MGT 331 - Final Exam
What term refers to the match between an individual and her supervisor and coworkers?
A person-group fit
Michael Porter says that companies gain a competitive advantage by giving customers
A superior value for their money
XYZ Corporation has a high level of employee absenteeism and turnover, especially among ethnic and religious minorities. Management is adopting new policies to communicate its values of nondiscrimination and respect for all employees. Which step would likely be most effective to establish a culture of inclusion?
Adjust working hours to accommodate employees' personal needs
Which of the following are reasons a manager may delegate tasks to a subordinate? -The manager has too many responsibilities and needs assistance. -The manager is going to be absent for an extended period of time. -All of these may be good reasons for delegation of tasks. -To provide the subordinate career growth opportunities. -The subordinate has skills and abilities to do the job as well as or better than the manager.
All of these may be good reasons for delegation of tasks
In which alternative dispute resolution method does the third party have the authority to impose a settlement on the parties?
Arbitration
When each side sacrifices something in order to end the conflict, this is called
Compromising
The process of selecting and managing aspects of organizational structure and culture to enable the organization to achieve its goals is called organizational:
Design
Robert is self-aware, manages his emotions, expresses empathy for others, and possesses social skills. He has high _____________________.
Emotional Intelligence
Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership focuses primarily on which of the following aspects of leader behavior?
Including subordinates in the decision-making process
Which of the following is NOT an element necessary for successful delegation?
Integrating Opportunities
When mediating a conflict, what does active listening entail?
Reading the other person's facial expressions
Conciliation, mediation, and arbitration all share the following, except
They all result in binding settlement agreements
Alfred has been told he needs to improve his active listening skills. Which strategy would help him do this?
closely observe the speaker for changes in tone and body language
What type of communication occurs when top-level executives in an organization seek feedback from white-collar employees at all levels of the organization?
diagonal communication
Which of the following are "growth needs" in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
self-actualization and esteem
A large organization with many layers of authority and a strong bureaucracy has allowed the culture to become one in which information is withheld and employees withdraw from conflict. What type of conflict culture exists?
Avoidant
Which conflict management style emphasizes problem solving and pursues an outcome that gives both parties what they want?
Collaborating
David serves on the board of directors of a furniture company. He also is the CEO of a timber company attempting to secure a contract with the furniture company. What situation does this example represent?
Conflict of interest
Which term describes a business that is living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity?
Corporate Social Responsibility
Which of the following statements is true about the importance of organizational culture?
Culture can give competitive advantages
Given current demographic trends, which of the following is NOT a strategy companies would use to gain a competitive advantage through promoting diversity?
Encourage older workers to retire
Employee Bob has a habit of telling jokes that are sometimes funny but too often inappropriate for the workplace. In order to get Bob to stop telling jokes, what response choice is best?
Extinction
T/F: Individuals learn what constitutes polite and acceptable behavior through the process of innovation
False
W. Edwards Deming believed removing __________ from the workplace ultimately improves performance.
Fear
Creating smaller units within a larger organization can increase which of the following benefits?
Flexibility
For a multinational organization, which type of structure is best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed?
Global transnational division
A high level of job satisfaction, greater task motivation, and better social integration at work all tend to be traits associated with _________.
Internal locus of control
Roberta is a recognized expert within her industry. She is very personable and knowledgeable. She also is extremely successful getting customers to purchase accessories and warranty packages. What management skill does this ability best demonstrate?
Interpersonal skills
Which of the following is true about global mindset?
It combines cultural intelligence and a multinational business orientation
Which of the following is not true about the nature of conflict?
It is inherently destructive
Eric owns a manufacturing business and tend to hire young men because he believes they are better able to manage the equipment and tend to understand technology better. How is his attitude a barrier to inclusion?
It represents a stereotyped belief
Which of the following is NOT true about the nature of leadership?
Leaders need to use force and formal authority to be successful
Which of the following is NOT one of the primary ways a company may group jobs into manageable groups?
Location
What benefits might result from effectively hiring and training new employees as well as paying higher wages?
Lower rates of employee turnover
Lisa's small company repurposes discarded kitchen utensils into innovative gadgets. Which of the following is the most appropriate label for Lisa's company?
