Microbiology, Unit 4, Chapter 21

a. Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

A gastroenteritis which usually resolves in 72 hours is contracted from eating shellfish contaminated with: a. Vibrio parahaemolyticus. b. Helicobacter pylori. c. Vibrio cholera. d. Campylobacter jejuni. e. Ehrlichia caffeensis.

d. on hands or by flies.

Among adults Chlamydia trachomatis is an STD, but among children who are not sexually active, it can cause ocular infections which may be spread a. by flies. b. on hands. c. by contact with saliva or blood. d. on hands or by flies. e. in saliva.

b. Orientia tsutsugamushi

Red mites (chiggers) spread ________ among both humans and rodents. a. Rickettsia rickettsii b. Orientia tsutsugamushi c. Borrelia recurrentis d. Ehrlichia chaffeensis e. Rickettsia typhi

a. the human body louse Pediculus humanus.

Rickettsia prowazekii is transmitted by: a. the human body louse Pediculus humanus. b. the dog tick Dermacentor. c. the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. d. mites of the genus Leptotrombidium. e. the rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis.

d. infects the lining of blood vessels and leads to leaking of plasma into tissue.

Rickettsiosis is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a pathogen that: a. lyses the host's cells. b. produces powerful exotoxins. c. interferes with the host cell's Krebs cycle. d. infects the lining of blood vessels and leads to leaking of plasma into tissue. e. provokes a severe immune response.

a. buboes.

Sexually transmitted chlamydia is similar to infection with Yersinia pestis in that they both can produce a. buboes. b. conjunctivitis. c. pelvic inflammatory disease in females. d. pneumonia. e. urethritis.

True

T/F: A positive urease test in cultures from gastric secretions provides preliminary identification of Helicobacter pylori.

False

T/F: All of the rickettsias are spread by transovarian transfer.

True

T/F: All stages of Ixodes, the vector for Lyme disease, may feed on humans.

False

T/F: An expanding rash that resembles a bull's-eye is characteristic of secondary syphilis.

True

T/F: Campylobacter gastroenteritis is usually caused by ingestion of contaminated poultry.

True

T/F: Chlamydia trachomatis produces a dormant, resistant stage for transmission from one host to another.

True

T/F: Cholera toxin causes intestinal cells to secrete large amounts of electrolytes, resulting in a very watery diarrhea.

False

T/F: Humans are the only hosts of Rickettsia rickettsii.

False

T/F: Small doses of antimicrobial agents are very effective in treating the late stages of Borrelia infection because most of the symptoms result from immune responses.

False

T/F: Vibrio vulnificus causes septicemia that is self-limiting and rarely fatal.

d. either as a nymph or an adult

The Ixodes tick can infect humans with Borrelia burgdorferi during which stage(s) of its life cycle? a. only as a larva b. only as an adult c. only as a nymph d. either as a nymph or an adult e. either as a larva or a nymph

e. Treponema pallidum pallidum.

The STD characterized by three distinctly different symptomatic stages is the result of infection with a. Chlamydia trachomatis. b. Leptospira interrogans. c. Treponema carateum. d. Treponema pallidum pertenue. e. Treponema pallidum pallidum.

d. Campylobacter jejuni

The bacterium ________ is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis contracted from contaminated food, especially poultry. a. Helicobacter pylori b. Leptospira interrogans c. Vibrio parahaemolyticus d. Campylobacter jejuni e. Vibrio cholerae

a. reticulate bodies.

The endosomes of cells infected with chlamydia are filled up with the form known as: a. reticulate bodies. b. elementary bodies. c. morula. d. inclusion bodies. e. initial bodies.

a. Chlamydia trachomatis

The intracellular parasite ________ infects cells of the conjunctiva and mucous membranes throughout the body. a. Chlamydia trachomatis b. Helicobacter pylori c. Ehrlichia caffeensis d. Anaplasma phagocytophilium e. Orientia tsutsugamushi

e. its ability to produce a potent exotoxin.

The most important virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae is: a. its ability to survive in fresh water. b. the presence of two axial flagella. c. the fact that it is oxidase positive. d. its ability to live in estuarine and marine environments all over the world. e. its ability to produce a potent exotoxin.

e. capillary damage.

The rash of spotted fever rickettsiosis is the result of: a. allergic reaction to the vector. b. production of a toxin that causes inflammation. c. infection of skin cells. d. infection of sebaceous glands. e. capillary damage.

e. is caused by the LGV strain of Chlamydia trachomatis.

