MGMT 473 Exam 1
Expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort towards behaviors they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.
True
Goal setting potentially improves employee performance by increasing motivation and clarifying role perceptions.
True
In terms of cross-cultural values, people in the United States tend to have relatively high individualism, middle to high achievement orientation, and medium to low power distance.
True
Motivation is closely related to the concept of employee engagement.
True
Organizational Behavior encompasses the study of organizations interact with their external environments.
True
People who believe that their successful completion of a project is due to their skill and hard work are making an internal attribution.
True
People with a high need for affiliation tend to be more effective in jobs that require them to mediate conflicts.
True
The MARS model identifies the four main factors that influence individual behavior: motivation, ability, role perceptions, and situational factors.
True
Attribution Theory
How we perceive others: external or internal
Our emotions influence what we recognize or screen out.
True
Stereotyping is an extension of social identity theory and a product of our natural process of organizing information through categorical thinking.
True
Three challenges organizations are facing include globalization, increasing workforce diversity, and emerging employment relationships.
True
Maslow's needs hierarchy theory explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources.
False
Moods are less intense emotional states that are directed toward something or somebody in particular.
False
Motivation is an external force on the person that causes him/her to engage in specific behaviors.
False
________ is the process of filtering information received by our senses.
Selective Attention
The process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in an identifiable social category is called:
Stereotyping
In the four-drive theory, the drive ______ is most closely associated with the need for relative status and recognition.
To acquire
Attitudes represent a cluster of beliefs, motivation and feelings about an attitude object.
True
Beliefs are established perceptions about the attitude object.
True
Confirmation bias causes us to screen out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions.
True
Emotions generate a core affect that something is good or bad, helpful or harmful, to be approached or avoided.
True
Emotions
intense feelings that are directed at specific objects
Ethics
moral principles that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad
Emotional Intelligence
non-cognitive ability to identify, understand, and manage emotions of self and others
Distributive Justice
perceived fairness of amount
Procedural Justice
perceived fairness of the process
Stress
physical and psychological tension felt when confronted with extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization
Perception
process by which individuals give meaning to their environment by organizing and interpreting their sensory impressions
Selective Attention
process of attending to some information received by our senses and ignoring other information
Confirmation Bias
process of screening out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions and to more readily accept confirming information
Equity Theory
proposes that employees perceive what they get from a job situation (outcomes) in relation to that they put in (inputs) and then measure against others
Personality
relatively stable pattern of behaviors and consistent states that explain a person's behavioral tendencies
Values
stable, long-lasting evaluative beliefs
Cognitive Dissonance
state of anxiety that occurs when an individual's beliefs, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors are inconsistent with each other
Values are stable, evaluative beliefs about what is important in a variety of situations.
True
3 challenges organizations are facing in the workplace
1. globalization 2. increased workforce diversity 3. emerging employment relationships
Why do we study OB?
1. understand 2. predict 3. influence
In expectancy theory, valence refers to the:
Anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels towards an outcome
The uncomfortable tension felt when our behavior and attitudes are inconsistent with each other is called:
Cognitive Dissonance
Some investors in the stock market become overconfident and ignore evidence that their strategies will lose money. This can be attributed to _____.
Confirmation Bias
Anger, fear, joy, and sadness represent the:
Different types of emotions
Which of the following determine whether intentions translate into behavior?
All four elements of the MARS model
Customer service representatives (CSRs) often conceal their frustration when serving an irritating customer. This behavior from the CSRs is an example of:
Emotional Labor
A global mindset excludes the capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures.
False
According to learned needs theory, companies should hire leaders with a strong need for personalized power.
False
Competencies refer to the complete set of motivations, abilities, role perceptions, and situational factors that contribute to job performance.
False
Emotions represent the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions towards something or someone guided by conscious logical reasoning.
False
In order for something to be called an organization, it must have certain assets such as buildings and equipment.
False
OB can be used to fulfill the need to understand and predict the behavior of others in the organization. However, it is not helpful in influencing others to getting things done in organizations.
False
The ideal situation in organizations is to have employees whose values are perfectly congruent with the organization's values.
False
The most effective reinforcement schedule for learning new tasks is variable ratio schedule.
False
The perceptual process begins by attributing behavior to internal or external causes.
False
Which of the following terms best represents the positive or negative evaluations of the attitude object?
Feelings
The optimal level difficulty of a goal:
Occurs when the goal is challenging but not impossible
Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?
Perception
Expectancy Theory
an individual's actions depend upon: -the expectation that the individual can perform the act -the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome -the valence
Organizational Justice
an overall perception of what is fair in the workplace
Corporate Social Responsibility
consists of organizational activities intended to benefit society and the environment, beyond the firm's immediate financial interests or legal obligations
Motivation
forces or needs within a person that affect the direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior
Types of Stress
functional stress (eustress) dysfunctional stress (distress)
Goal-Setting Theory
goals - accepted, specific, and challenging yet achievable
Organizations
groups of people who work interdependently toward a purpose
MARS Model
identifies the four main factors that influence individual behavior: motivation, ability, role perceptions, situational factors
Emotional Labor
the effort, planning, and control needed to express organizationally desired emotions
Organizational Behavior
the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations OB encompasses the study of how organizations interact with their external environment
