Midterm Review

The commerce clause of the Constitution has been viewed as a way for (A) Congress to exercise authority over State matters (B) the president to exercise Greater Community to commit troops abroad (C) the states to exercise their reserved powers (D) the Senate to increase its authority to advise and consent the president's appointments

(A) Congress to exercise authority over State matters

Which of the following best describes Madison's argument in this passage? (A) Large republics with multiple groups that have common interests work best to protect minority interests than direct democracies and small republics. (B) When factions cooperate and compromise with each other it is beneficial for the growth of the nation. (C) Smaller states benefit from larger more power factions. Smaller states benefit from few fractions with common interests. (D) Factions corrupt government and should be avoided at all costs.

(A) Large republics with multiple groups that have common interests work best to protect minority interests than direct democracies and small republics.

In what respect does the Constitution address Washington's concern regarding the "spirit of encroachment" expressed in the excerpt? (A) The Constitution distributes power across national institutions. (B) The Constitution provides for equal representation of all citizens in Congress. (C) The Constitution requires a simple majority vote in Congress to overturn a veto. (D) The Constitution requires the Supreme Court to approve all legislation.

(A) The Constitution distributes power across national institutions.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Elite Class Theory and Pluralism? Elite Class Theory vs Pluralism (A) a community's affairs are best handled by a small subset of its members power is distributed among many groups (B) political gridlock often occurs power is a continuous bargaining process between competing groups (C) too many groups are getting too much of what they want a small minority holds the most power (D) consensus is essential to political compromise power is NOT concentrated but shared among variety of groups

(A) a community's affairs are best handled by a small subset of its members power is distributed among many groups

According to the "Federal Pillars" cartoon above, which of the following conclusions is correct. (A) enough states had ratified the Constitution for it to go into effect. (B) New York was needed in order to ratify the federal Constitution. (C) two more states were still needed in order to ratify the Constitution (D) the Constitution was ratified by all 13 states

(A) enough states had ratified the Constitution for it to go into effect.

A unitary system is a way of organizing government so that (A) power is concentrated in state and local governments (B) both national and state levels of government have authority over the same land and people (C) national and state governments have separate powers over different areas and people (D) power is concentrated in a central government

(A) power is concentrated in state and local governments

The title of the cartoon "Rough Sailing Ahead?" best exemplifies (A) the Articles of Confederation had many weaknesses (B) the Articles of Confederation was an improvement over the original Constitution (C) the founders had made many compromises to improve the Articles of Confederation (D) the ratification of the Articles of Confederation was uncertain

(A) the Articles of Confederation had many weaknesses

Which phrase from the Declaration of Independence most clearly reflects the idea that the people are the source of government? (A ". . . that all men are created equal, . . ." (B) ". . . deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed . . ." (C) ". . . all men are . . . endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights . . ." (D) ". . . governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes . . . "

(B) ". . . deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed . . ."

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of constitutional provisions? (Concept Application) Enhance Federal Power Enhance State Power (A) Necessary and proper clause F ourteenth Amendment (B) Commerce clause Tenth Amendment (C) Supremacy clause Seventeenth Amendment (D) Fifth Amendment Article V

(B) Commerce clause Tenth Amendment

Which of the following clauses in the Constitution justifies the doctrine of "implied powers"? (A) Due Process Clause (B) Necessary and Proper Clause (C) Reserved Powers Clause (D) Commerce Clause

(B) Necessary and Proper Clause

Which of these compromises best reflects the balance of power between small and large states with regard to representation in the legislative branch in congress? (A) Three-fifths Compromise (B) The Connecticut Compromise (the Great Compromise) (C) The Electoral College (D) The Commerce and Slave Trade Clause

(B) The Connecticut Compromise (the Great Compromise)

Which of the following Supreme Court cases and constitutional clauses relates to the excerpt above? Supreme Court Case vs Constitutional Clause (A) Gibbons v. Ogden Supremacy Clause (B) US v. Lopez Commerce Clause (C) McCulloch v. Maryland Necessary and Proper Clause (D) Engel v. Vitale Establishment Clause

