

spleen

The patient suffered a transient ischemic attack.

The patient's reaction is mild and does not require immediate prehospital treatment.

What is the period between exposure and the production of enough antibodies to be detected in the blood?

The window phase

Which of the following statements regarding corticosteroids is CORRECT?

They lower the body's risk for infection. Correct Answer:They impair the body's ability to respond to disease. They suppress cancer cell reproduction. They increase the number of red blood cells produced.

After exposure, how many weeks does it usually take for primary syphilis to occur?

Three to six weeks

Which of the following is a viral disease in the herpes family that causes general malaise and itchy, fluid-filled blisters on the skin that later crust and scab?

Varicella

Which of the following statements regarding the pathophysiology of stroke is TRUE?

Ventricular fibrillation leads to the formation of blood clots in the atria. Ischemic stroke is often a result of an aneurysm. Correct answer: Neurological damage and death can begin within four minutes. Ischemic stroke usually presents with a severe headache.

Which of the following may result in hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient?

Vigorous exercise

Which of the following would lead to an increase in bone strength?

WEIGHT BEARING EXERCISE immobilization in a cast being bed bound

Which of the following neurological conditions is caused by Vitamin B1 deficiency?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

You suspect your patient is suffering from a stroke. What information is crucial to obtain from family and bystanders that will aid in proper treatment?

What was the time of onset of the symptoms?

Which of the following patients has the GREATEST potential for violent behavior?

a patient with a knife who is stabbing a stuffed bear

Which of the following is an example of a patient in the fulminant stage of a disease?

a patient with an acute onset of a disease

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom of stroke?

acute chest pain

Management of the responsive adult patient with a history acute heart failure who presents with respiratory distress with pulmonary edema, respiratory rate of 32, and SpO2 of 88 percent includes:

administer continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

abdominal aortic anuersym

Severe back pain radiating into the legs is associated with which of the following conditions?

abdominal aortic anuerysm

You are transporting a 54-year-old man who was working in his yard spraying a pesticide called Parathion. Although he was using a particulate respirator, he suddenly started experiencing dizziness, severe abdominal cramps, and vomiting. What is MOST likely route of toxic exposure?

absorption

Medical direction has ordered you to administer activated charcoal to a patient who ingested a large amount of poison. When looking in your medical kit, which of the following medications would you prepare and administer?

actidose

administering oxygen. Correct answer: administering albuterol. monitoring cardiac rhythm. positioning to prevent aspiration.

Which medication would be the BEST choice for reducing the bronchospasm and laryngeal edema associated with anaphylaxis?

albuterol

Patients with an allergic reaction that produces mild to moderate wheezing without airway swelling or hypotension may be best served by receiving:

an albuterol treatment

Which of the following patients are MOST at risk for nosocomial infections?

an elderly AIDS patient

Your patient is having a reaction after taking a new ACE inhibitor for hypertension. Which of the following would you MOST likely see?

angioedema

The form of arthritis that causes the bones that form the joints to become fused is:

ankylosing spondylosis.

Patients diagnosed with, or at high risk for, DVT are usually prescribed:

anticoagulant medication

A substance that will neutralize a specific toxin or counteract its effects is known as:

antidotes

A condition that occurs as a result of panic disorder, phobia, or post-traumatic stress is termed:

anxiety

A state of uneasiness, discomfort, apprehension, and restlessness is called:

anxiety

You are called to a 25-year-old man complaining of RLQ pain. His other symptoms are nausea and vomiting, fever, and decreasing pain in the umbilicus area. You should suspect:

appendicitis

You are treating a six-year-old boy who has signs and symptoms of influenza, including fever. In treating this patient, which of the following would be contraindicated?

aspirin

You are on the scene and treating a critical patient who is exhibiting signs of renal failure. How often should you reassess this patient?

atleast every 5 minutes

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias can lead to the formation of blood clots, which increases the risk for stroke?

atrial fibrillation

You have a patient who was possibly bitten by a rabid dog. Which of the following is CORRECT about rabies?

bacteria travels across the nerves at the bite to the brain

All of the following are correct regarding bacterial meningitis EXCEPT:

bacterial meningitis is typically less serious than viral meningitis.

All of the following are good indicators of affect EXCEPT:

behavior. movements. Correct answer: religious beliefs. posture.

