Micro Exam 4

Choose the habitat of the bacterium Sphingobacterium.

Environmental

Choose the habitat of the bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi. Environmental only, not human flora

Environmental and human flora

Choose the habitat of the bacterium Paracoccus yeei.

Environmental only, not human flora

Choose the habitat of the bacterium Psychrobacter immobilis.

Environmental, cold climates

Enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive are terms often linked to which of the following bacterial species?

Escherichia coli

Match the triple sugar iron agar (TSI) agar reaction with the most likely bacterial species - Acid slant, acid butt, no H2S

Escherichia coli

The serotype O157:H7 of which of the following bacterial species is associated with a serious diarrheal illness with high mortality rates among some populations?

Escherichia coli

MacConkey-sorbitol agar is useful for detecting pathogenic strains of

Escherichia coli.

The major etiologic agent of urinary tract infections is

Escherichia coli.

True or False? The lack of validated in vitro susceptibility testing methods does not allow definitive treatment and testing guidelines to be given for B. parapertussis.

False

The organism most frequently associated with various infections in humans is

Achromobacter.

Valid susceptibility testing methods are not available for

Achromobacter.

Of the following species, which are widely distributed in nature and hospital environments?

Acinetobacter spp.

Plump coccobacilli that tend to resist alcohol decolorization and may be mistaken for Neisseria spp. Are

Acinetobacter spp.

An organism that can be described as oxidase-negative, MacConkey agar-positive, glucose nonfermenter is likely

Acinetobacter.

Which of the following bacteria are etiologic agents of foodborne gastroenteritis in the United States?

All of the above are correct Shigella species Salmonella species Yersinia enterocolitica Escherichia coli

Among the yellow-pigmented, oxidase-positive, glucose oxidizers that are occasionally encountered in human specimens are

All of the above are correct Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Sphingobacterium spiritivorum. Empedobacter brevis.

Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, and Bordetella are all

All of the above are correct MacConkey-positive. oxidase-positive. nonglucose utilizers.

Which best describes the source of Burkholderia cepacia infections?

All of the above are correct. Plants, soil, and water Medical devices medical solutions Contaminated foods

Pertussis (whooping cough), an epidemic disease, is a highly contagious, acute infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by

Bordetella species.

Gram stain morphology, motility, and flagellar placement are important identifying characteristics of

Bordetella.

Of the species of Burkholderia, which is the one most commonly found in clinical specimens?

Burkholderia cepacia

The disease referred to as melioidosis is caused by

Burkholderia pseudomallei.

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CHAPTER 24

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CHAPTER 25

CHAPTER 26

CHAPTER 26

Chapter 22

Chapter 22

Chapter 23

Chapter 23

Profuse watery diarrhea ("rice water stools"), leading to dramatic fluid loss, severe dehydration, and hypotension that frequently leads to death, is the hallmark of which toxin activity?

Cholera toxin (CT)

Valid susceptibility testing methods are not available for

Chryseobacterium.

Choose the habitat of the bacterium Rhizobium radiobacter.

Environmental

The gram-negative bacillus that can be described as oxidase-negative, nitrate-positive, and H2S-positive is

Edwardsiella spp.

Choose the bacterial family that is best described as catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, gram-negative bacilli that are facultative anaerobes and most of which reduce nitrates to nitrites.

Enterobacteriaceae

Not only is this group of gram-negative bacteria considered normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, but also it contains agents of important diseases such as gastroenteritis and enteric fevers, urinary tract infections, and bacterial pneumonia.

Enterobacteriaceae

Choose the habitat of the bacterium Agrobacterium.

Environmental

Choose the habitat of the bacterium Chryseobacterium.

Environmental

Choose the habitat of the bacterium Empedobacter.

Environmental

Most strains of Escherichia coli can be presumptively identified based on which characteristic?

Indole positive

All Brevundimonas, Burkholderia, Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, and Acidovorax share which of the following characteristics?

None of the above are correct.

A convenient and reliable identification scheme for P. aeruginosa involves the following conventional tests:

Oxidase, TSI slant, growth at 42? C on Mueller-Hinton agar or trypticase soy agar

The swarming gram-negative bacillus that can be described as oxidase-negative, nitrate-positive, indole-negative, and H2S- positive is

Proteus mirabilis

The swarming gram-negative bacillus that can be presumptively identified based on a positive indole test is

Proteus vulgaris.