(B) US v. Lopez Commerce Clause

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Federalist Paper # 10 and Federalist Paper # 51 Federalist Paper # 10 vs Federalist Paper # 51 (A) a powerful federal judiciary providing for a federal system (B) a safeguard against domestic factions furnishing proper checks and balances (C) Alexander Hamilton John Jay (D) separation of powers judicial review

(B) a safeguard against domestic factions furnishing proper checks and balances

The federal system (A) decreases judicial power (B) decentralizes our politics (C) decreases opportunities for political participation (D) centralizes our politics

(B) decentralizes our politics

The ratification of the U.S. Constitution (A) followed the amendment process outlined in Article 5 (B) did not occur until the Bill of Rights was added (C) is defined in Article 1 (D) was eventually a unanimous decision

(B) did not occur until the Bill of Rights was added not to sure

Which of the following constitutional principles is best illustrated by the diagram above? (A) checks and balances (B) federalism (C) separation of power (D) bicameralism

(B) federalism

The legislative process at the national level of government reflects the intent of the framers of the Constitution to create a legislature that would be (A) less powerful than the executive (B) slow and deliberate in the law-making process (C) able to involve as many citizens as possible in the law making process (D) able to ensure that all citizens are equally represented

(B) slow and deliberate in the law-making process

Which of the following cases would contain a similar reference to Fortas' argument about the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment? (A) Marbury v. Madison (1803) (B) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) (C) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) (D) McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

(C) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Not to sure

Which of the following constitutional principles was upheld in the decision seen in the excerpt above? (A) Oversight (B) Checks and balances (C) Federalism (D) Separation of powers

(C) Federalism

Which fundamental political idea is expressed in the passage above? (A) The government should guarantee every citizen economic security. (B) The central government and state governments should have equal power. (C) If the government denies its people certain basic rights, that government can be overthrown. (D) Rulers derive their right to govern from God and are therefore bound to govern in the nation's best interest.

(C) If the government denies its people certain basic rights, that government can be overthrown.

Which of the following best describe how modern-day factions operate in society as defined by Madison in the text provided? (A) Presidential appointments of members of his cabinet (B) Congressional use of staff and resources to fulfill casework (C) Interest groups using the media to go public about issues in order to gain widespread support (D) The sheer size of the bureaucracy causes its function to me somewhat inefficient

(C) Interest groups using the media to go public about issues in order to gain widespread support

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases? (SCOTUS Application) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) United States v. Lopez (1995) (A) Declared an act of Congress unconstitutional Recognized the importance of state sovereignty and local control (B) Decided that Congress had implied powers Ruled that state laws were supreme to national laws (C) Led to an increase in power for the national government Established limits to Congress' power under the commerce clause (D) Decided that a state had the power to tax a national bank Declared the Gun-Free School Zones Act unconstitutional

(C) Led to an increase in power for the national government Established limits to Congress' power under the commerce clause

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the writings? Federalist No. 10 vs Brutus No. 1 A. Limit the damage caused by faction A. The government would be of the people. B. Favor of a large republic against a small republic B. Federal government would possess absolute and uncontrollable power. C. Dispensing powers to the states. C. State legislatures would be made completely irrelevant. D. Delegating authority to elected representatives D. Congress would be limited to lay taxes and duties.

B. Favor of a large republic against a small republic B. Federal government would possess absolute and uncontrollable power.

Which of the following concepts is best illustrated by the image? A. The executive branch of government has the most power, but also has the most checks on it by other branches. B. The principle of checks and balances is confirmed by specific powers of each branch against the other. C. The power of the judicial branch to appoint judges confirms its relative supremacy among the other branches. D. The legislative branch is the most powerful of the three branches of government because of its direct election by citizens.

B. The principle of checks and balances is confirmed by specific powers of each branch against the other.

Which constitutional plan called for a one-house legislature with representation based on equal representation? A) Connecticut B) Maryland C) New Jersey D) Virginia

C) New Jersey

Which of the following statements is an accurate conclusion based on the information in the table above? A) Rhode Island's ratification of the Constitution in 1790 allowed the new government to begin operation. B) Anti-Federalist sentiment was particularly strong in Georgia. C) Rhode Island delegates were skeptical of the representative structure of the new Constitution. D) Massachusetts delegates overwhelmingly supported the ratification of the Constitution.

