MGT connect ch. 10
True or false: Situational leadership means that leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation.
True
True or false: Maintenance behaviors are the same for any culture.
false
A manager must be a leader to his subordinates, and a ______ to his boss.
follower
The two key situational factors in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of ______, and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with.
followers
Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are ______ behaviors.
group maintenance
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory highlights the importance of leader behaviors toward individuals and/or _______
groups
Which of the following are part of the personality characteristic of a leader with drive?
High levels of energy Persistence in the face of adversity Ambition High need for achievement
Which of the following characterize authentic leaders?
Honesty Trustworthiness Reliability Integrity
Which of the following are pertinent leadership behaviors that path-goal theory identifies?
Participative Directive Supportive Achievement-Oriented
Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory asserts that managers should consider an employee's job ________ before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important.
maturity
Maintenance behaviors are most important for followers with ______ levels of maturity.
moderate
______ is defined as an employee's self-confidence and self-respect.
Psychological maturity
Task performance leadership behaviors focus on which of the following?
Quantity of output Following the rules Work speed
As a ______ leader, Ben can generate excitement in his followers by being a charismatic leader, intellectually stimulating subordinates, and/or giving individualized attention to subordinates.
transformational
Drive refers to characteristics that reflect a(n) ______ of effort.
high level
An effective leader will strive to promote the unleashing of ______ throughout the organization.
intellectual capital
Transformational leadership theory emphasizes generating excitement in followers through ______.
intellectually stimulating subordinates being a charismatic leader giving individualized attention to subordinates
Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory states that before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important, managers should consider an employee's ______.
job maturity
In path-goal theory, the functions of a leader that are of particular importance are to ______.
reduce barriers to goal attainment increase opportunities for personal satisfaction provide coaching and direction
A ______ is a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organization.
vision
According to Hersey and Blanchard, the key factor of situational theory is the ______ of the followers.
maturity
Group maintenance behaviors focus on ______.
people's feelings and comfort stress reduction
According to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics are true?
- Ability is people's beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs. - Locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment. - Authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority.
According to Fiedler, which of the following determine the favorability of a situation?
- Leader-member relations - Task structure - Position power
According to path-goal theory, the important environmental factors that determine appropriate leadership style are which of the following?
- People's tasks - Primary work group - Existing formal authority system
According to Fiedler's contingency model, a leader's effectiveness depends on which of the following?
- The degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence - The personal style of the leader
Charismatic leaders ______.
- are dominant - have strong convictions in the moral righteousness of their beliefs - are exceptionally self-confident
Which of the following type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?
A transformational leader
What are the key follower characteristics in path-goal theory that determine the appropriateness of various leadership styles?
Authoritarianism Locus of control Ability
Which of the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory is a form of task performance-oriented behavior?
Directive leadership
Which model of leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on personal style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation?
Fiedler's contingency model
Match the force in Tannenbaum and Schmidt's model of situational leadership (on the right) with the appropriate descriptions (on the left).
Forces in the manager ===Feelings of security, personal values, confidence in employees Forces in the situation === Type of leadership style the organization values, type of information needed to solve the problem Forces in the subordinate === Understanding and acceptance of organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, interest in the task or problem
According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead?
Forces in the... 1. Management 2. Subordinate 3. Situation
What was the primary focus of Robert House's path-goal theory?
He focused on what managers can do to motivate their employees to achieve group and organizational goals
When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?
It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.
According to which leadership theory do leadership behaviors (including open communication, mutual respect, and mutual loyalty) all work to improve relationships?
Leader-member exchange
______ highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis.
Leader-member exchange theory
What are situational factors used to analyze problems under the Vroom model of leadership?
Likelihood of Commitment Decision Significance Group Expertise
______ theory proposes that the more mature the followers are, the less the leader needs to engage in task performance behaviors.
Situational
Which of the following statements about leaders is true?
They cannot act alone.
Traditional approaches to understanding leadership include which of the following?
Trait Behavioral Situational
What are traditional approaches to leadership?
Trait Approach Situational Approach
______ leaders view management as a series of steps in which they use their powers in a dispassionate manner to get work done.
Transactional
True or false: It is important for managers to act as followers as well as leaders.
True
The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions is called the ______ model.
Vroom
The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify which of the following?
What good leaders do
A vision expresses the leader's ______ for the organization.
ambitions
Path-goal theory proposes that leaders should ______.
analyze and adapt their styles accordingly increase opportunities for personal satisfaction
When leaders strive for credibility in the form of honesty, genuineness, reliability, integrity, and trustworthiness, they are said to be ______ leaders.
authentic
The focus of behavioral leadership is on how leaders ______.
behave
Group maintenance is one of the aspects of the ______ approach to leadership.
behavioral
Leaders who are dominant, self-confident, and able to communicate their vision to subordinates are ______ leaders.
charismatic
People with an external locus of control believe that what happens to them is ______.
controlled by something other than themselves
Effective leaders must defend and execute their vision against opposition and for this reason they must have ______.
courage
In Japan, written memos are preferred over giving directions face-to-face, but in the United States, this is often done face-to-face. This shows that maintenance behaviors differ across ______.
cultures
Courage is needed to help leaders ______.
identify allies manage adversaries execute a vision against opposition
Power is defined as the capacity to ______ other people despite resistance.
influence
Effective leaders must ______.
make people responsible for their own performance
The belief that leaders influence their followers' perceptions of their work goals and their path in attaining them is known as ______ theory.
path-goal
One of the key situational factors in ______ -goal theory is the environmental pressures and demands with which followers must cope to attain their work goals.
path
According to ______ theory, three important environmental factors determine appropriate leadership style.
path-goal
Legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, and referent ______ are the five sources of leadership.
power
When a leader is able to get things done or accomplish goals even when others resist, the leader has ______.
power
Leadership that places primary emphasis on maintaining good interpersonal relationships is known as ______ leadership.
relationship-motivated
According to French and Raven, which of the following is one of the five sources of managerial power?
reward
The level of a person's ______ is a measure of psychological maturity.
self-confidence
The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and the ______.
situation
When leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation they are demonstrating a ______ leadership approach.
situational
A democratic decision may not be appropriate when ______ or decisiveness is of the essence.
speed
According to the concept of ________ for leadership, sometimes leader's don't have to lead and some situation may cause leadership to have little impact.
substitute
Marsha has two employees working under her in the accounting department. Both employees have worked for the company for at least 10 years, have college degrees in accounting, and are confident in themselves. In this department, ______ would be suitable.
substitutes for leadership
Larisa provides guidance to her employees. She also supports them when necessary and provides corrective feedback in their day-to-day activities. Larisa is practicing ______ leadership.
supervisory
______ leadership is behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback.
supervisory
People with a high internal locus of control ______ for their own actions.
take responsibility
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations, whereas ______-oriented leaders are most effective in situations that are very favorable or very unfavorable.
task
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, task-motivated leaders should be used when the ______ is structured and the leader member relations are good.
task
Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are called ______ behaviors.
task performance
Studies of leadership behavior have focused on which of the following aspects?
task performance employee participation in decision making group maintenance
Leadership that emphasizes completion of assignments or jobs is called ______ leadership in Fiedler's contingency model.
task-motivated
In situational theory, Hersey and Blanchard identify which of the following as the key situational factor?
the maturity of the followers
A leadership perspective that attempts to determine the personal characteristics of effective leaders is called the ______ approach.
trait
The ______ approach to leadership assumes that there is a "leadership personality" and that leaders are born, not made.
trait
A ______ leader is someone who uses his or her legitimate power to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.
transactional
A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize and organization is a ______ leader.
transformational
