MGMT 3140 Ch5

C. principled

A person who sees beyond authority, laws, and norms and follows his own self-chosen ethical principles is most likely to be in the _____ stage of Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development. A. utilitarian B. conventional C. principled D. preconventional E. intermediate

C. transcendent education

A(n) _____ has five higher goals that balance self-interest with responsibility to others. A. utilitarian education B. universalism education C. transcendent education D. integrity-based ethics program E. compliance-based ethics program

C. the veil of ignorance

According to John Rawls, only a person ignorant of his own identity can make a truly ethical decision. This thought process is based on _____. A. ethical shielding B. the veil of understanding C. the veil of ignorance D. ethical certainty E. ethical ignorance

D. Preconventional stage

According to Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development, people in which of the following stages tend to make decisions based on rewards and punishments and immediate self-interest? A. Principled stage B. Conventional stage C. Righteous stage D. Preconventional stage E. Unconventional stage

E. organizations have a wider range of responsibilities that extend beyond the production of goods and services at a profit.

Advocates of corporate social responsibility argue that: A. organizations ought to be profit-seeking and that when they concentrate on this motive, they will benefit society. B. organizations' only responsibilities are clearly defined by the laws and regulations imposed upon them. C. organizations' responsibilities are to attempt to satisfy all relevant stakeholders' interests. D. it is unethical for unelected business leaders to spend shareholders' money on projects unconnected to key business interests. E. organizations have a wider range of responsibilities that extend beyond the production of goods and services at a profit.

B. compliance-based

An ethics program that is designed by corporate counsel to detect, prevent, and punish legal violations is called a _____ ethics program. A. life-cycle-based B. compliance-based C. competency-based D. relativism-based E. responsibility-based

E. intolerance of ineffective humanity

As one of the goals of a transcendent education, speaking out against unethical actions is called _____. A. empathy B. generativity C. mutuality D. civil aspiration E. intolerance of ineffective humanity

B. generativity

As one of the goals of transcendent education, learning how to give as well as take, to others in the present as well as to those in the future is called _____. A. empathy B. generativity C. mutuality D. civil aspiration E. intolerance of ineffective humanity

D. civil aspiration

As one of the goals of transcendent education, thinking not just in terms of "don'ts," but also in terms of positive contributions is called _____. A. empathy B. generativity C. mutuality D. civil aspiration E. intolerance of ineffective humanity

D. Universalism

Ashleigh works as a receptionist for a law firm. Some of the lawyers have asked her to tell callers that they are in court when in fact they are playing golf. She wanted to quit the job because she hated to lie to people and believes that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function. Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by Ashleigh to make the decision? A. Egoism B. Ethnocentrism C. Relativism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

B. an ethical issue

Beth is a marketing agent. Most of her colleagues fill out inaccurate time records in the office log so that they are eligible for extra pay. Beth can either do the same thing or log in real, accurate details. This situation of Beth is an example of _____. A. a moral rights debate B. an ethical issue C. kyosei D. an avoidance situation E. greenwashing

C. Relativism

Bina downloaded music from the Internet on her office computer. As all of her colleagues did it, she thought it was fine to do so. In this scenario, which of the following ethical systems has Bina used to rationalize her decision? A. Egoism B. Virtue ethics C. Relativism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

B. Conventional stage

Cassandra's behavior is typically guided by what she thinks would be acceptable to her parents. According to Kohlberg, which of the following stages of moral development does Cassandra's behavior exemplify? A. Utilitarian stage B. Conventional stage C. Principled stage D. Preconventional stage E. Conclusive stage

A. corporate counsel

Compliance-based ethics programs are typically designed by _____. A. corporate counsel B. employees C. top executives D. stockholders/owners E. focus groups of customers

B. are designed by corporate counsel to prevent, detect, and punish legal violations.

Compliance-based ethics programs: A. are company mechanisms designed to instill in people a personal responsibility for ethical behavior. B. are designed by corporate counsel to prevent, detect, and punish legal violations. C. define ethical behavior as that which maximizes consequences for the individual. D. define ethical system stating that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers. E. are designed by the employees to define what ethical standards they should follow.

B. obligation toward society assumed by business

Corporate social responsibility is the _____. A. ethical system stating that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function B. obligation toward society assumed by business C. system that defines acceptable behavior as that which maximizes consequences for the individual D. ideology that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers E. maximization of shareholder wealth

C. sustainable growth

Economic growth and development that meet present needs without harming the needs of future generations is known as _____. A. ecocentric management B. risk management C. sustainable growth D. resource management E. ecocentric growth

D. corporate social responsibility

FoodieZ, a fast food manufacturer, changed the packaging of its sandwiches to minimize waste. Additionally, it uses recycled paper to bag its products. FoodieZ states that these actions make the earth a "better place to eat." In this scenario, FoodieZ is participating in _____. A. deregulation B. corporate entrepreneurship C. maximizing customer actualization D. corporate social responsibility E. corporate wealth enhancement

