Midterm World Civilization
Which of the following is not considered one of the basic characteristics of civilization? -The development of writing -A new social structure based on family groups -A distinct religious structure -An urban focus -New political and military structures
-A new social structure based on family groups
Persian kings tended to have what relationship with their people? -conquered collaborator who listened to the ideas of many. -One of an all-powerful god. -A first among equals who was elected to his position. -A shepherd who cared for and guided his people. -A secluded and exalted figure who was the source of justice.
-A secluded and exalted figure who was the source of justice.
What is true about Egyptian art? -It was largely functional. -Art was an integral part of the performance of ritual. -Art in temples served a strictly spiritual purpose. -All of these are correct. -Sculptors followed formula and a strict canon of proportions.
-All of these are correct.
What were the duties of a Persian Satrap? -Maintaining justice and security. -All of these. -Commanding military forces in their region. -Tax collection. -Raising forces for the Royal army.
-All of these.
What do Zoroastrianism and Judaism have in common? -A common worship of the god, Yahweh. -The concept of polytheism. -A lack of free will. -Emphasis on good and evil. -Individual judgment of souls after death by Osiris.
-Emphasis on good and evil.
Assyrians did not consider what to be very important? -Gender differences -Military differences -Linguistic differences -Economic differences -Ethnic differences
-Ethnic differences
The following are true about the Jewish concept of monotheism except -the gods of all other peoples were believed to be mere idols. -each person was worthwhile but had to decide between good and evil based upon the morality established by God. -God could be both vengeful and merciful. -an agreement, or covenant, existed between the Hebrew people and Yahweh. -God was transcendent, a part of nature, created rather than the creator.
-God was transcendent, a part of nature, created rather than the creator.
The group that disrupted Egypt and provided the transition to the new Kingdom was the -Maghreb. -Hyksos. -Kush. -Mali. -Phoenicians.
-Hyksos
The Hittites were the first of the Indo-European peoples to make use of what? -Iron to construct stronger and cheaper weapons. -Better ships to conquer sea trade. -Written language to expand communication. -A number of languages assimilated into their own. -A monotheistic religion.
-Iron to construct stronger and cheaper weapons.
Which of the following is not true about cuneiform? -It was used for record keeping. -It was developed by the Sumerians. -It used the Cyrillic alphabet. -It was used to record Mesopotamian literature. -It was used for teaching.
-It used the Cyrillic alphabet.
What special significance does the Phoenician alphabet hold? -It was passed to the Greeks and used to create the Roman alphabet. -Their alphabet serves as the key in the Rosetta stone. -It had less of a spiritual and religious tie than previous alphabets. -They were the first to invent this kind of alphabet. -It is the only ancient alphabet still in use today.
-It was passed to the Greeks and used to create the Roman alphabet.
According to Egyptian tradition, the pharaoh was supposed to rule according to principles, the chief of which was known as -karma -Ma'at -anrita -the Mandate of Heaven. -his Divine status
-Ma'at
How was the relationship between ancient Mesopotamians and their gods and goddesses? -One with a set standard of rules for how people should behave. -A relationship of near equals who could communicate. -One based on insecurity where people could not predict the gods' actions. -One where the gods had little concern or influence over the life of humans. -A stable and predictable coexistence.
-One based on insecurity where people could not predict the gods' actions.
Which of the following is not correct about marriage and family in ancient Egypt? -For women, especially, the penalties for adultery were catastrophic. -Polygamy was the general rule, and monogamy was rare. -Wives of all classes had major responsibilities and commanded respect. -Women had many equal legal rights to men, but had very limited career opportunities. -Many parents and children appear to have had close and loving relationships.
-Polygamy was the general rule, and monogamy was rare.
Who was the last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom? -Ramesses II. -Hatshepsut. -Akhenaten. -Thutmosis III. -Tutankhamun.
-Ramesses II.
The first person to establish a dynastic empire in Mesopotamia was: -Ur-Nammu. -Sargon the Akkadian. -Zardoz. -Utnapishtam the Faraway -Hammurabi.
-Sargon the Akkadian.
Which of the following river valleys were not traditionally considered one of the four areas that gave birth to early civilization? -The Supe River Valley. -The Yellow River -The Indus River Valley -The valley between Tigris and Euphrates -The Nile River Valley
-The Supe River Valley.