C) Rhode Island delegates were skeptical of the representative structure of the new Constitution.

Who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence? A) James Madison B) Benjamin Franklin C) Thomas Jefferson D) Robert Livingston

C) Thomas Jefferson

Where Federalist #10 warned of the dangers of factions among the __________, Federalist #51 warned of the dangers of factions among the __________. a. Citizens, government b Federal government, state governments c. Northern states, southern states d. Government, citizens

a. Citizens, government

What is the significance of the data on the graph, and how does the data relate to American government and Politics? (Data Analysis) a. For over fifty years, the federal government has become increasingly involved in state and local governmental affairs. b. The federal government has forced the states to devote a larger share of their budgets to health and income security. c. Federal spending on items such as defense and border security has decreased since 1960. d. The federal government is no longer subject to the checks and balances that were established in the original Constitution.

a. For over fifty years, the federal government has become increasingly involved in state and local governmental affairs.

Which of the following criticisms of the Electoral College is emphasized in the cartoon above? (Source Analysis) a. States that are not considered to be safe for either the Democratic or Republican party are given more attention by both the candidates and the media. b. Candidates can win the popular vote yet still lose the presidential election thus jeopardizing popular sovereignty. c. States that are more heavily populated always get the most attention by the candidates and the media. d. Smaller states are given a disproportionate number of electoral college votes.

a. States that are not considered to be safe for either the Democratic or Republican party are given more attention by both the candidates and the media.

The following excerpt from the majority decision in McCulloch v Maryland pertains to which clause in the Constitution? a. Supremacy Clause b. First Amendment Establishment Clause c. Necessary and Proper Clause d. 14 th Amendment Equal Protection Clause

a. Supremacy Clause

The purpose of the 9th and 10th Amendment is to define a. rights that people have that are not listed in the Constitution, and the establishment and division of power between the national government and state governments. b. the enumerated powers listed in the Constitution, and the authority of the United States government as the supreme law of the land. c. every natural right of human beings that needed protection, and the concept of checks and balances d.certain powers delegated to the state and local governments that were specifically spelled out in the Constitution, and said everything else is left up to the national government.

a. rights that people have that are not listed in the Constitution, and the establishment and division of power between the national government and state governments.

Who were the primary authors of The Federalist Papers? a. Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Richard Henry Lee b. James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton c. James Madison, Patrick Henry, Alexander Hamilton d. Thomas Jefferson, Coach Krieger, Bill Murray

b. James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton

Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton's argument? (Concept Analysis) a. Even though civil liberties are protected by a bill of rights, there are some reasonable exceptions. b. Listing rights will lead some to assume that government may regulate those rights. c. Freedom of the press is essential for a functioning democracy. d. A bill of rights is necessary to protect civil liberties such as freedom of the press.

b. Listing rights will lead some to assume that government may regulate those rights.

Which of the following sets of Supreme Court cases best illustrates how views of federalism have shifted in the United States? a. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Baker v. Carr (1962) b. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) United States v. lopez (1995) c. Roe v. Wade (1973) Mcdonald v. Chicago (2010) d. Schenck v. United States (1919) New York Times v. United States (1971)

b. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) United States v. lopez (1995)

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon? (Source Analysis) a. The Great Compromise was necessary to directly address the key weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. b. The Articles of Confederation's promotion of state sovereignty would make it difficult to accomplish substantive national goals. c. The Constitution needed to replace the confederation with a unitary system of government. d. The Albany Plan of Union would be reconsidered.

b. The Articles of Confederation's promotion of state sovereignty would make it difficult to accomplish substantive national goals.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the House of Representatives and the Senate. (Concept Application) House of Representatives Senate (A) Only the Speaker of the House can initiate the legislative process by proposing bills Only the majority leader can initiate the legislative process by proposing bills (B) Members can delay the policy-making process by invoking cloture Members can delay the policy-making process through the use of a filibuster (C) Members are elected by constituents in a local district based on population Members are elected by constituents of an entire state (D) Members serve six-year terms Members serve two-year terms

(C) Members are elected by constituents in a local district based on population Members are elected by constituents of an entire state