Excluding Enterobacteriaceae, name the second most common gram-negative bacilli encountered in clinical specimens.

Pseudomonas

An organism described as oxidase-positive, TSI slant with an alkaline/no change, good growth at 42? C, and producing bright bluish green pigment on Mueller-Hinton agar is most likely

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Production of exotoxin A, which kills host cells by inhibiting protein synthesis, and production of several proteolytic enzymes and hemolysins that destroy cells and tissue are factors that contribute to pathogenicity of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The gram-negative bacillus that can be described as oxidase-negative, nitrate-positive, indole-negative, citrate-positive, methyl red-positive, urease-negative, H2S-positive is

Salmonella enteritidis.

Match the triple sugar iron agar (TSI) agar reaction with the most likely bacterial species - Alkaline slant, acid butt, with H2S

Salmonella species

Which statement best describes the habitats of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Chromobacterium violaceum?

The habitats are limited mostly to water sources.

Which statement best describes the habitats of Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, and Bordetella?

The habitats vary from the soil and water environment to the upper respiratory tract of various mammals.

Stool specimens suspected of containing which enteric pathogen should be collected and transported only in Cary-Blair medium because buffered glycerol saline is toxic for this bacterium?

Vibrio

The selective medium thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar is especially formulated for isolating what pathogen from stool cultures?

Vibrio

Profuse watery diarrhea ("rice water stools"), leading to dramatic fluid loss, severe dehydration, and hypotension that frequently leads to death, is the hallmark of infection with which bacterial species?

Vibrio cholerae

For more serious infections caused by Acinetobacter spp., such as pneumonia or bacteremia, effective treatment may require the use of

a beta-lactam agent in combination with an aminoglycoside.

The most common type of infection caused by both Rhizobium radiobacter and Ochrobactrum anthropi is

bacteremia

The primary habitat for Vibrio spp is

brackish or marine water.

The mode of transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica can best be described as

close contact with animals

The mode of transmission of Achromobacter denitrificans can best be described as

contaminated fluids or medical solutions.

Transmission of Chromobacterium violaceum to humans is by

exposure of disrupted skin to contaminated soil and water.

The primary habitat for Aeromonas spp. is

fresh water

The primary habitat for Plesiomonas shigelloides and Chromobacterium violaceum is

fresh water.

Indole production, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate, urease, oxidase, H2S production, and gelatin liquefaction are tests historically performed on a

gram-negative bacillus.

Transmission of Aeromonas spp. to humans is by

ingestion of contaminated seafood or water.

Transmission of Plesiomonas shigelloides to humans is by

ingestion of contaminated seafood or water.

Transmission of Vibrio spp. to humans is by

ingestion of contaminated seafood or water.

Match the organism with its biochemical description. Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus can be described as

nonmotile and both urea- and phenylalanine deaminase-positive.

The first biochemical test that is performed on a gram-negative bacillus growing on MacConkey agar to determine the identification scheme is the

oxidase test.

Plesiomonas spp. can be described as

oxidase-positive, glucose-fermenting, gram-negative bacilli that grow on MacConkey agar

Vibrio spp. can be described as

oxidase-positive, glucose-fermenting, gram-negative bacilli that grow on MacConkey agar

Aeromonas spp. can be described as

oxidase-positive, glucose-fermenting, gram-negative bacilli that grow on MacConkey agar.

Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Plesiomonas are all

oxidase-positive, glucose-fermenting, gram-negative bacilli that grow on MacConkey agar.

Match the organism with its biochemical description. B. bronchiseptica is

oxidase-positive, motile, and rapid urease-positive.

The natural habitat of Achromobacter sp. can best be described as

the natural environment.

The natural habitat of Acinetobacter sp. can best be described as

the natural environment.

The natural habitat of Chryseobacterium sp. can best be described as

the natural environment.

Differentiation of S. maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia is best accomplished by

the oxidase test

The primary habitat for Chromobacterium violaceum is

the soil and water environment.

The primary drug of choice for infections caused by S. maltophilia is

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Match the organism with its biochemical description. Myroides is

urease-positive and has a fruity odor.