Which of the following accurately characterizes ancient Egyptian civilization? -There was a sense of security and a feeling of changelessness. -There were few opportunities for trade. -Its geography made for great political insecurity and the threat of invasion. -It considered religion unimportant as the emphasis was life in the here and now. -There was little continuity because of the Nile's horrific floods.
-There was a sense of security and a feeling of changelessness.
What prevented Jews from being amalgamated into a community like most other peoples of the Middle East were? -They were not considered as skilled as the people around them. -They could not accept outside political rule of any form. -They refused to learn the languages of the people around them. -They could not accept the gods of their conquerors and neighbors. -They did not want to "dilute" their culture.
-They could not accept the gods of their conquerors and neighbors
Which of the following is not correct about the pyramids? -Pyramids were filled with boats, food, weapons, and games. -They were tombs for the pharaohs. -The most magnificent of the pyramids was constructed about 2500 BCE -They were constructed during the Middle Kingdom. -They were symbols of royal power.
-They were constructed during the Middle Kingdom.
What was the major purpose of Sanskrit after it declined as a spoken language? -To be used as the language of bureaucracy and literary expression. -To serve as a base for the languages that developed afterward. -To serve as the main language for religious ritual. -To be spoken by the elites as a form of their status. -To issue edicts of law, particularly religious law.
-To be used as the language of bureaucracy and literary expression.
In the religious changes described by the Upanishads, Brahman meant -the main celestial god honored by fire sacrifices. -the ritual worship maintained by the priestly caste. -a monotheistic presence, later embodied by Vishnu. -the process of reincarnation for not doing one's dharma. -a shadowy ultimate reality with which one's individual spirit would merge.
-a shadowy ultimate reality with which one's individual spirit would merge.
In contrast to the Old Kingdom, the role of the pharaoh in the Middle Kingdom was that of -a warrior-king. -a shepherd, a provider of public projects and assistance. -a sacrificial scapegoat. -an inaccessible god-king. -a symbolic fisherman for his people.
-a shepherd, a provider of public projects and assistance.
The ideas of Zoroastrianism -focused on the idea of two gods who represented good and evil. -according to the Zend Avesta, stated that there was only one god. -are perhaps the best stated exposition of polytheism produced in the ancient world. -influenced Hinduism and Buddhism. -were written down by Zoroaster in the seventh century BCE
-according to the Zend Avesta, stated that there was only one god.
The Epic of Gilgamesh was -an epic poem from Mesopotamia dealing with the search for immortality. -the formal title of the Osiris myth. -a creation myth developed by early Phoenician thinkers. -a code of laws established by the Babylonian ruler, Gilgamesh. -the first Egyptian literary masterpiece.
-an epic poem from Mesopotamia dealing with the search for immortality.
The Indian priestly caste was known as the -vaisya. -pariah. -volcana. -brahmin. -kshatriya.
-brahmin.
The first money system in India probably came into existence from -the occupation of Alexander the Great -the Aryan migration -cowrie shells -the Mauryan government's centralized control of silver mines -coins of gold and copper from the Middle East
-coins of gold and copper from the Middle East
The Phoenicians were notable for all of the following EXCEPT -inventing an alphabet. -conquering the Sea Peoples of Egypt. -having some of the best ships in the Mediterranean -having an extensive trade network -establishing numerous Black Sea colonies.
-conquering the Sea Peoples of Egypt.
The three central aspects of Jewish religious belief were the -Judah, Israel, and the Temple. -covenant, the law, and the prophets. -priests, rabbis, and prophets. -law, the Pharisees, and the rabbinate. -army, the king, and the family.
-covenant, the law, and the prophets.
Cyrus the Great -permanently conquered Greece. -used merciless policies that caused him to be hated by the people he conquered. -established the Ptolemaic Dynasty. -enslaved the Jews. -created a great Persian Empire.
-created a great Persian Empire.
The central aspect of the Neolithic Revolution was the -development of writing. -emergence of systematic food production through the domestication of plants and animals. -construction of the first shelters—animal hide stretched over wood. . -first development of hunter-gatherer cultures. -use of fire and the cooking of food.
-emergence of systematic food production through the domestication of plants and animals.
Paleolithic peoples -engaged in cultural activities, as indicated by surviving cave paintings. -lived in brick structures. -perfected techniques that allowed them to hunt very large dinosaurs successfully. -used bronze for tools and weapons, but not copper. -lacked the use of fire, which significantly slowed their pace of development.