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the United States Constitution as originally enacted and as amended? Constitution as originally enacted vs Constitution as amended (A) Revenue bills could have been originated in either the House or Senate Revenue bills must be originated in the House (B) There was no enumerated right of privacy There is an enumerated right of privacy (C) Senators were selected by State legislatures Senators are directly elected (D) States had no power to impose tariffs on imported goods States may impose tariffs on imported goods

(C) Senators were selected by State legislatures Senators are directly elected

Of the following, American federalism is most greatly exemplified by the (A) system of checks and balances among the three branches of the national government (B) process by which International treaties were completed (C) Tenth Amendment to the Constitution (D) President's power to grant reprieves and pardons

(C) Tenth Amendment to the Constitution

Of the following, American federalism is most greatly exemplified by the (A) system of checks and balances among the three branches of the national government (B) process by which International treaties were completed (C) Tenth Amendment to the Constitution (D) President's power to grant reprieves and pardons

(C) Tenth Amendment to the Constitution

Which statement is true about the Articles of Confederation? (A) America was ruled very well under the Articles of Confederation. (B) The Articles of Confederation called for a strong central government. (C) The Articles of Confederation did not work well in governing the new nation and a new form of government was needed. (D) Most people did not want to see the Articles of Confederation work.

(C) The Articles of Confederation did not work well in governing the new nation and a new form of government was needed.

Which of the following statements best summarizes Fortas' argument? (A) Upholding order within a school takes precedence over protecting civil liberties. (B) Saluting the flag is an essential for educating the young for citizenship. (C) The Supreme Court has held over time that teachers and students have constitutional rights within the school building. (D) Boards of Education have the discretion to limit the freedom of expression within the school environment because schools are an environment with special characteristics.

(C) The Supreme Court has held over time that teachers and students have constitutional rights within the school building. Not to sure

The practical effect of the clause above has been to (A) make the legislature the most powerful branch of the national government (B) state governments to nullify federal laws within their borders (C) allow the national government to extend its powers beyond those enumerated in the Constitution (D) ensure that any powers not delegated by the Constitution of the United States government are reserved to the states and the people

(C) allow the national government to extend its powers beyond those enumerated in the Constitution

A marriage license issued in one state is valid and honored in all states under the Constitutional provision of (A) privileges and immunities (B) separation of powers (C) full faith and credit (D) national supremacy

(C) full faith and credit

Which of the following is a power shared by both the national government and the states? (A) running elections (B) regulating interstate commerce (C) providing for the public welfare of the citizenry (D) maintaining schools

(C) providing for the public welfare of the citizenry

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Federalist and Anti-Federalist views on government?(Source Analysis) Federalist Anti-Federalist (A) Favored a weak central government and strong state governments Favored a strong central government and weak state governments (B) Believed the creation of a bill of rights was necessary Believed the creation of a bill of rights was not necessary (C) Favored the legislative branch having more power than the executive Favored increasing the power of the national judiciary over the states (D) Believed a large republic ensured the best protection of individual freedoms Believed only a small republic could best ensure protection of individual freedoms

(D) Believed a large republic ensured the best protection of individual freedoms Believed only a small republic could best ensure protection of individual freedoms

Which of the following clauses had generally been used to increase the federal government's power at the expense of states' power? (A) Due Process Clause (B) Establishment Clause (C) Reserved Powers Clause (D) Commerce Clause

(D) Commerce Clause

Which of the following constitutional principles best explains why there is variation among states on the use of capital punishment? (A) Separation of powers (B) Judicial review (C) Checks and balances (D) Federalism

(D) Federalism

Which of the following comparisons best illustrate the constitutional answer or response to a weakness of the Articles of Confederation? weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation vs How the weaknesses of the Articles were addressed in the Constitution (A) 9 out of 13 states were needed to pass legislation The Great (Connecticut) Compromise (B) No national currency Bills concerning revenue originate in the House of Representatives (C) Unanimous consent needed to amend the Articles The three-fifths compromise (D) No control of interstate trade The Commerce Clause

(D) No control of interstate trade The Commerce Clause

Which of the following is an example of how separation of powers creates friction between the executive and legislative branches in the policy-making process? (A) The electoral college vote ends with no candidate receiving a majority of the votes, and the House of Representatives is delegated the task of selecting the next president. (B) The Senate votes to impeach a sitting president for high crimes and misdemeanors. (C) The secretary of state is dispatched along with a delegation of senators to negotiate a treaty with a foreign government. (D) The president threatens to issue an executive order for stricter gun control if Congress continues to refuse to take action.

