MICRO CHAPTER 17 QUIZ

An example of a secondary acquired immunodeficiency is AIDS. SCID. adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. DiGeorge syndrome. agammaglobulinemia.

AIDS.

Contact dermatitis involves a sensitizing and provocative dose. an allergen entering the skin. T lymphocytes secreting inflammatory cytokines. the production of itchy papules and blisters. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause recipient antibody activation of the complement cascade to attack the RBCs. fever and anemia. systemic shock and kidney failure. massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is not a theory to explain the origin of autoimmune diseases? sequestered antigen theory forbidden clone theory molecular mimicry theory theory of bystander effect All the choices are currently being investigated as possible explanations.

All the choices are currently being investigated as possible explanations.

Which type/s of hypersensitivities is IgG is involved with? antibody-mediated anaphylaxis Both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated. immune complex-mediated Both anaphylaxis and antibody-mediated.

Both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated.

Degranulation of mast cells leads to Constricted bronchioles. Lymph node swelling. Decreased mucus production. Constriction of blood vessels.

Constricted bronchioles.

John, a Peace Corps worker in the country of Mali in Africa, was in a car accident while traveling through a rural area. He was treated at a tiny rural hospital, and due to his loss of blood required a transfusion. John is B- blood type and has never received a transfusion before. Which statement is correct regarding this scenario? He can be given A+ blood type, in addition to B+. Rh- means that he makes no antibody to Rh. The preferred blood type to give John, in addition to his own B type blood, would be AB. Both types of blood have the B antigen on the cells, so they would correspond to his own antigens. As for Rh, he can receive only Rh- blood since he would have a reaction against Rh+. He can be give types O or B, no matter whether Rh- or Rh+. At this point in time, he does not have anti-Rh antibody. O has no antigens on the blood cells, so he is also safe to receive that type in addition to his own B type. He can safely receive O- blood even though he makes anti-A antibodies.

He can safely receive O- blood even though he makes anti-A antibodies.

All of the following are involved in type II hypersensitivity except IgG. IgM. complement. IgE. foreign cells.

IgE.

In the theory for allergic desensitization, which immunoglobulin blocks the allergen from binding with IgE? IgD IgA IgG IgM IgE

IgG

Many adjuvants can cause inflammatory reactions that make vaccines containing them problematic. Without an adjuvant, which of the following modifications would make an inactivated vaccine more effective? Decrease both the dosage and the number of doses of the vaccine. Increase the dosage and number of doses of the vaccine. Decrease the dosage of the vaccine. Decrease the number of doses of the vaccine.

Increase the dosage and number of doses of the vaccine.

Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity? It involves an immune complex reaction. It involves production of IgE antibodies. Serum sickness is a systemic response. The Arthus reaction is a local response. Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues.

It involves production of IgE antibodies.

Human blood types involve all of the following except genetically determined glycoprotein markers. ABO antigen markers. inheritance of two of three possible alleles. genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors. MHC genes.

MHC genes.

In the most commonly performed version of an ELISA, two wells both exhibit the color change indicative of a positive result. However, the color in one well is much more intense than in the other well. What is the interpretation of this result? One sample contains more antibody than the other. The enzyme is more active in one well than in the other. One well contains more antigen than the other. One well contains more substrate than the other.

One sample contains more antibody than the other.

Which of the following viruses has NOT been used as the basis for a live recombinant vaccine? herpesvirus adenovirus poxvirus poliovirus

POLIOVIRUS

Many men make antibodies to sperm, resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility. What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease? Antigens on sperm cells are similar to antigens on a variety of bacteria, like Streptococcus. After a strep throat, caused by Streptococcus, the immune system produces antibodies to streptococcal antigens, which then cross react with sperm antigens, destroying them. These antibodies are produced as a result of mutations in T lymphocytes, causing them to make large amounts of antibody. Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign. T helper cells erroneously identify sperm cells as foreign invaders, triggering the T cytotoxic cells to start killing sperm.

Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign.

Predict why insect stings and medication injections more often provoke anaphylactic shock, as compared to other allergens found in food or in air. Histamine is overproduced as a result of injected chemicals. The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts, compared to allergens entering the digestive tract or respiratory tract. Chemicals injected as medications cause problems in immune response, resulting in a reduced immune coverage. Chemicals from insects cause a combination of antibody types to be produced, resulting in much larger amounts of total antibody.