A patient presents with inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, and racing and delusional thoughts. This patient MOST likely suffers from:

bipolar disorder

You have documented that you patient has hematochezia. Which of the following BEST describes this problem?

bloody stool

Which of the following statements regarding glucose use by the cells is TRUE?

brain cells require glucose to function

The clinical syndrome in which the heart's mechanical performance is compromised so that cardiac output cannot meet the body's needs is called:

cardiogenic shock

A person who has been exposed to a disease and is capable of transmitting the disease is a:

carrier

What term describes the inflammation usually caused by an occlusion of the gallbladder duct?

cholecystisis

The disease process related to chronic inflammation of the liver is:

cirrhosis

A defect of the ________ results in difficulty in visual detection of color.

cones

You have been called for an 11-year-old boy with a history of mild mental retardation who has possibly ingested the leaves of a household plant. His mother states that she found him eating the leaves then immediately called 911. You note that the plant has been overturned and is missing a considerable number of leaves. Assessment reveals the boy to be lethargic and confused and complaining of abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. His airway is patent and his respirations are adequate. Which assessment finding would be MOST suggestive that the plant leaves have been absorbed into the bloodstream?

confusion

In delirium tremens, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system can lead to:

confusion. Correct Answer death. sleep disturbances. , anxiety. death.

The MOST important assessment technique in evaluating behavioral emergencies is:

conversational skills

Which of the following can cause an increase in white blood cell production?

correct: Infection or inflammation Chemotherapy Living at high altitudes Hypoxia

A patient with a history of frequent urinary tract infections (UTI) is complaining of lower abdominal pain and feels as though she has a UTI again. Which of the following assessment findings would cause you to question the presence of a UTI?

correct: vaginal bleeding cloudy urine temp over 101 flank pain

A young boy was running with a pencil and tripped. The pencil impaled the boy's left eye and remains lodged in place. He is in his mother's arms and both are crying hysterically. Appropriate care for the eye would include:

covering both eyes and providing immediate transport.

Which of the following is MOST likely to provide toxic exposure through inhalation?

cyanide

Of the following, which would be the MOST likely dysfunction experienced by a patient with multiple myeloma?

decreased blood cell production

A common complaint from patients who are immobile is/are:

decubitus ulcers

An integral part of care for the patient suffering a psychological emergency should include:

developing rapport with a patient

Which of the following is NOT a route of administration that may result in a toxicological emergency?

diffusion

A systemic overactivation of clotting mechanisms is called:

disseminated intravascular coagulation.

dysmenorrhea

You are treating a patient who complains of having excessive bleeding and pain during her regular menstrual cycle. She states this has been an ongoing problem for the past few years. This condition is referred to as:

dysmenorrhea

The MOST important factor in treating any behavioral problem is:

ensure scene safety before approaching patient

You are caring for a patient who had uncontrolled bleeding from his nose due to a clotting disorder. How would you describe this problem in your documentation?

epistaxis

When caring for a patient suffering from a nervous system condition or disease, the FIRST priority in patient care is to:

establish and maintain a patent airway.

every 15 minutes

In diabetic ketoacidosis, which of the following may result?

excessive urination, extreme thirst, excessive hunger

Which of the following is associated with cocaine and methamphetamine use, as well as the use of other drugs?

excited delirium

The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale evaluates possible stroke patients on what three parameters?

facial droop, arm drift, abnormal speech

For a normal pregnancy, within what structure MUST the sperm and egg come together for fertilization?

fallopian tube

You respond for a patient who tells you he has hypothyroidism. Which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect?

fatigue and lack of energy

When cells are unable to utilize glucose for fuel, they will slowly begin to use ________ as an energy source.

fats

You are called for a four-year-old girl who apparently has suffered a seizure. Her mother states that she has been sick for a day or two. Which kind of seizure has she MOST likely had?

febrile seizures

Anatomically, the uterus is divided into three sections, from superior to inferior. The uppermost portion is the:

fundus

A patient who is complaining of having pain 30-60 minutes after eating may be experiencing problems with which of the following organs?

gallbladder

The term automaticity refers to a cell's capability of:

generating an electrical impulse on its own

Which of the following mediators is responsible for many of the manifestations of anaphylaxis?

histamine

The homeostatic function of the endocrine system is regulated by:

hormonal release.

After determining that a patient intentionally took an overdose of blood pressure medications, which of the following questions by the AEMT would be MOST appropriate?

how many did you take

A sexually transmitted infection associated with cervical cancer in women is:

human papillomavirus.

The condition in which there is an insufficient amount of sugar in the blood is called:

hypoglycemia

Which of the following is an indication of infection?

increased white blood cell count

A hordeolum occurs when the ducts of glands along the margins of the eyelids become:

infected

A 44-year-old woman states that she has a history of endometritis. As such, you would recognize that the patient suffers from:

infection of the endometrial lining

Pelvic inflammatory disease is BEST described as a(n):

infection of the female reproductive organs.