(D) The president threatens to issue an executive order for stricter gun control if Congress continues to refuse to take action.

In the 1780s, proponents of the new Constitution cited Shays' Rebellion as an example in support of which of the following criticisms of the national government under the Articles of Confederation? (A) The national government did not provide sufficient protection of individual rights. (B) The lack of a centralized judiciary made enforcement of national laws difficult. (C) States with larger populations were underrepresented in Congress. (D) There was a lack of a national military power to address security concerns.

(D) There was a lack of a national military power to address security concerns.

Based on the text, what Supreme Court case is most likely being referenced? (A) Schenck v. United States (1919) (B) Engel v. Vitale (1962) (C) New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) (D) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent County School District (1969)

(D) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent County School District (1969) Not to sure

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation? Declaration of Independence vs Articles of Confederation (A) supported by Anti-Federalists supported by Federalists (B) James Madison Thomas Jefferson (C) a list of colonial grievances a federal constitution, ratified in 1789 (D) asserts certain natural and legal rights served as the first constitution, with a limited central government

(D) asserts certain natural and legal rights served as the first constitution, with a limited central government

The Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803) asserted the power of the Court to (A) nullify Constitutional Amendments (B) determine its own size and makeup (C) impeach the president (D) check the actions of the other branches through judicial review

(D) check the actions of the other branches through judicial review

As discussed in Fortas' opinion, the process by which the First Amendment, part of the Bill of Rights, has been applied by the states is known as (A) judicial restraint (B) judicial review (C) selective incorporation (D) original intent

(D) original intent Not to sure

Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument in Federalist #10. What does he suggest is the best remedy this problem? A) Factions are inevitable, yet a natural product of a free society that need to be limited. B) Factions will develop within the government, thus curtailing special interests is essential to maintaining a democracy. C) Factions should be stopped by curtailing freedom of speech and freedom of the press. D) Factions will not develop in democracies like the United States because Americans can reasonably see the passions and interests of various social groups.

A) Factions are inevitable, yet a natural product of a free society that need to be limited.

Which of the following statements best explains the meaning of the illustration above? A) The President's belief that he can pardon himself threatens the complex system of checks and balances found in the Constitution. B) The norms of U.S. political culture are becoming increasingly monarchical. C) The President is separating the links between the Judicial and Legislative Branches of government. D) The Constitution inherently favors the powers of the Executive Branch.

A) The President's belief that he can pardon himself threatens the complex system of checks and balances found in the Constitution.

Based on the chart, which of the following arguments would a Federalist make in support of ratification of the Constitution? A) The lack of a federal court system makes legal jurisdiction between states impossible, thus issues like interstate commerce are likely to go unresolved. B) The Articles were a strong form of government because it required all 13 states to amend the document therefore a consensus was needed to make policy changes. C) Taxation should be controlled at the state level. D) Each state should have an equal voice in determining Congressional representation.

A) The lack of a federal court system makes legal jurisdiction between states impossible, thus issues like interstate commerce are likely to go unresolved.

Based on the image which of the following is correct? A. Each of the branches have powers that act as a check on each of the other branches. B. The judicial branch is the weakest branch because it only has one check on the legislature. C. The executive branch is the strongest branch because it has the most checks on the other branches. D. The legislative powers are the most important powers in the image.

