MICROBIO UNIT 1 QUIZ KEY
where do opportunistic pathogens originate from
normal microbiota
what does the envelope of mycobacteria contain
peptidoglycan
what respiration require to function
a source of electrons
what do catabolic processes release
energy
what ae catabolic process coupled to (linked to)
ATP formation reactions ADP + P -- ATP
a motile bacterium moving a completely random manner
produce more tumbles than runs within its flagella
if ribophase biphosphate carboxylase were absent from an autotroph, what would it be NOT able to fix
CO2
what becomes reduced during light independent reactions
CO2
metachromatic granules
contains polymerized phosphate and represents a storage form for inorganic phosphate and energy
light is directly involved in the Calvin benson cycle
FALSE
if light energy was the light was also involved in the process, which of these reactions would represent photosynthesis as cyanobacteria would carry it out
H2O ---- NADP+
what is being reduced in the picture
NAD+
what does glycolosis yield
NADH AND ATP
Do gram positive bacteria have an outer membrane?
No. Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer lipid membrane.
what component is an absolute requirement for growth, may be toxic for others, and some can live with or without it
O2/OXYGEN
carboxysomes
RuBisCO enzyme for CO2 fixation during photosynthesis found in some autotrophic bacteria
the classification of microbes into domains revealed the existence of two distinct taxonomic groups of prokaryotes
TRUE
the metabolic capabilities have of bacteria and archaea have importance at all ecosystem levels
TRUE
there are bacterial types that lack a cell wall
TRUE
viruses are not capable of taking in and metabolizing nutrients and carrying out most other of lifes activities
TRUE
spirochete
a flexible spirally twisted bacterium, especially one that causes syphilis
ribulose biphosphate (RuBP), the molecule that CO2 is attached to (fixed) in the cycle must continually...
be regenerated to maintain CO2 fixation (attachment)
potential virulence factors for pathogens
capsule, fimbriae, flagella
after adding 10 g/L of a nutrient is added to a growing liquid culture of E Coli, the quantity of cell mass has doubled. what nutrient source added yielded this effect
carbon
what is endospore formation induced by
chemical, physical and nutritional stress
only one type of these would be found in prokaryotic cell
chromosome
normal microbiota provide protection from infection by
compete with pathogens for nutrients, produce antibacterial chemicals, make chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria, can change pH of their environment
what does glycolosis initially require
energy in the form of ATP
what is true about respiration
it occurs in the absence of oxygen depending on the bacterial type
what all three groups considered include members that are microbes
eukaryote, archaea and bacteria
various concentrations of the following: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, peroxidase, or some combination of these enzymes would be found in
facultative anaerobe, aerotolerant anaerobe, obligate aerobe and microaerophile
gas vacuoles
flotation, depth adjustment
what comes before formation of a mature endospore
forespore development
what do catabolic processes lead to
formation of smaller molecules from larger complex molecules
what are endospore forming bacteria
genus bacillus and genus clostridium
what does glycolysis begin with
glucose and ends with 2 pyruvate molecules
what supplies ATPs for fermentation
glycolosis
what forms ATP
glycolosis; via substrate level phosphorylation
what bacterium is O polysaccharide (O antigen) associated with
gram negative
which bacteria contains endotoxin activity if it were lysed
gram negative bacteria
Where are techoic acids found?
gram positive bacteria
what do crystal violet and bile salts inhibit the growth of
gram positive bacteria
what are endospores highly resistant to
heat, Chemical treatment and radiation
where is glucose oxidation completed and ATP, NADH, FADH2 are formed
in the Krebs cycle
what is occurring at phase A
inoculation of the medium comes immediate before (precedes) this phase
which is oxidized in the picture
isocitric acid
PHB inclusions
lipid inclusions used as an energy reserve
what is happening at phase B & D
logarithmic changes in cell numbers
what comprise many members of archaea
methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles
what defines this as anaerobic respiration in electron transport chain
molecule B (2nd molecule on bottom next to 2e-)
what is happening at phase C
new cells are forming at the same rate they are dying
what is the electron source for respiration
organic like glucose or a completely inorganic chemical form
what does respiration rely on
oxidative phosphorylation to produce most of its energy as ATP
what becomes reduced during cellular respiration
oxygen
endosymbioant theory comes from
presences of DNA and ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts, mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to prokaryotic cells; they are NOT able to grow and divide outside their own cell
peptone, proteose peptone, lactose monohydrate, bile salts, sodium chloride, neutral red, crystal violet, and agar are
selective, differential, and complex mediums
antisepsis
sterilization process that eliminates microorganisms in living tissues
disinfection
sterilization process that eliminates microorganisms on inanimate objects
sulfure granules
sulfur oxidation product
commensalistic bacteria
they will not harm you
what 3 bacterial types would be capable in growing in the absence of oxygen
type 1: psychrophilic, alkalophilic, facultative anaerobe type 2: mesophilic, halophilic, aerotolerant anaerobe type 3: hyperthermophilic, acidophilic, obligate anaerobe
what is the source of electrons for oxygenic photosynthesis
water