The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts, compared to allergens entering the digestive tract or respiratory tract.

You have a dermatitis related to a particular material in your socks. Your feet are covered with a really itchy rash, which has developed blisters over the last day or so. You had first worn them 2 to 3 days ago, and you did not launder them after buying them at the store. Finding some anti-histamine medication in your bathroom cabinet, you decide to take it to relieve the itching rash believing: Multiple Choice The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity. The rash will go away because the anti-histamine neutralizes the histamine chemicals coming from mast cells in your skin. The anti-histamine will have no effect because once a type I hypersensitivity kicks in, it will last for a few days. The anti-histamine will make the rash worse. The anti-histamine chemical in the medication reacts with chemicals release by the lymphocytes in your skin, creating a much worse reaction.

The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity.

In the situation of systemic lupus erythematosis (called lupus), complexes of antibody and antigen form and these immune complexes insert themselves into small blood vessels, joints, heart, and kidney, causing damage to the organ tissue. The course of the disease is unpredictable, with periods of illness alternating with remissions. How is lupus, a type III hypersensitivity, similar to infectious allergy, a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? Both lupus and infectious allergy are immediate-type hypersensitivities, occurring within a few hours. Both lupus and infectious allergy involve large amounts of antibody production. Both lupus and infectious allergy have IgE in their mechanisms. The mechanism of both lupus and infectious allergy involve large amounts of inflammatory chemicals released into tissue.

The mechanism of both lupus and infectious allergy involve large amounts of inflammatory chemicals released into tissue.

Using a direct fluorescent antibody test, a patient's brain tissue sample is flooded with tagged antibody to rabies and it fluoresces when examined under a fluorescent microscope. What can be concluded from this test? The quantity of rabies antigens per square millimeter of brain tissue. The quantity of rabies antibodies in the patient's serum. The rabies virus is present in the patient's brain. The rabies antibody is present in the patient's brain.

The rabies virus is present in the patient's brain

Tetanus toxin mixed with antibodies against the toxin and then administered to mice will result in which of the following? The mice will become immune to tetanus toxin. The mice will briefly show signs of tetanus, but then they will recover. The mice will die from tetanus. There will be no effect of tetanus toxin on the mice.

There will be no effect of tetanus toxin on the mice.

Which if the following is NOT true about vaccinations? Edward Jenner developed a small pox vaccination using cow pox scab crusts. Louis Pasteur investigated immunization and developed a vaccine to rabies. Vaccines are now available for all infectious diseases, although they are not available to all people. The first documented vaccine-like procedures were variolation by the Chinese against smallpox.

Vaccines are now available for all infectious diseases, although they are not available to all people.

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland. autoantibodies. failure of B-cell development and maturity. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells. delayed hypersensitivity.

a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

In which of the following situations would pooled antisera from human donors be a better choice for passive immunotherapy than would horse-derived antisera? a nurse being treated for a needle stick from a hepatitis B- contaminated needle a snakebite victim a patient receiving long-term treatment for an immunodeficiency disease a patient suffering from botulism poisoning

a patient receiving long-term treatment for an immunodeficiency disease

Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle. myelin sheath cells of the nervous system. sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane. cells in thyroid follicles. acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle.

acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle.

Once a mother has been sensitized to the Rh factor, only future Rh- fetuses are at risk. she can be given RhoGAM in future pregnancies to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn. all other Rh+ fetuses are at risk. she can never again have a low risk pregnancy. None of the choices is correct.

all other Rh+ fetuses are at risk.

A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is asthma. eczema. allergic rhinitis. anaphylaxis. atopic dermatitis.

allergic rhinitis.