A. Each of the branches have powers that act as a check on each of the other branches.

Which of the following constitutional provisions limits the power of the national government in Hamilton's Argument? (Concept Analysis) a. Enumerated powers in Article I b. Faithful execution of the laws in Article II c. Judicial review in Article III d. Supremacy Clause in Article VI

A. Enumerated powers in Article I

Recently, the court ruled in South Dakota v. Wayfair, INC, eta. that internet retailers can be required to collect sales taxes in states where they have no physical presence. In his dissent, Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. said that Congress should have been left to address the matter. What court case precedent would most closely associate with this case? A. McCulloch v. Maryland B. United States v. Lopez C. Marbury v. Madison D. Shaw v. Reno

A. McCulloch v. Maryland

McCulloch v Maryland required the Supreme Court to analyze which two parts of the Constitution? A. Supremacy Clause, Necessary and Proper Clause B. Supremacy Clause, 14 th Amendment Due Process Clause C. 14 th Amendment Citizenship Clause, Necessary and Proper Clause D. 14 th Amendment Due Process Clause, 1 st Amendment Establishment Clause

A. Supremacy Clause, Necessary and Proper Clause

Based on the chart and your knowledge of the Constitutional Convention, how was the matter of congressional representation resolved? A) Delegates decided that The Senate is meant to reflect the population totals of each state. While the House consists of two members from each state. B) Delegates decided to compromise by adopting a bicameral legislature with each state receiving two Senators and the House reflecting the population totals of each state. C) Delegates did not address the matter of congressional representation. D) Delegates allowed for redistricting every five years to ensure each state had fair representation.

B) Delegates decided to compromise by adopting a bicameral legislature with each state receiving two Senators and the House reflecting the population totals of each state.

Based on the graph, what conclusions can you draw from the data? A. The balance of power has shifted to the national government because of such cases as McCulloch v. Maryland. B. States have benefitted from the Federal government because of provisions found in the 10 th Amendment. C. States have been able to meet societal changes through grants, aid programs and mandates. D. The Federal government can influence states spending practices through the supremacy clause.

C. States have been able to meet societal changes through grants, aid programs and mandates.

Which of the following pair of statements accurately identifies an illustration of the system of checks and balances included in the Constitution? (Concept Application) A. Congress passes a bill The President rejects the bill via a writ of certiorari B. The President creates an executive order Congress declares the executive order unconstitutional C. The President nominates a Supreme Court justice The Senate rejects the nomination D. The Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional The President creates a constitutional amendment

C. The President nominates a Supreme Court justice The Senate rejects the nomination

Based on the graph above, what trends can you identify? A. Spending to the states increased in every category except during the recession. B. Spending increased because of the change of party power in Congress. C. The contract category was the only area to decrease in spending. D. Spending has increased because of the aging of the population.

C. The contract category was the only area to decrease in spending.

Based on this image, what was one result of the foreclosures imposed by Massachusetts state courts? A) The Committee of Correspondence B) The nation moved away from agriculture and became more industrial. C) Farmers moved westward to enjoy the available land there. D) A violent farmer uprising under the direction of Daniel Shays.

D) A violent farmer uprising under the direction of Daniel Shays.

Shays's Rebellion contributed to calls for a stronger national government because A) the Massachusetts state militia was stronger than the United States army. B) farmers in other states assisted those affected by the foreclosures C) foreigners supported Shays's Rebellion and sent supplies to help the farmers. D) it indicated that the state and national governments were weak.

D) it indicated that the state and national governments were weak.

Which of the following best reflects the concept of checks and balances as intended in the Constitution of the United States: A. The president makes a treaty with a foreign country that binds the United States to military involvement on the basis of his own diplomatic and military authority. B. The president in a signing statement refuses to enforce the law passed by Congress. C. The president decides not to spend monies allocated by Congress to enhance the military. D. The Supreme Court rules a congressional law to be unconstitutional.

D. The Supreme Court rules a congressional law to be unconstitutional.

Which of the following best demonstrates the Supremacy Clause: A. California sets up medicinal marijuana clinics in defiance of federal laws. B. Nevada permits prostitution in rural counties contrary to national statutes. C. Arizona police "profile" and pull over Hispanic motorists in defiance of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. D.Maryland is forced to cease taxation on a federal bank after a Supreme Court ruling.

D.Maryland is forced to cease taxation on a federal bank after a Supreme Court ruling.

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Supreme Court's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland? (SCOTUS Application) a. The Court ruled that states have authority over commercial activity within their borders, weakening national power. b. The Court ruled that the necessary and proper clause allows the national government to create banks, strengthening national power. c. The Court upheld a division of power between the states and the national government by allowing states to tax national banks within their borders. d. The Court ruled that creating a national bank fell within the national government's enumerated powers, confirming national power.

b. The Court ruled that the necessary and proper clause allows the national government to create banks, strengthening national power.