Manufacturer
Which production technology is characterized by a tall bureaucratic structure with a large managerial span of control?
Mass
Which of the following is true about media richness? -Videoconferences are a good way to save travel time and expense during negotiations. -Media that are low in number of cues and language variety are low in richness. -Immediate feedback reduces richness by promoting irrelevant and tangential commenting -The more concrete and specific the message, the higher the level of richness that is needed.
Media that are low in number of cues and language variety are low in richness
Which is one way to enhance horizontal communication?
Online videos, wikis, or blogs can be made available to employees.
Which of the following is an organizational consequence of prolonged stress?
People call in sick more and quit their jobs
What concept related to the Hawthorne effective is important for managers to understand?
People improve performance when they know they are being assessed
What type of policy explains what data a company will collect about its customers, how the data will be used, and how customers can opt out of having such information collected and/or shared?
Privacy
Which is a useful email guideline that managers can follow to improve business communications?
Reread emails to check for spelling and grammar before sending them
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions?
Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs
Which of the following factors is NOT a typical positive result when managers make a practice of listening to employees, recognizing their work, building trust, and behaving ethically?
Savings through staff layoffs
Which of the following is NOT an element that makes up an organization's culture?
Span of control
Which dimension of task-specific self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished?
Strength
Which statement below demonstrates an accurate understanding of organizational culture?
Strong organizational cultures are not always associated with high performance
The manner by which task reporting and authority relationships interact as a system determines an organization's:
Structure
Which of the following best demonstrates an effective utilization of a manager's diagnostic skills when dealing with people?
Sue believes that Gus is underperforming due to his sleep habits rather than his skills and job competencies. Sue changes his schedule from 7 AM - 3:30 PM and lets him work from 9 AM - 5:30 PM. His performance improves.
Which term refers to similarities and differences among people, including those such as race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities and characteristics, and gender?
Surface-level diversity
Which leadership style of the Hersey and Blanchard model entails providing direction and defining roles?
Telling
Which of the following statements characterizes mechanistic organizations?
They have formal rules and regulations for decision making
Which of the following conditions is NOT true for virtual organizations
They tend to be very simple
Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals who have a high need for achievement, according to the acquired needs framework? -They are able to work hard and then set work aside to play hard. -They are able to delegate in order to make the best use of their own time. -They set overly challenging goals and like to take on high risk levels. -They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance.
They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance
T/F: A company's intranet can be effectively used within a large organization to reflect an open and positive culture and to craft the organization's image
True
T/F: It is harder for remote workers to become familiar with an organization's culture and for the organization to reinforce its cultural values among remote workers. This creates unique opportunities and challenges for managers
True
Assume a team is comprised of a marketing professional, a materials specialist, a manufacturing representative, a product safety specialist, an advertising director, and a legal advisor. What type of diversity is represented by this group?
Variety diversity
You disagree with your boss about a decision and you are really frustrated. Which of the following strategies would work best to keep this conflict from escalating?
You can focus on the outcomes you want rather than on your boss's actual position
You recently purchased a cable installation company that routinely treats its residential customers poorly. You want your company to satisfy customers but is promises a certain connectivity speed that isn't realistic in most homes. It says it will send repair people within a certain time window, but when they get tied up and are running late, no one calls the customers. You hear complaints every time you answer the phone. What approach would be most likely to resolve your cognitive dissonance?
You can purchase and start to use new software for scheduling repairs and calls
Which of the following scenarios is an example of intrapersonal value conflict?
You love spending time with family, but ambition makes you work longer hours to get a raise
The knowledge workers you have hired over the past three to five years have added value to your company because of what they know. However, they present special challenges. Which of the following statements is true for you as an employer?