B. integrity-based

Going beyond legal compliance with ADA standards and training people to understand that individuals with disabilities also have valued abilities is an example of a(n)_____ ethics program. A. compliance-based B. integrity-based C. egoism-based D. competency-based E. utilitarianism-based

E. character

Having the strength and persistence to act in accordance with one's ethics despite the challenges is referred to as moral _____. A. awareness B. judgment C. certainty D. action E. character

E. philanthropic

Home Depot supports Habitat for Humanity, a nonprofit that builds affordable housing for those struggling with poverty, housing, or homelessness. Donation to such an organization is an example of _____ responsibility. A. economic B. legal C. conventional D. ethical E. philanthropic

C. a set of guiding principles

Integrity-based ethics programs involve _____. A. stated ethics, rules, and policies B. corporate social responsiveness C. a set of guiding principles D. monitoring and punishment E. discretionary social responsibility

C. awareness

Making ethical decisions takes moral _____ which helps realize that an issue has ethical implications. A. certainty B. actionability C. awareness D. judgment E. character

B. judgment

Making ethical decisions takes moral _____, which involves knowing what actions are morally defensible. A. awareness B. judgment C. character D. action E. certainty

D. Preconventional stage

Shannon is a marketing agent who determines his work behavior solely on whether he thinks he can do them without receiving immediate punishment from his boss. According to Kohlberg, which of the following stages of moral development does Shannon's behavior exemplify? A. Principled stage B. Conventional stage C. Righteous stage D. Preconventional stage E. Unconventional stage

B. whistleblowing

Telling others, inside or outside the organization, about wrongdoing is called _____. A. ethical shadowing B. whistleblowing C. egoism D. ethical interference E. moral consequences

D. kyosei and human dignity.

The Caux Principles are based on two ethical ideals: A. fairness and equality. B. self-fulfillment and sharing. C. unity and respect. D. kyosei and human dignity. E. honesty and happiness.

B. sunshine

The _____ ethical framework encourages employees to consider whether they would like to see their decisions displayed on the front page of the newspaper. A. Kohlberg B. sunshine C. Sarbanes-Oxley D. egoism E. utilitarian

B. ethical climate

The _____ of an organization refers to the processes by which decisions are evaluated and made on the basis of right and wrong. A. corporate social responsibility B. ethical climate C. ecocentric management D. legal responsibility E. moral obligation

C. Egoism

The management of an organization follows the ideology that if they work keeping in mind the company's own economic self-interest, the total wealth of the society will be maximized. Which of the following best describes the ethical system used by the organization? A. Ethnocentrism B. Relativism C. Egoism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

C. economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic

The order of the levels in the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance from bottom to top is _____. A. economic, legal, philanthropic, and ethical B. ethical, economic, legal, and philanthropic C. economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic D. legal, economic, ethical, and philanthropic E. philanthropic, economic, legal, and ethical

D. understanding all moral standards and recognizing all moral impacts.

The process for ethical decision making begins with: A. defining the complete moral problem. B. developing an ethical framework and determining the economic outcomes. C. considering the legal requirements and evaluating the legal duties. D. understanding all moral standards and recognizing all moral impacts. E. proposing a convincing moral solution.

D. moral character.

To behave ethically, an individual will require: A. social capital. B. competitive intelligence. C. creative thinking. D. moral character. E. technical skills.

E. the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers.

Utilitarianism is centered around the idea that: A. ethical ideas depend on kyosei and human dignity. B. an ethical system should define acceptable behavior as that which maximizes consequences for the individual. C. an ethical system with no rules will help bring out the best of people. D. ethical behavior should be based on the opinions and behaviors of relevant other people. E. the greatest good for the greatest number should be the overriding concern of decision makers.

D. Philanthropic responsibility

Which level of the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance represents a company's efforts to be a good global corporate citizen, such as supporting community programs? A. Economic responsibility B. Legal responsibility C. Ethical responsibility D. Philanthropic responsibility E. Financial responsibility

C. Mutuality

Which of the five goals of a transcendent education involves viewing success not merely as personal gain, but as a common victory? A. Empathy B. Generativity C. Mutuality D. Civil aspiration E. Intolerance of ineffective humanity

B. Virtue ethics

Which of the following best describes an ethical perspective that goes beyond the conventional rules of society by suggesting that what is moral must also come from what a mature person with good "moral character" would deem right? A. Business ethics B. Virtue ethics C. Relativism D. Utilitarianism E. Egoism

B. Failure to establish a written code of ethics

Which of the following is a danger sign that organizations may be allowing or even encouraging unethical behavior? A. Excessive emphasis over long-term consideration over short-term revenues B. Failure to establish a written code of ethics C. An informal corporate structure D. Flexible timings that allow employees to choose their hours of work E. Multiple levels of supervision and monitoring

C. Empathy

Which of the following is a goal of a transcendent education? A. Persuasion B. Independence C. Empathy D. Candidness E. Persistence

E. Proposing a moral solution

Which of the following is most likely to be the last step in an ideal ethical decision-making process? A. Defining the complete moral problem B. Developing an ethical framework C. Determining the legal requirements D. Understanding all moral standards E. Proposing a moral solution

D. Principled

Which of the following is one of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development? A. Unconventional B. Emotional C. Relative D. Principled E. Developed

D. Many whistleblowers suffer consequences such as being ostracized

Which of the following is true of whistleblowing? A. The road for whistleblowers is easy and painless. B. Whistleblowers are often encouraged by their company to go public. C. Whistleblowers are seldom given undesirable assignments. D. Many whistleblowers suffer consequences such as being ostracized. E. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act prohibits whistleblowing.