The sexually transmitted invasive form of chlamydia a. does not recur because of the immune response the host produces against reinfection. b. is symptomatic in 85% of infected females. c. never infects the baby of an infected mother during birth. d. is easily differentiated from gonorrhea. e. is caused by the LGV strain of Chlamydia trachomatis.

a. invasion by H. pylori into the mucosa of the stomach.

The signs and symptoms of infection with Helicobacter pylori are the result of: a. invasion by H. pylori into the mucosa of the stomach. b. the production of exotoxins by H. pylori in the intestines. c. damage to the lining of blood vessels by H. pylori. d. the production of toxins by H. pylori in contaminated food. e. invasion by H. pylori into the mucosa of the large intestine.

e. a painless reddened lesion called a chancre at the site of infection.

The typical lesion of primary syphilis is: a. purulent sore throat. b. the development of buboes in the lymph nodes at the site of infection. c. a generalized rash. d. gummas in bones, in nervous tissues, or on the skin. e. a painless reddened lesion called a chancre at the site of infection.

b. relapsing fever.

This pattern of fever is most commonly seen with: a. Lyme disease. b. relapsing fever. c. lymphogranuloma venereum. d. syphilis. e. yaws.

a. an infected female vector transmits the pathogen to the eggs forming in its ovaries.

Transovarian transmission is a process in which: a. an infected female vector transmits the pathogen to the eggs forming in its ovaries. b. a pathogen infects the ovaries of the host. c. the pathogen is spread from one host to the next by unprotected sexual intercourse. d. the pathogen is transmitted from an infected male to a healthy female during mating. e. a pathogen is transmitted to the host when the host ingests contaminated eggs.

b. elementary body, initial body, morula

Which of the following is the correct sequence for stages of Ehrlichia development in infected host cells? a. initial body, morula, elementary body b. elementary body, initial body, morula c. morula, initial body, morula, elementary body d. morula, elementary body, initial body e. initial body, elementary body, morula

d. chlamydias

Which of the following microorganisms have been referred to as energy parasites? a. rickettsias b. vibrios c. Borrelia d. chlamydias e. spirochetes

a. reticulate bodies; dormant infectious stage

Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED? a. reticulate bodies; dormant infectious stage b. inclusion bodies; RB filled endosomes c. elementary bodies; dormant infectious form d. elementary bodies; small cocci e. reticulate bodies; actively replicate in endosomes

d. It is a large helically coiled bacterium motile by means of endoflagella.

Which of the following statements concerning the causative agent of syphilis is TRUE? a. It is pleomorphic and motile by means of gliding motility. b. It is a large bacillus with peritrichous flagella. c. It is a non-motile comma-shaped bacterium. d. It is a large helically coiled bacterium motile by means of endoflagella. e. It is an intracellular parasite.

b. It usually causes a spotted rash similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Which of the following statements regarding Ehrlichia is FALSE? a. It is an emerging infectious disease. b. It usually causes a spotted rash similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever. c. It has three stages: elementary body, initial body, and morula. d. The organism reproduces inside the host's phagosomes. e. It is transmitted by ticks.

b. It is most often a disease of adults who suffer from sexually transmitted chlamydia.

Which of the following statements regarding trachoma is FALSE? a. It first infects the conjunctiva and kills cells there. b. It is most often a disease of adults who suffer from sexually transmitted chlamydia. c. It leads to corneal scarring. d. Infants may contract the disease while passing through an infected birth canal. e. It is the leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in humans.

d. One end of the bacterium looks like a question mark.

How can Leptospira interrogans be distinguished from other spirochetes? a. It can be found in multiple locations in the body. b. It stains purple with the Gram stain. c. It cannot be cultured on laboratory media. d. One end of the bacterium looks like a question mark. e. It is highly motile.