You need to allow these staff members to work autonomously and to recognize that they measure their performance in comparison to others in their profession
Daisy works as a receptionist. She is happy with her wages, enjoys her co-workers and her boss, she feels little stress, and she feels she can complete all of her tasks proficiently. Unfortunately, Daisy feels unfulfilled and hopes to get a different job soon. Which of the following does Daisy lack?
a person-vocation fit
What term refers to a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions?
affectivity
Which stress stage is triggered when we first encounter a stressor?
alarm
An individual with high emotional intelligence: -has the ability to understand and use emotions -all of these answers are correct -has the ability to perceive and express emotions -has the ability to manage emotions in oneself and others
all of these answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT a condition of job performance? -wanting to do the job -being able to provide self-direction -being able to do the job -having the materials and information to do the job
being able to provide self-direction
Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management?
building trust
You have been selected as Chief Executive Officer of a new automotive tool and die company. What can you do to create an effective, positive organizational culture?
clearly articulate the organization's mission, values, and goals
Each of the following facilitates managing organizational culture, EXCEPT: -criticizing the organization's culture -changing the organization's culture -teaching the organization's culture -taking advantage of the existing culture
criticizing the organization's culture
What term refers to drawing a general impression that the outcomes of promotions, hiring, firing, and raises were fair and equitable?
distributive fairness
What type of stress results because of happy events that lead to pleasurable emotions, including satisfaction, excitement, and enjoyment?
eustress
Relationships with coworkers, bosses, and others we know because of the roles we hold are known as
formal ties
Research confirms that managers with good conflict resolution skills ___________________ than managers who don't.
get more promotions
Which of the following is an early perspective on motivation that suggested fostering a false sense of employees' inclusion in decision making would boost job performance? -Show answer choices -scientific management -Frederick Taylor's approach -human resource approach -human relations approach
human relations approach
The manner in which individuals organize facts and data during learning is known as _______________.
information processing capacity
Organizational behavior is defined as the study of three interrelated areas one of which is the
interface between the individuals and the organization
According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to
keep things as they are
According to the LPC theory, the degree of task or relationship motivation is measured by the
leaser preferred coworker scale
According to the cognitive view, which of the following is NOT a behavior a person would adopt in order to become a conscious, active participant in their own learning?
look at consequences and ignore them if necessary to be happy
Which of the following involves an impartial third party who facilitates a discussion using persuasion and logic, establishes each side's priorities, and suggests a settlement that does not have to be accepted?
mediation
Which term refers to the encoded information of the communication process?
message
Which of the following traits is NOT considered a positive in organizational settings? -high agreeableness -high conscientiousness -extraversion -more neurotic
more neurotic
What is a negative effect of workplace bullying?
more stress-related health problems for employees
Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than management?
motivating
What term refers to feeling obliged to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons?
normative commitment
Individual characteristics that may render leader behavior unnecessary include all of the following EXCEPT -experience -norms -professionalism -motivation
norms
Conflict is likely to escalate due to
one party involved using aggressive tactics
Which of the following is a goal of a realistic job preview? -presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate -describing the job opportunity in the most positive light -selling a candidate on the job and the company -presenting only negative information to the candidate
presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate
When we attribute our own perceptions to others, we engage in ______________
projection
Karen, the department manager, realizes that Bill is missing from work and didn't call in sick. She assumes something beyond Bill's control must have happened. This belief is an example of _____________.
selective perception
A leader who achieves a superior alignment between the organization and the environment is a
strategic leader
Studies have generally found that compared to out-group members, in-group members
tend to have higher levels of performance and satisfaction
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic reasons for the rise in the volume of international business?
the ease with which companies can obtain financing
Which of the following barriers to communication is an example of selective perception?
the message is seen and heard based on expectations
Which of the following defines communication?
the transmission of information between people that creates a shared understanding and feeling
An important reason to understand learning styles is
to understand how individuals learn so that training programs are effective
A leader who initiates change in a company by enhancing the culture of the work environment is using
transformation leadership
Arnold's job responsibility is to create a media strategy with a high level of richness. His firm uses mainly email and formal business letters. Arnold's goals are to increase interactivity and the firm's ability to communication multiple cues to customers. Of the following communication media, which could Arnold adopt because they are high in media richness?
videoconferences and face-to-face meetings
Herzberg's two-factor theory identifies motivating factors for business organizations. Which of the following is a hygiene factor that management could control so that employees aren't dissatisfied with their jobs?
working conditions