Mrs. Jones received her lab results, which state that she has a high antibody titer against Hepatitis B. Which of the following tests was most likely used to obtain these results? a direct fluorescent antibody test an agglutination test an immunodiffusion test an immunochromatographic assay Submit

an agglutination test

Which of the following is a modification of an ELISA in which antibodies are bound to a membrane filter instead of to plates? an immunodiffusion test an immunochromatographic assay a western blot an immunofiltration assay

an immunofiltration assay

Individuals with egg allergies cannot receive flu vaccines because of the risk of which of the following? anaphylactic shock contact immunity hemagglutination viral neutralization

anaphylactic shock

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh- will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies? anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh anti-A anti-A and anti-Rh anti-B and anti-Rh anti-B

anti-B and anti-Rh

In which of the following situations would one expect to see NO extensive precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes? antibody excess antigen or antibody excess optimal proportions of antigen and antibody antigen excess

antigen or antibody excess

If a researcher is using an immunodiffusion test to look for the presence of antibodies, __________ will be placed in the well that does not contain the patient's serum. View Available Hint(s) antibodies only tracer dyes both antigens and antibodies antigens only

antigens only

A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered systemic anaphylactic. atopic. antibody-mediated. delayed. T-cell-mediated.

atopic.

Which of the following types of vaccines should NOT be given to pregnant women or immunocompromised individuals? inactivated vaccines attenuated vaccines toxoid vaccines recombinant vaccines

attenuated vaccines

Autoimmunity is typically due to transfusion reaction. graft rejection. a deficiency in T-cell development. IgE and mast cells. autoantibodies and T cells.

autoantibodies and T cells.

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a/an autograft. isograft. xenograft. allograft. hypograft.

autograft.

All of the following can result in acquired immune deficiency except malnutrition. bacterial infection. stress. pregnancy. radiation treatment.

bacterial infection.

An antihistamine will relieve inflammatory symptoms. bind to histamine receptors on target organs. block synthesis of leukotrienes. inhibit the activity of lymphocytes. reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles.

bind to histamine receptors on target organs.

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen? bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils prostaglandins causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils histamine acting on smooth muscle degranulation

binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils

What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters the body for a second time? bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils histamine acts on smooth muscle degranulation

bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils

One of the advantages of the oral poliovirus vaccine is that it contains an attenuated strain of the virus that is excreted from the intestinal tract of the immunized individual, usually a baby or young child. This is an example of which of the following? herd immunity alone contact immunity alone both contact and herd immunity neither contact nor herd immunity

both contact and herd immunity

Which of the following is not a target for immune complex deposition? brain kidneys joints blood vessels and skin heart and lungs

brain

DiGeorge syndrome is the result of delayed hypersensitivity. failure of B-cell development and maturity. autoantibodies. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells. congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.

congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.

Which of the following is not a possible outcome of a type I hypersensitivity reaction? sneezing rashes diarrhea rhinitis contact dermatitis

contact dermatitis

Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators? degranulation prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability histamine acts on smooth muscle binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils

degranulation

Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing tissue matching. sensitization. degranulation. desensitization.

desensitization.

The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when fetal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ mother. maternal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- fetus. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh+ mother. maternal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ fetus. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother.

etal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother.

Which of the following is NOT associated with an immunodiffusion test? agar wells containing antigen and antibody line of precipitation fluorescein

fluorescein

What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes? graft versus host disease formation of autoantibodies hypogammaglobulinemia host rejection of graft

graft versus host disease

Attenuated virus vaccines can be produced by which of the following processes? exposure to formaldehyde isolation of genes coding for particular antigens treatment of the virus with heat growth in tissue culture cells for many generations

growth in tissue culture cells for many generations

Which is mismatched? transfusion reaction - type II hypersensitivity hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity food allergy - type I hypersensitivity serum sickness - type III hypersensitivity poison ivy dermatitis - type IV hypersensitivity

hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity

Any heightened immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an hypersensitivity. autoimmune disease. desensitization. immunodeficiency. transfusion reaction.

hypersensitivity.

What can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B-cell survival and maturity? host rejection of graft formation of autoantibodies graft versus host disease hypogammaglobulinemia

hypogammaglobulinemia

Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a/n _____ hypersensitivity. T-cell-mediated antibody-mediated immune complex-mediated immediate Both T-cell-mediated and antibody-mediated are correct.

immediate

The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is epidemiology. hemopathology. histopathology. humoralpathology. immunopathology.

immunopathology.

Histamine causes all of the following except relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. pruritis and headache. wheal and flare reaction in skin. increased sensitivity to pain. constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine.

increased sensitivity to pain.

Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen? ingestant inhalant contactant injectant

inhalant

Corticosteroids will inhibit the activity of lymphocytes. reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles. bind to histamine receptors on target organs. relieve inflammatory symptoms. block synthesis of leukotrienes.

inhibit the activity of lymphocytes.

