MGMT 373 Exam 2
Manager who is otherwise competent may engage in some behaviors that make him or her ineffective or even "toxic" - stifles ideas and drives away good employees.
dysfunctional manager
each employee's and each group's ongoing efforts to gather information and apply the information to their decisions.
continuous learning
Employees must gain a clear understanding of differences between _______ and ________ performance.
current, expected
future oriented, learning KSAs that may be useful later
development
- Produce more innovative solutions to problems - Source of creativity - Contribute to a healthy level of conflict that leads to better decision making ---Short term = difficulty learning to work together ---Strong leadership helps problems fade over time
diversity
Working outside oneʼs home country is the most important ___ __________ that can develop an employee for a career in the global economy
job experience
Most employee development occurs through ___ ___________
job experiences
combination of tasks, relationships, problems, demands and other features of an employee's jobs.
job experiences
way organization groups its people into useful divisions, departments, and reporting relationships
organizational structure
______ need to be well suited and well prepared for their jobs.
people
can be useful for employee development under certain conditions: 1. Appraisal system must tell employees specifically about their performance problems and ways to improve their performance. 2. Employees must gain a clear understanding of differences between current and expected performance. 3. Appraisal process must identify causes of performance discrepancy and develop plans for improving performance.
performance appraisals
Ensure that employees' work contributes to achieving the organization's goals
performance management
Process through which managers ensure that employee activities and outputs contribute to organizational goals
performance management
Each aspect of ___________ __________ should be related to the organization's _____
performance management, goals
similar attitudes and values and enjoy being together (i.e. identification)
personal attraction to the team
social impact of work, network
personal relationships
encourages learning and avoids interfering with training.
positive work environment
a career that frequently changes based on changes in the person's interests, abilities, and values and in the work environment.
protean careers
__% of employers say that they are concerned about a skills gap in the workforce
67
U.S. companies spent $__._ billion on training
90.6
detailed descriptions of a situation that trainees study and discuss
case studies
The average training budget for big firms was $__ million
17
is possible whenever people work together in teams
conflict
can be used for development purposes: 1. Raters identify an area of behavior as a strength of the employee or an area requiring further development. 2. Results presented to employee show how rating on each item and how self‐ evaluations differ from other raters' evaluations. 3. Individual reviews results, seeks clarification from raters, and sets specific development goals based on strengths and weaknesses identified.
360‐degree feedback
__% of workers want to learn a new skill— perhaps suggesting a way to fill this gap
57
Overall, companies spent about $_____ per learner
1,075
Employees prepare an action plan for how they will achieve their short- and long-term career goals.
Action Planning & Follow-Up
An assessment process in which multiple raters or evaluators (assessors) evaluate employees' performance on a number of exercises, usually as they work in a group at an offsite location
Assessment Centers
The continual process of setting career-related goals and planning a route to achieve those goals
Career Development & Management
- Candidate enters response to questions at a computer - Useful for gathering objective data
Computerized Interviews
is widespread and occurs when employees are encouraged to see relationships among ideas and think in new ways
Critical, systematic thinking
involves receiving training via Internet or Intranet.
E-Learning
uses electronic networks for delivering and sharing information, offers tools, links and information for helping trainees improve performance.
E-Learning
•Based on information from selfassessment and reality check, employee sets short- and longterm career objectives. - Specific - Measurable - Attainable - Realistic - Timely
Goal Setting
- Right combination of people, technology, and organizational structure that makes full use of the organization's resources and opportunities in achieving its goals. - Each of these elements must fit well with the others in a smoothly functioning whole.
High‐performance work system
Assessment consists of 100 + questions about how the person feels or prefers to behave in different situations.
MBTI
For team building and leadership development.
MBTI
Most popular test for employee development.
MBTI
•Psychological test that identifies individuals' preferences: 1. Means of information gathering 2. Way of decision making 3. Lifestyle
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
• More than just "showing someone the ropes" • Train managers and peers in OJT principles. • Provide employees access to lesson plans, checklists, procedure manuals, training manuals, learning contracts, and progress report forms. • Assess employee's level of basic skills, before conducting OJT with an employee.
On-the-job training
- Several members of the organization meet to interview each candidate - Reduces biases - Improves reliability
Panel Interviews
The most effective way to measure employee satisfaction with training is _______ and learning acquired is _______.