-engaged in cultural activities, as indicated by surviving cave paintings.
The members of the caste known as the untouchables, or pariahs, were -given jobs such as handling dead bodies or collecting trash. -the largest percentage of the population. -composed primarily of priests and financial planners. -so holy that they would be contaminated if touched even by high priests. -given extensive opportunity to achieve social mobility.
-given jobs such as handling dead bodies or collecting trash.
Mummification was practiced in order to prevent the vital force of the physical body from departing. prevent the vital force of the physical body from returning. -help ensure that one could continue to live despite the death of the physical body. assure against the return of the ka. prevent decomposition during immersion in the Nile or exposure to the sun.
-help ensure that one could continue to live despite the death of the physical body.
During the Paleolithic Age, -hunting and gathering was the way most people supported themselves. -communication was maintained through the use of cuneiform. -humans lived only in the southernmost parts of Africa. -only Egypt had an advanced agricultural economy. -both men and women hunted wild animals.
-hunting and gathering was the way most people supported themselves.
The purpose of the Vedas was to provide -the historical legacy of the Hindu tradition. -hymns and ritual sacrifices for religious ceremonies. -commentaries on the tribal Aryan religious beliefs. -the story of the decline of Harappa. -the unchanging theological dogma of Hinduism.
-hymns and ritual sacrifices for religious ceremonies
The annual flooding of the Nile River -did not require an organized irrigation system. -was a sometimes life-threatening event that often occurred without warning. -left deposits of fertile silt that enabled Egyptian civilization to thrive. -produced many large urban centers that served as havens from its raging waters. -inhibited the evolution of civilization in ancient Egypt.
-left deposits of fertile silt that enabled Egyptian civilization to thrive.
The earliest hominids -used iron tools. -lived in Africa. -evolved 1,000,000 years ago. -existed independently on several different continents. -are known as Homo sapiens.
-lived in Africa.
The majority of Hammurabi's law code deals with -marriage and family. -theft and injury. -public disorder. -religious crimes. -business regulation.
-marriage and family.
Which class in ancient Egyptian society contained the largest number of people? -serfs -artisans -nobles -priests -merchants
-serfs
Which of the following best characterizes the lifestyle of paleolithic people? -larger groups of close to one hundred who pooled efforts to gather as much food as possible -groups of varying sizes who raised livestock but followed vegetation cycles -small bands of less than fifty who established towns and sent hunters to follow animals -small bands of twenty to thirty people who followed animal migration -smaller groups who often clashed with each other for access to resources
-small bands of twenty to thirty people who followed animal migration
The Indo-Europeans -were the descendants of the Mongols and Turks. -originally lived in the western section of the Sahara. -fought long and exhausting wars against the Hittites. -moved to Europe from India and settled permanently in the west. -spoke related languages, among which are Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek.
-spoke related languages, among which are Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek.
The story of Osiris in ancient Egyptian religion served to -permit the people to maintain a sun cult. -strengthen the belief that immortality could be achieved. -provide a method for designing and constructing the pyramids. -weaken popular belief in the pharaoh's divinity. -give Egyptians a morality to follow.
-strengthen the belief that immortality could be achieved.
One of the basic distinguishing features of the human species was -domestication of animals -the ability to make tools -walking upright -opposable thumbs -an omnivorous diet
-the ability to make tools
Egyptian hieroglyphs -employed the use of an alphabet. -were borrowed from the practices of the Phoenicians. -were fully developed during later dynasties. -were written only on a paper made from papyrus reed and oak bark. -used sacred characters as picture signs.
-used sacred characters as picture signs.
The third-ranked caste, usually viewed as the merchant caste, was the -kshatriya. -brahmins. -vaisya. -sudras. -pariah.
-vaisya
Mesopotamian civilization -was the only early civilization with no cities. -was the birthplace of democracy. -developed during the Paleolithic Era. -was made up of independent cities and located in a river valley. -was located between the Nile and the Niger rivers.
-was made up of independent cities and located in a river valley.
The Assyrian Empire -was skilled at waging both conventional and guerrilla warfare. -was the greatest trading center of the ancient world. -briefly occupied southern Greece. -expanded northward from its original homeland to the Baltic Sea by 700 BCE -developed in the central desert region of the Arabian peninsula.