e. Helicobacter pylori

Infection with ________ may result in peptic ulcers and stomach cancer. a. Borrelia recurrentis b. Vibrio parahaemolyticus c. Rickettsia rickettsii d. Campylobacter jejuni e. Helicobacter pylori

e. Anaplasma phagocytophilium

Infection with ________ produces symptoms similar to RMSF, except for the rash, making it difficult to diagnose. a. Treponema carateum b. Chlamydia trachomatis c. Chlamydophila psittaci d. Vibrio vulnificus e. Anaplasma phagocytophilium

d. Chlamydophila psittaci

Ornithosis, caused by ________, is usually a pneumonia-like disease but can sometimes lead to hepatitis or endocarditis. a. Chlamydia trachomatis b. Rickettsia prowazekii c. Chlamydophila pneumoniae d. Chlamydophila psittaci e. Orientia tsutsugamushi

a. Ehrlichia chaffeensis

People living in the northeastern United States are more at risk for exposure to which of the following rickettsias? a. Ehrlichia chaffeensis b. Orientia tsutsugamushi c. Rickettsia rickettsii d. Rickettsia typhi e. Rickettsia prowazekii

c. R prowazekii; louse

Which of the following is the correct pairing of rickettsial pathogen and vector? a. R. rickettsia; flea b. R. typhi; mite c. R prowazekii; louse d. R rickettsia; louse e. R typhi; tick

b. Chlamydophila psittaci

People who handle birds infected with ________ may develop pneumonia-like disease. a. Ehrlichia chaffeensis b. Chlamydophila psittaci c. Chlamydia trachomatis d. Orientia tsutsugamushi e. Chlamydophila pneumonia

d. Rickettsia prowazekii.

Epidemic typhus, spread by lice, is caused by a. Chlamydophila psittaci. b. Ehrlichia caffeensis. c. Chlamydophila pneumonia. d. Rickettsia prowazekii. e. Rickettsia typhi.

e. both through sexual intercourse and from an infected mother to her unborn child

Treponema pallidum can be transmitted a. through sexual intercourse. b. from an infected mother to her unborn child. c. by contact with infected fomites. d. both by contact with infected fomites and through sexual intercourse. e. both through sexual intercourse and from an infected mother to her unborn child

b. Both have O polysaccharide antigens.

What characteristic does Vibrio share with Salmonella? a. Both are oxidase positive. b. Both have O polysaccharide antigens. c. Both have similar shape. d. Both are spread primarily by fecal contamination. e. Both have polar flagella.

c. It is a Gram-negative bacterium that lacks an LPS layer.

What characteristic of Borrelia burgdorferi makes it an unusual bacterium? a. it causes damage to multiple organ systems. b. transovarian transmission of the pathogen is rare. c. It is a Gram-negative bacterium that lacks an LPS layer. d. it is a spirochete that is motile. e. It is transmitted by an arthropod vector.

e. monocytes

What type of cell does Ehrlichia chaffeensis infect in humans? a. capillary endothelial cells b. B lymphocytes c. eosinophils d. neutrophils e. monocytes

c. Campylobacter jejuni

Which of the following bacteria is responsible for the most common bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States, usually accompanied by frequent, bloody diarrhea? a. Borrelia recurrentis b. Chlamydophila pneumoniae c. Campylobacter jejuni d. Vibrio cholerae e. Vibrio vulnificus

a. Treponema carateum

Which of the following causes pinta, a skin disease primarily of children, in which spirochetes are detectable in specimens from the lesions? a. Treponema carateum b. Leptospira interrogans c. Treponema pallidum pertenue d. Borrelia recurrentis e. Treponema pallidum pallidum

b. anaplasmosis

Which of the following diseases is considered an emerging disease because it was unknown before 1987 a. murine typhus b. anaplasmosis c. Rocky Mountain spotted fever d. lymphogranuloma venereum e. Brill-Zinsser disease

a. they are able to penetrate a host's tissues.

Which of the following is TRUE of spirochetes? a. they are able to penetrate a host's tissues. b. they are peritrichous. c. they are Gram-positive. d. they are obligate intracellular organisms. e. they are pleomorphic.

a. leptospirosis

Which of the following is a zoonosis caused by a spirochete? a. leptospirosis b. syphilis c. yaws d. pinta e. bejel

d. Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Which of the following is an intracellular parasite of humans that usually causes a mild pneumonia? a. Chlamydophila psittaci b. Ehrlichia chaffeensis c. Anaplasma phagocytophilium d. Chlamydophila pneumoniae e. Rickettsia typhi

e. Chlamydia trachomatis

Which of the following is the cause of the STD known as lymphogranuloma venereum? a. Haemophilus ducreyi b. Chlamydophila psittaci c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae d. Treponema pallidum e. Chlamydia trachomatis