E. Ethical

Which of the following levels of corporate social responsibility of business includes meeting societal expectations that are not written as law? A. Economic B. Legal C. Social D. Philanthropic E. Ethical

A. Economic responsibility

Which of the following levels of the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance represents a company's requirement to be profitable? A. Economic responsibility B. Relative responsibility C. Ethical responsibility D. Philanthropic responsibility E. Legal responsibility

A. Courage

Which of the following plays a role in the moral awareness involved in identifying an act as unethical, the moral judgment to fully consider the repercussions, and the moral character to take the ethical action? A. Courage B. Legitimacy C. Intelligence D. Compliance E. Knowledge

B. Economic

Which of the following responsibilities lies at the base of the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance? A. Legal B. Economic C. Moral D. Ethical E. Philanthropic

C. Ethical responsibility

Which of the following responsibilities of business did Pork producer Smithfield Foods take on by discontinuing the practice of confining sows in gestation crates during pregnancy, conforming to external expectations though not legally required? A. Financial responsibility B. Economic responsibility C. Ethical responsibility D. Legal responsibility E. Philanthropic responsibility

E. Focus on real-life situations that employees can relate to.

Which of the following should be done for constructing an effective ethics code? A. Keep it complex, formal, and rigid so that employees realize how serious it is. B. Make it as catchy and clever as possible. C. Involve only the legal department and top executives in writing the statement. D. Let the employees construct the ethics code according to their ideologies. E. Focus on real-life situations that employees can relate to.

B. It requires strict adherence to accounting rules.

Which of the following statements about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is true? A. It was passed in 1992. B. It requires strict adherence to accounting rules. C. It gives senior managers power to not sign off on financial results. D. It is intended to maintain truth in advertising. E. It requires whistleblowers to be fired.

C. When corporations behave unethically, the rank-and-file employees suffer the most.

Which of the following statements about unethical corporate behavior is true? A. When corporations behave unethically, only the top executives suffer. B. When corporations behave unethically, only the shareholders suffer. C. When corporations behave unethically, the rank-and-file employees suffer the most. D. When corporations behave badly, both top executives and rank-and-file employees are shielded from the fallout. E. There is no evidence that corporations today ever behave unethically.

B. legal

Within the pyramid of global corporate social responsibility and performance, doing what is required by global stakeholders is categorized as a(n) _____ responsibility. A. economic B. legal C. financial D. philanthropic E. ethical

B. Relativism

_____ acknowledges the existence of different ethical viewpoints and uses norms as guidelines. A. Virtue ethics B. Relativism C. Universalism D. Utilitarianism E. Egoism

A. Egoism

_____ considers acceptable behavior to be that which maximizes benefits for the individual. A. Egoism B. Ethnocentrism C. Relativism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

C. Ecocentric management

_____ has as its primary goal the creation of sustainable economic development and improvement of quality of life worldwide for all organizational stakeholders. A. Corporate social responsibility B. Life-cycle analysis C. Ecocentric management D. Transcendent education E. Integrity-based ethics program

C. Relativism

_____ is a philosophy that bases ethical behavior on the opinions and behaviors of relevant other people. A. Egoism B. Virtue ethics C. Relativism D. Universalism E. Utilitarianism

B. Life-cycle analysis

_____ is a process of analyzing all inputs and outputs, through the entire "cradle-to-grave" life of a product, to determine the total environmental impact of the production and use of a product. A. Ecocentric management B. Life-cycle analysis C. Sustainable growth D. SWOT analysis E. Trend analysis

C. Universalism

_____ is the ethical system stating that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function. A. Relativism B. Egoism C. Universalism D. Ethnocentrism E. Utilitarianism

B. Ethics

_____ is the system of rules that governs the ordering of values. A. Ethnocentrism B. Ethics C. Dynamics D. Legitimacy E. Dialectics

D. Moral philosophy

_____ refers to the principles, rules, and values people use in deciding what is right or wrong. A. Ethical issue B. Social capital C. Emotional intelligence D. Moral philosophy E. Legal positivism

A. Economic

_____ responsibilities of business are to produce goods and services that society wants at a price that perpetuates the business and satisfies its obligations to investors. A. Economic B. Legal C. Financial D. Philanthropic E. Ethical