-was skilled at waging both conventional and guerrilla warfare.
In the mid _______ century, the Ancient Pueblo peoples moved north to Mesa Verde. 2nd 5th 8th 10th 12th
10th
When was the Inka takeover in central Andes? 1000 CE 3200 BCE 1400s 1200s 500 CE
1400s
The first organized societies in the Andes happened when? 2200 BCE 3500 BCE 1600 BCE 900 BCE 200 BCE
3500 BCE
The Qin dynasty developed what kind of political structure? A decentralized state with administrators who inherited their positions. A highly developed bureaucracy with numerous ministries. A decentralized state with many different provinces. A centralized state that relied on the general goodness of its people. A centralized state with a bureaucracy divided into three primary ministries.
A centralized state with a bureaucracy divided into three primary ministries.
Which of the following is not a reason for the weakening and collapse of the Han dynasty? Conflict with the Xiongnu beyond the Great Wall. A lack of and variety of crops for the people. Weak rulers who were dominated by court insiders. Powerful landed families who seized more control. Frivolous and depraved rules who failed to address needs of the kingdom.
A lack of and variety of crops for the people.
Which of the following is not considered one of the basic characteristics of civilization? An urban focus A distinct religious structure New political and military structures A new social structure based on family groups The development of writing
A new social structure based on family groups
Why did the philosophical forms of Confucianism and Daoism not provide much significance to the majority of the Chinese population? Many people could not read and so could not appreciate the philosophies. They were not intended to provide significance to anyone, merely food for thought. A philosophical debate over the meaning of life was not that important to them. They were both more egalitarian and relatable as religions instead of philosophies. Both outwardly contradicted most popular beliefs and so were rejected.
A philosophical debate over the meaning of life was not that important to them.
Persian kings tended to have what relationship with their people? One of an all-powerful god. A shepherd who cared for and guided his people. A secluded and exalted figure who was the source of justice. A first among equals who was elected to his position. conquered collaborator who listened to the ideas of many.
A secluded and exalted figure who was the source of justice.
Legalism believed that who or what was the best way to solve society's problems and maintain social order? Kings. Philosophical men. A higher being. Royal officials. A system of laws.
A system of laws.
How does karma play a role in the concept of reincarnation? Actions in this life determine one's rebirth in the next life. Gaining enough karma will guarantee a union with the Great World Soul. Treating others well suggests that you were kind in a past life. It is the philosophy that justifies the basis for reincarnation. Doing ill in this life means that you will be ill-treated in the next life.
Actions in this life determine one's rebirth in the next life.
How does karma play a role in the concept of reincarnation? It is the philosophy that justifies the basis for reincarnation. Actions in this life determine one's rebirth in the next life. Treating others well suggests that you were kind in a past life. Doing ill in this life means that you will be ill-treated in the next life. Gaining enough karma will guarantee a union with the Great World Soul.
Actions in this life determine one's rebirth in the next life.
Which of the following was a key reason for the effectiveness of the Hellenization of non-Greek societies in North Africa, West and Central Asia, and southeastern Europe? Alexander the Great and his Macedonian successors permitting indigenous political authorities to organize and self-govern the Hellenized cities and colonies established in these different Hellenized regions of the world. Alexander the Great's establishment of modern Hellenized cities all along his route of conquest. The protracted transition period allowed by Alexander the Great and his Macedonian political and military successors for indigenous, non-Greek cultures to adapt and accept Hellenization. Alexander the Great and his Macedonian successors prohibiting the spread of mystery religions or mystery cults from Egypt and other non-Greek regions from undermining the Hellenization of non-Greek societies.. Dismantling the educational and cultural centers of Alexandria and Pergamum as possible centers of intellectual opposition to the Hellenization of Egypt and Asia Minor.
Alexander the Great's establishment of modern Hellenized cities all along his route of conquest.