What is the MOST common route of entry for toxic substances?

ingestion

What method of entry of a toxin results in rapid absorption of the agent through the respiratory membrane?

inhalation

Aspirin is used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia because it:

inhibits the aggregation of platelets

A patient was mixing pesticides to spray in his garden and suddenly began experiencing excessive salivation, abdominal pain, and dizziness. The LEAST likely route of toxic exposure is:

injection

In the treatment of behavioral emergencies, ________ is/are MOST important for the AEMT.

interpersonal skills

Which of the following is characteristic of end-stage renal disease?

irreversible kidney disease which may require a transplant

Your patient has to catheterize herself and states she thinks she has a bladder infection. Which of the following questions will provide you with useful information about the patient's problem?

is it painful when you urinate

it occurs more commonly in females than males.

All of the following are symptoms of a panic attack EXCEPT:

lethargy

If a patient complains of right upper quadrant pain, what organ may be involved?

liver

Which of the following is TRUE concerning parietal pain?

localized pain in the affected area

lyme disease

mallory weiss tear

Which of the following is the BEST way to prevent or control pathogens inside the body?

natural flora

All of the following are roles of the poison control center EXCEPT:

notifying the receiving hospital before arrival of the patient. Correct Answer: treating the patient based on the agent introduced. suggesting the most current, definitive treatment. determining the potential toxicity of the agent.

In your attempt to evaluate an agitated 39-year-old woman, you observe signs that might indicate impending violence. These signs include which of the following?

pacing

Grey Turner's sign is indicative of acute:

pancreatitis

The condition in which the foreskin has been retracted and narrows below the glans, possibly leading to tissue death and necrosis, is called:

paraphimosis.

The division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for controlling vegetative functions is the ________ nervous system.

parasymathetic

The term for an inflammation of the female reproductive organs and genitalia usually caused by an STI is:

pelvic inflammatory disease

The part of the nervous system that extends throughout the body is called the ________

peripheral

The part of the nervous system that extends throughout the body is called the ________ nervous system.

peripheral

Your patient tells you that he is suffering with a bad migraine. Which of the following would provide the patient with the MOST comfort?

place cool compress on the head

placing the patient in the recovery position

What agency is available to help you determine toxicity of a poison based on type of agent, amount and time of exposure, and physical condition of the patient?

poison control center

What position should be avoided when restraining a patient?

prone

If the patient has a decreased level of responsiveness but appears to be breathing, what should you be MOST concerned about?

protecting the patients airway

Which of the following is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart?

pulmonary

You are called for a six-year-old boy who has been very sick for several days. His signs and symptoms include hypersalivation and hydrophobia. These symptoms are immediately suggestive of:

rabies

The signs and symptoms related to hypoglycemia have a(n) ________ onset.

rapid

When assessing a patient with a possible stroke, what is the priority of care?

recognize signs and symptoms of a stroke

You are documenting the pain felt by a patient with pneumonia. The pain he felt in the upper quadrant of the abdomen on the affected side is known as:

referred pain

remove yourself, partner and family from the household

renal calculi

You suspect that your patient has a kidney infection because he is pointing to pain in his back. In your documentation, which of the following would you use to describe the area of pain?

retroperitonial

When the gallbladder is diseased, the pain is NOT only felt in the RUQ but also in the:

right shoulder

A patient at the beach has been stung by a jellyfish, causing itching and a raised welt. You need to cleanse the wound. What solution will you use to protect the safety of the patient?

saline

An organic brain disease that is characterized by a significant change in behavior and loss of contact with reality is:

schizophrenia.

Your patient opens his eyes only when you pinch his shoulder. He has no verbal response and withdraws from pain. His Glasgow Coma score total is:

seven

Bell's palsy is a temporary weakness or paralysis of which cranial nerve?

seventh

Which of the following is the MOST common chief complaint related to acute pancreatitis?

severe pain

Which of the following could allow direct transmission of a pathogen?

sharing a passionate kiss

Cerebral edema, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and dysfunction of the cardiac conduction system may be associated with:

sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

Which of the following occurs next after a person is exposed to a pathogen?

the pathogen begins to colonize in the body

Seizures characterized by rapid, rhythmic contractions of the muscles that may last for several minutes are called:

tonic-clonic

For a child with a foreign body in the rectum, what should be the course of treatment at the scene?

MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

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