Survey; pre-post test with control group
MBA, master's program, training certificates, etc.
additional education
a teamwork and leadership training program based on use of challenging, structured outdoor activities
adventure learning
must identify causes of performance discrepancy and develop plans for improving performance.
appraisal process
must tell employees specifically about their performance problems and ways to improve their performance.
appraisal system
•Collecting information and providing feedback to employees about heir behavior, communication style, or skills. •360 feedback: employees, their peers, managers, and customers.
assessment
require trainees to gather and analyze information and make decisions that influence the outcome.
business games
________ __________ is a combination of: 1. Formal education 2. Job experiences 3. Relationships 4. Assessment of personality and abilities • Help employees prepare for the future of their careers. • Development is about preparing for change in new jobs, responsibilities, or requirements.
employee development
Create a culture that supports and encourages ________ ___________ to help reduce ______ ____ and reduce ________
employee development, talent gaps, turnover
Participants learn concepts and apply them by simulating behaviors involved and analyzing the activity and connecting it with real-life situations
experiential programs
include team-building exercises like wall climbing and rafting to help build trust and cooperation among employees.
experiential programs
•Information employers give employees about their skills and knowledge and where these assets fit into the organization's plans.
feedback
•These may include: - Workshops - Short courses - Lectures - Simulations - Business games - Experiential programs •Many companies operate training and development centers.
formal education
• Circumstances resembling an invisible barrier that keep most women and minorities from attaining the top jobs in organizations.
glass ceiling
Receive a number of mails, telephone calls, documents and memos. They then have a limited period of time to set priorities, organize their working schedule accordingly and respond to mail and phone calls
in basket exercise
enable sharing information widely.
information systems
Training cannot address deficiencies in ____________, __________, etc
intelligence, motivation
employees can also develop skills and increase their knowledge about the organization and its customers by interacting with a more experienced member:
interpersonal relationships
Enable the organization to benefit from teamwork and employee empowerment
job design
Key ___ __________ events include: - Job assignments - Interpersonal relationships - Types of transitions
job experience
a culture in which learning is rewarded, promoted, and supported by managers and organizational objectives.
learning culture
an organization that supports lifelong learning by enabling all employees to acquire and share knowledge.
learning organization
Employees have resources for training, and they are encouraged to share their knowledge with colleagues in ________ _____________
learning organizations
Managers take an active role in identifying training needs and encouraging the sharing of ideas in ________ _____________
learning organizations
Training is _________ (usually). Development is ________
mandatory, optional
a person's ability to step back and assess their own skills, performance, or learning
metacognitive skills
The systematic evaluation of the organization, the jobs, and the employees to determine where training is most needed and what type of training is needed.
needs assessment
process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and employees' tasks to determine what kinds of training, if any, are necessary.
needs assessment
a combination of employee characteristics and positive work environment that permit training.
readiness for training
Employees who contribute to teamwork, empowerment, and knowledge sharing
recruitment and selection
encourage people to strive for objectives that support organization's overall goals.
reward systems
Use of information by employees to determine career interests, values, aptitudes, and development needs. • MBTI • Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory • Self-Directed Search
self-assessment
members agree on goals, they will be more cohesive
shared goals
one challenge is to shift the focus of training away from teaching skills and toward a broader focus on generating and sharing knowledge.
shared knowledge
Training method that represents a real-life situation, with trainees making decisions resulting in outcomes that mirror what would occur on the job.
simulations
Process of identifying and tracking highpotential employees who will be able to fill top management positions.
succession planning
determines how details of the organization's necessary activities will be grouped, whether into jobs or team responsibilities.
task design
- 2 or more people - interdependence - common purpose - work to accomplish a SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE GOAL
team
Extent to which team members are attracted to the team and motivated to remain in it
team cohesiveness
• Can have healthy impact ‐ energizes people toward higher performance
team conflict
the more time spent together, the more cohesive the team
team interaction
One of the most important features of organizations today is ________
teamwork
Rapid changes in many industries has increased focus on ________, which requires regular training
teamwork
Planned efforts to help employees acquire job-related knowledge, skills, abilities, or behaviors
training
Teach employees the specific skills they need to perform the duties of their job
training
learning current, job-specific KSAs
training
the organization recognizes that employees are the source of its knowledge. It therefore focuses on ensuring the development and well ‐being of each employee.
valued employees
job rotation, challenging [stretch] assignments
work performance
