Microbiology Quiz 3

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to gram-negative cells? A) lipopolysaccharide B) teichoic acid C) mycolic acid D) peptidoglycan

A) lipopolysaccharide

Which of the following is not a clinically significant, spore-forming bacterium? A) Bacillus anthracis B) Clostridium botulinum C) Clostridium difficile D) Escherichia coli

D) Escherichia coli

Which of the following are not types of inclusions in bacterial cells? A) carboxysomes B) magnetosomes C) thylakoids D) volutin granules

C) thylakoids

Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped? A) coccus B) coccobacilli C) vibrio D) spirillum

C) vibrio

Sporulation generally occurs under which of the following circumstances? A) when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients B) when microbes are exposed to a new, favorable environment C) when microbes are under little stress and can become dormant D) when resources become highly abundant

A) when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients

Which of the following is not composed of microtubules? A) desmosomes B) centrioles C) eukaryotic flagella D) eukaryotic cilia

A) desmosomes

Which of the following individuals did not contribute to the establishment of cell theory? A) Girolamo Fracastoro B) Matthias Schleiden C) Robert Remak D) Robert Hooke

A) Girolamo Fracastoro

Which scientist thought spontaneous generation had occurred in flasks of broth after the broth had been boiled? A) John Needham B) Louis Pasteur C) Francesco Redi D) Jan Baptista van Helmont

A) John Needham

Which of the following is a series of steps for determining the causative agent of a particular disease? A) Koch's postulates B) Lister's checklists C) Pasteur's principles D) Semmelweis' guidelines

A) Koch's postulates

Microfilaments are composed of which structure? A) actin B) desmin C) keratin D) tubulin

A) actin

In which types of organisms are phospholipids with branched chains common? A) archaea B) bacteria C) eukaryotes D) all of the above

A) archaea

The lipopolysaccharide molecule is an important component of the cell membranes of which organisms? A) archaeans B) eukaryotes C) gram-negative bacteria D) gram-positive bacteria

C) gram-negative bacteria

Which of the following gives the correct order of the stages of sporulation? A) Cortex formation, formation of a double layer of membrane, DNA replication, spore release B) DNA replication, formation of a double layer of membrane, cortex formation, spore release C) DNA replication, spore release, cortex formation, formation of a double layer of membrane D) Formation of a double layer of membrane, DNA replication, spore release, cortex formation

B) DNA replication, formation of a double layer of membrane, cortex formation, spore release

Which scientist performed an elegant series of experiments that finally and definitively disproved the theory of spontaneous generation? A) John Needham B) Louis Pasteur C) Francesco Redi D) Jan Baptista van Helmont

B) Louis Pasteur

Which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen? A) John Snow B) Robert Koch C) Joseph Lister D) Louis Pasteur

B) Robert Koch

Which of the following is not a difference between endospores and vegetative cells? A) Vegetative cells are metabolically active, whereas endospores are dormant. B) Vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activities, whereas endospores are more sensitive to change. C) Vegetative cells normally have enzyme activity, whereas endospores do not show enzymatic activity. D) Vegetative cells stain easily using normal staining protocols, whereas endospores are difficult to stain without special endospore stains.

B) Vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activities, whereas endospores are more sensitive to change.

Which cell would best be able to survive in a hypotonic environment? A) a gram-positive bacterium in a medium containing penicillin B) a gram-positive bacterium in a medium without antibiotics C) an animal red blood cell D) an archaeal cell lacking a cell wall

B) a gram-positive bacterium in a medium without antibiotics

All cells have which of the following? A) capsule B) cell membrane C) cell wall D) nucleus

B) cell membrane

Immediately following asymmetric cell division during sporulation, which of the following structures contains the DNA and goes on to develop into an endospore? A) cortex B) forespore C) hindspore D) spore coat

B) forespore

Capsules and slime layers are examples of which type of structure? A) cell walls B) glycocalyces C) peptidoglycan layers D) S-layers

B) glycocalyces

Bacteria use flagella to move purposefully toward or away from a chemical by which of the following? A) having alternating runs and tumbles of equal lengths B) increasing the length of runs and decreasing the length of tumbles C) increasing the length of tumbles and decreasing the length of runs D) using only runs

B) increasing the length of runs and decreasing the length of tumbles

Which type of cytoskeletal fiber is important in the formation of the nuclear lamina? A) microfilaments B) intermediate filaments C) microtubules D) fibronectin

B) intermediate filaments

Which of the following is not part of the endomembrane system? A) lysosomes B) mitochondria C) the Golgi apparatus D) the rough endoplasmic reticulum

B) mitochondria

Which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles? A) active transport B) pinocytosis C) receptor-mediated endocytosis D) facilitated diffusion

B) pinocytosis

The bacterial chromosome located in which of the following? A) the capsule B) the nucleoid region C) the nucleus D) the thylakoids

B) the nucleoid region

Which of the following experimented with raw meat, maggots, and flies in an attempt to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. A) Aristotle B) Lazzaro Spallanzani C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek D) Francesco Redi

C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following is not evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? A) Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain ribosomes that resemble prokaryotic ribosomes. B) Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own DNA that resembles prokaryotic DNA. C) Chloroplasts and mitochondria have structures that resemble prokaryotic cell walls. D) Chloroplasts and mitochondria reproduce using binary fission, like prokaryotic cells.

C) Chloroplasts and mitochondria have structures that resemble prokaryotic cell walls.