Which of the following statements best describes the author's perspective and reasoning? (Source Analysis) a. The U.S. Constitution should be ratified because a unitary government is preferable to the Articles of Confederation. b. The powers that the Constitution would grant to the national government will not intrude upon the power of the state governments. c. The supremacy clause will subordinate state governments to the federal sphere. d. Lawful government can and should make any laws it deems necessary and proper for effectuating a peaceful society.

b. The powers that the Constitution would grant to the national government will not intrude upon the power of the state governments.

10. Federal nutrition guidelines require public schools to serve healthy lunches to students and limit the amount of "junk food" available in vending machines. A state seeking to challenge these nutrition rules should cite which of the following cases? (SCOTUS Application) a. McCulloch v. Maryland b. United States v. Lopez c. Gibbons v. Ogden d. Obergefell v. Hodges

b. United States v. Lopez

Dual sovereignty can best be described as a system of government that a. separates the legislative branch from the executive branch, yet gives each equal authority. b. divides governing authority between two levels of government. c. checks a bicameral legislature through executive veto power. d. prevents conflicts of interest by investing in a judiciary that decides which branch of government is sovereign on what particular issue.

b. divides governing authority between two levels of government.

The legislative process at the national level of government reflects the intent of the framers of the Constitution to create a legislature that would be (Concept Application) a. less powerful than the executive b. slow and deliberate in the law-making process c. able to involve as many citizens as possible in the law-making process d. able to ensure that all citizens are equally represented

b. slow and deliberate in the law-making process

Shay's Rebellion was significant in that it a. convinced state governments of the need to form compacts with foreign governments. b. mobilized the president to act as commander-in-chief in order to put down the rebellion. c. demonstrated the need for a strong central government to respond to national emergencies. d. symbolized the need for a strong confederal government to address local tensions.

c. demonstrated the need for a strong central government to respond to national emergencies.

Which of the following scenarios would be considered an unconstitutional use of state power? (Concept Application) a. A state passes a law that increases the pay of state legislators. b. A state enacts a law prohibiting smoking in all public places. c. A state places a tax on furniture made overseas. d. A state raises the drinking age to 25 years of age.

c. A state places a tax on furniture made overseas.

Which constitutional concept is best reflected in the passage? (Source Analysis) a. Cooperative federalism b. Constitutional supremacy c. Dual federalism d. Separation of powers

c. Dual federalism

Which of the following best is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon? (Source Analysis) a. State governments have used the Tenth Amendment to override the federal government's mandates. b. State governments are unwilling to share their budgetary surpluses with other states. c. State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent. d. The fiscal irresponsibility of the state governments has led to increased federal regulation on their budgetary priorities.

c. State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent.

Which of the following statements best describes the viewpoint expressed in the political cartoon?(Concept Application) a. States should have the authority to make policy over moral issues, such as abortion and gay marriage. b. The Supreme Court makes controversial decisions. c. Supreme Court decisions do not resolve long-standing disagreements over social policy issues. d. The Supreme Court should not make decisions involving the division of power between the national government and the states.

c. Supreme Court decisions do not resolve long-standing disagreements over social policy issues.

Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with? (Concept Analysis) a. The United States Constitution explicitly prohibits the government from restricting the press. b. The amendment process would create confusion about the meaning of the United States Constitution. c. The Bill of Rights could potentially be used to limit civil liberties. d. The media ought to be held accountable for publishing untrue information about public figures.

c. The Bill of Rights could potentially be used to limit civil liberties.

Which inference is most clearly drawn from the graph? (Data Analysis) a. More federal grant money goes to "Other" than to all specifically identified categories combined. b. During the period 2000-2010, "Transportation" funding grew by a greater percentage than "Income security" funding. c. The category receiving the largest federal funding has shifted over time from "Education, training, employment, and social services" in 1975 to "Health" in 2011. d. The same amount of funding has been allocated to "Community and regional development" each year since 1978.

c. The category receiving the largest federal funding has shifted over time from "Education, training, employment, and social services" in 1975 to "Health" in 2011.