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen? injectant ingestant inhalant contactant

injectant

A female who is Rh- can never have an Rh+ baby. inherited two dominant genes. is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status. is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

The DTaP vaccine is given four times in the first 18 months of life because __________. it is a combination of a toxoid vaccine and subunit vaccine the diseases it protects against are most dangerous during this time frame it stimulates Th1 and Tc cells, which are most active during this time frame it can cause anaphylactic shock if given over a longer period of time

it is a combination of a toxoid vaccine and subunit vaccine

A person with O type blood could not have the Rh factor. lacks A and B antigens. lacks all of the alleles for ABO blood type. is called a universal recipient.

lacks A and B antigens.

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is prostaglandin. platelet-activating factor. histamine. serotonin. leukotriene.

leukotriene.

All of the following are autoimmune diseases except metastatic cancer. type I diabetes. rheumatoid arthritis. Graves' disease. systemic lupus erythematosus.

metastatic cancer.

In multiple sclerosis, autoantibodies attack acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle. cells in thyroid follicles. myelin sheath cells of the nervous system. acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle. sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane.

myelin sheath cells of the nervous system.

A person who produces anti-A and anti-B serum antibodies will have blood type Multiple Choice Rh. AB. B. A. O.

o`

A scientist wishes to produce a recombinant DNA vaccine. Which of the following would be most useful for this task? toxoids plasmids adjuvants formaldehyde

plasmids

Which of the following occurs when soluble antigens combine with antibodies? precipitation hemagglutination agglutination neutralization

precipitation

A second encounter with an allergen that causes a response is called the _____ dose. hypersensitivity desensitizing provocative allergic sensitizing

provocative

Epinephrine is an antihistamine. reverses constriction of airways. causes desensitization. inhibits the activity of lymphocytes.

reverses constriction of airways.

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _____ dose. sensitizing provocative desensitizing hypersensitivity allergic

sensitizing

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in hemolytic disease of the newborn. serum sickness. delayed hypersensitivity. anaphylaxis.

serum sickness.

You were out in the garage going through boxes when you were bitten by an a spider. You tell the doctor that the spider was tiny and black, causing the doctor to think perhaps that it was a black widow spider The doctor gives you an injection of antibody to the spider venom to give you immediate protection. The antibody is produced in horses by injecting them with small doses of the spider venom, causing the horse's immune system to make large amounts of specific antibody to the antigen. The horse serum is then purified before being given to humans. A week later, you notice a red rash spreading away from the injection spot, where the doctor gave you the anti-venom shot. A few days later, the rash has spread and swelling in also present. You have joint pain as well as sore muscles all over your body. The lymph nodes in the armpit are swollen and painful. Going back to the doctor, he diagnoses you with: Arthus reaction. a delayed type hypersensitivity mediated by cytotoxic T cells along with helper T cells. serum sickness. a Staphylococcus infection related to the spider bite. anaphylactic shock.

serum sickness.

A systemic, sometimes fatal, reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is T-cell-mediated. antibody-mediated. delayed. atopic. systemic anaphylaxis.

systemic anaphylaxis.

All of the following are associated with IgE and mast-cell-mediated allergy except drug allergy. systemic lupus erythematosus. anaphylaxis. eczema. allergic asthma.

systemic lupus erythematosus.

Allergies run in families because immunoglobulins pass through breast milk. immunoglobulins pass from mother to fetus. the variable region of antibodies is genetically determined. the relative production of IgE is inherited.

the relative production of IgE is inherited.

Which of the following describes the role of anti-antibodies in an immunochromatographic test? to react with an antibody-bound enzyme, producing a color change to separate proteins according to size to produce an antibody titer to concentrate antigen-antibody complexes, making them visible

to concentrate antigen-antibody complexes, making them visible

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except myasthenia gravis. tuberculin reaction. multiple sclerosis. rheumatoid arthritis. Graves' disease.

tuberculin reaction.

topy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category type I and type IV. type I, type II, and type III. type I only. type IV only. type I, type II, type III, and type IV.

type I only.

The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response include type I and type IV. type I only. type I, type II, and type III. type IV only. type I, type II, type III, and type IV.

type I, type II, and type III.