Prokaryotes are classified into which domain(s)? A) Domain Archaea only B) Domain Bacteria only C) Domains Archaea and Bacteria only D) Domains Bacteria and Eukarya only

C) Domains Archaea and Bacteria only

Sugar groups may be added to proteins in which of the following? A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosome

C) Golgi apparatus

In eukaryotic cells, the function of the nucleolus is which of the following? A) It is where all the nuclear DNA is located. B) It is where cellular respiration takes place. C) It is where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins. D) It is where transcription and translation of all gene products take place.

C) It is where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins.

Which of the following individuals argued in favor of the theory of spontaneous generation? A) Francesco Redi B) Louis Pasteur C) John Needham D) Lazzaro Spallanzani

C) John Needham

Whose proposal of the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin was ultimately accepted by the greater scientific community? A) Rudolf Virchow B) Ignaz Semmelweis C) Lynn Margulis D) Theodor Schwann

C) Lynn Margulis

Which of the following is true of ribosomes? A) All prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S and eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S. B) Bacterial ribosomes are 70S, whereas archaeal and eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S. C) Organelle ribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, whereas eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S. D) Prokaryotic ribosomes are 80S, but eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are variable in size.

C) Organelle ribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, whereas eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S.

Which best describes the function of cristae? A) They aid in the proper trafficking of vesicles around eukaryotic cells. B) They are compartments for digestive enzyme storage in eukaryotic cells. C) They increase the surface area for reactions associated with cellular respiration. D) They provide a location for the light reactions of photosynthesis in plant cells.

C) They increase the surface area for reactions associated with cellular respiration.

How did Joseph Lister dramatically improve surgical outcomes? A) by developing new antibiotics B) by developing new ways to circulate air within surgical facilities C) by using phenol as an antiseptic and disinfectant during surgery D)by using vaccination against communicable diseases

C) by using phenol as an antiseptic and disinfectant during surgery

Which of the following are anchored into the plasma membrane by a basal body composed of nine triplets of microtubules? A) eukaryotic cilia only B) eukaryotic flagella only C) eukaryotic cilia and flagella only D) prokaryotic flagella only

C) eukaryotic cilia and flagella only

Which bacterial structures are important for adherence to surfaces? (Select all that apply.) A) endospores B) cell walls C) Correct fimbriae D) Correct capsules E) Flagella

C) fimbriae D) capsules

Which of the following is not a typical difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? A) Eukaryotes have ester-linked phospholipids, whereas prokaryotes have ether-linked or ester-linked phospholipids. B) Eukaryotic cell walls lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls (if present), whereas many prokaryotes use peptidoglycan in their cell walls. C) Eukaryotic cells have histones for DNA organization, whereas prokaryotic cells have histone-like proteins or nucleoid-associated proteins involved in DNA organization. D) Eukaryotic cells typically have circular chromosomes, whereas prokaryotic cells typically have linear chromosomes.

D) Eukaryotic cells typically have circular chromosomes, whereas prokaryotic cells typically have linear chromosomes.

Which physician realized that doctors were causing maternal deaths by failing to wash their hands while assisting during childbirth? A) Girolamo Fracastoro B) Joseph Lister C) Louis Pasteur D) Ignaz Semmelweis

D) Ignaz Semmelweis

The first known use of epidemiology to trace the source of a disease outbreak was the identification of contaminated water as the cause of cholera transmission in London. Which of the following was the physician who accomplished this? A) Joseph Lister B) John Needham C) Ignaz Semmelweis D) John Snow

D) John Snow

Which of the following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flask? A) Aristotle B) Jan Baptista van Helmont C) John Needham D) Louis Pasteur

D) Louis Pasteur

Which of the following is not true of archaeal membranes? A) They are sometimes monolayers. B) They have branched phospholipids. C) They have ether linkages instead of ester linkages. D) They have peptidoglycan linkages attaching their membranes to their cell walls.

D) They have peptidoglycan linkages attaching their membranes to their cell walls.

For a peritrichously flagellated bacterium, which of the following results in a run? A) alternating beating of flagella B) alternating whip-like movements of flagella C) clockwise flagellar rotation D) counterclockwise flagellar rotation

D) counterclockwise flagellar rotation

Which of the following terms refers to a bacterial cell having a single tuft of flagella at one end? A) monotrichous B) amphitrichous C) peritrichous D) lophotrichous

D) lophotrichous

Which of the following structures of a eukaryotic cell is not likely derived from endosymbiotic bacterium? A) mitochondrial DNA B) mitochondrial ribosomes C) inner membrane D) outer membrane

D) outer membrane

Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of which of the following? A) phospholipid B) protein C) carbohydrate D) peptidoglycan

D) peptidoglycan

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosome D) peroxisome

D) peroxisome

When a bacterial cell with a cell wall is placed in salt water with a higher-solute concentration than the cell cytoplasm, the cell will undergo which of the following? A) crenation B) crenolysis C) lysis D) plasmolysis

D) plasmolysis

The idea that life could appear from nonliving materials was called which of the following? A) the cell theory B) the cellular genesis theory C) the theory of biogenesis D) the theory of spontaneous generation

D) the theory of spontaneous generation

Which term refers to proteins that extend across the plasma membrane from one side to the other? A) glycoproteins B) lipoproteins C) peripheral proteins D) transmembrane proteins

D) transmembrane proteins

Which term refers to a curved rod? A) bacillus B) coccus C) spirillum D) vibrio

D) vibrio