During the Civil War, President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus and detained thousands of citizens who protested the war. Which of the following statements best illustrates this scenario? (Concept Application) a. When the public does not support the rights of others, those rights tend to no longer be applied. b. There is nothing in the Constitution that guarantees the right to a fair trial. c. There is a tension between civil liberties and public order. d. Freedom of speech is an absolute right

c. There is a tension between civil liberties and public order.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the author's argument in this passage? (Source Analysis) a. Equality is not an important outcome in society. b. There should be more emphasis on governmental action to achieve equality. c. Undermining freedom will extinguish both freedom and equality. d. Individual freedom and equality are not compatible values.

c. Undermining freedom will extinguish both freedom and equality.

Which of the following is the correct pairing of powers found in the Articles of Confederation and powers found in the Constitution? a. Proctection of Individual liberties No protection of specific Individual rights b. Powerful executive branch Federal governnment supreme over states c. Unicameral Legislature Bicameral Legislature d. Amendment requires Inanimity of all states Amendment require the president's approval

c. Unicameral Legislature Bicameral Legislature

Which of the following policies would the states most likely prefer according to the political cartoon? a. federal mandates b. regulatory preemption c. block grants d. categorical grants

c. block grants

Which of the following governmental policies would the author most likely support? (Data Analysis) a. Restricting individuals from carrying guns in public b. Requiring individuals traveling in cars to wear seat belts c. Establishing minimum age requirements to access adult social media sites d. Allowing individuals to purchase marijuana for recreational use

d. Allowing individuals to purchase marijuana for recreational use

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Federalist and Anti-Federalist views on government? a. Facored a weak central government and strong state governements Favored a strong central government and weak state governments b. Believed the creation of a bill of rights was necessary Believed the creation of a bill of rights was not necessary c. Favored the legislative and branch having more power than the the executive Favored increasing the power of the national judiciary over the states d. Believed a large republic ensured the best protection of individual freedom Believed only a small republic could best ensure protection of ndividual freedom

d. Believed a large republic ensured the best protection of individual freedom Believed only a small republic could best ensure protection of ndividual freedom

Which of the following is a fundamental element of the United States Constitution? (Concept Application) a. Recognition of the centrality of political parties in government b. Direct election of members of the executive branch c. Emphasis on a unitary system of government d. Division of government authority across political institutions

d. Division of government authority across political institutions

Which of the following is true about the Bill of Rights? a. It grants power to the federal government to pass laws protecting individual rights. b.It enumerates the power of state governments to pass laws protecting individual rights. c. It limits the power of state governments. d. It limits the power of the federal government.

d. It limits the power of the federal government.

Which of the following pair of statements correctly describes both federal and unitary systems? (Concept Application) Federal vs. Unitary a. Powers of the states are expressly defined in the Constitution. The vague language of the Constitution limits the power of the national government. b. Most of the power is given to the state governments. The national government shares power with state governments. c. The national government has most of the power. The national government has all of the power, and there are no state governments. d. Power is constitutionally shared between the national and state governments. The national government may grant certain powers to the states.

d. Power is constitutionally shared between the national and state governments. The national government may grant certain powers to the states.

In 1993, Congress enacted the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, mandating that anyone seeking to buy a firearm must first undergo a federal background check. One provision in that act required state law enforcement officials to conduct those background checks. In Printz v. United States (1997), the Supreme Court declared that portion of the act to be unconstitutional, reasoning, "The Federal Government may not compel the States to enact or administer a federal regulatory program." Which constitutional provision most logically and directly supports the Court's conclusion in the quoted language? (SCOTUS Application) a. Supremacy clause b. Necessary and proper clause c. Second Amendment d. Tenth Amendment

d. Tenth Amendment

Which of the following statements best describes the viewpoint conveyed in the quotation? a. The federal government's authority under the commerce clause applies to interstate and commercial activity. b. The commerce clause allows the federal government to regulate commercial activity c. The Tenth Amendment established a federal system of government where powers are reserved to the states. d. The system of federalism is threatened by the national government's expansion of power under the commerce clause.

d. The system of federalism is threatened by the national government's expansion of power under the commerce clause.