Which of the following was a key reason for the effectiveness of the Hellenization of non-Greek societies in North Africa, West and Central Asia, and southeastern Europe? Alexander the Great's establishment of modern Hellenized cities all along his route of conquest. The protracted transition period allowed by Alexander the Great and his Macedonian political and military successors for indigenous, non-Greek cultures to adapt and accept Hellenization. Alexander the Great and his Macedonian successors prohibiting the spread of mystery religions or mystery cults from Egypt and other non-Greek regions from undermining the Hellenization of non-Greek societies.. Dismantling the educational and cultural centers of Alexandria and Pergamum as possible centers of intellectual opposition to the Hellenization of Egypt and Asia Minor. Alexander the Great and his Macedonian successors permitting indigenous political authorities to organize and self-govern the Hellenized cities and colonies established in these different Hellenized regions of the world.
Alexander the Great's establishment of modern Hellenized cities all along his route of conquest.
What was a hardship endured by Indian farmers? Working land they did not own. Facing an unpredictable climate. Experiencing starvation when rains were late. Being subject to a changing market All of the above.
All of the above.
What about Rome's location made its position favorable for growth? It was far enough inland to be safe from pirates. It had access to the sea. It was built on seven hills and so was easily defended. It had a central location in Italy. All of these are correct.
All of these are correct.
Among the mounted nomads who came to dominate much of the southwestern plains of North America after 1500 CE were the Ute and the Mohawk. Apache and Navajo. Cree and Shoshone. Anasazi and Arawak. both b and c
Apache and Navajo.
What was the result of the Third Punic War? Carthage finally saw victory over the Roman army. Carthage and Rome took co-ownership of the Mediterranean. Carthage was destroyed and its territory became a Roman province. Rome subjected Carthage to strict treaties that left it in a weakened position. Rome and Carthage were able to reach a lasting peace.
Carthage was destroyed and its territory became a Roman province.
"If the government seeks to rule by decree, and to maintain order by the use of punishment, the people will seek to evade punishment and have no sense of shame. But if the government leads by virtue and governs through the rules of propriety, the people will feel shame and seek to correct their mistakes." This statement reflects the ideas of Legalism. Confucianism. Zhouism. Doaism. Qin Shi Huangdi.
Confucianism.
Which of the following was not a cause of increased agricultural production in the Zhou period? Fertilizer. Crop rotation. Leaving fallow land to rest. The collar harness. Iron plowshares.
Crop rotation.
Pursuing pleasure rationally, and not only in a physical or hedonistic sense, as the only true good, was a precept of Epicureanism. Zoroastrianism. Stoicism. Hellenism. Euphemism.
Epicureanism.
Sumerian ziggurats performed the same function as Egypt's pyramids. False True
False
Systematic agriculture developed independently in different areas of the world between 3000 and 1500 BCE True False
False
The ancient Egyptians had no word for religion because it was such an insignificant part of their culture. False True
False
What attempted military conquest proved to be a failure for Augustus? Germany Balkan peninsula Central and maritime Alps Gaul Carthage
Germany
What "modern" idea was advanced by Confucius over two thousand years ago? To the victor go the spoils. A virtuous government will sadly but inevitably make its people corrupt. Barbarians must not be accepted but crushed by military power. Political democracy is the only form of government. Government depends on the will of the people.
Government depends on the will of the people.
What "modern" idea was advanced by Confucius over two thousand years ago? To the victor go the spoils. A virtuous government will sadly but inevitably make its people corrupt. Government depends on the will of the people. Barbarians must not be accepted but crushed by military power. Political democracy is the only form of government.
Government depends on the will of the people.
Which of the following was the most significant factor of Chandragupta Maurya's reign? His engagement in long-distance trade with the Roman Empire. His alliance with Alexander the Great. His production of sacred texts including the Upanishads. His adoption of Buddhism and making it the official religion of the kingdom. His centralization of the first dynasty to control much of India.
His centralization of the first dynasty to control much of India.
The legendary king credited with creating the Chinese system of writing was Huang Di. Fu Xi. Shen Nong. Sima Qian. Gaoxi Han.
Huang Di.
Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by the civilizations of the Western Hemisphere with those of the Old World? Long-distance trade Human sacrifice Iron smelting Irrigated agriculture The practice of warfare
Iron smelting
Which of the following is not true of the Olmec culture? Its La Venta pyramid was the largest structure of it type for its era. It created a writing system of some sort. It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico. It produced many stone carvings, tools, and monuments. It did not develop the wheel or have horses.
It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico.
Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the Greek polis? It developed simultaneously with the creation of the new system of Greek military organization. It was composed of a central town or city, and the countryside surrounding it. It played a significant role in unifying all Greeks throughout the entire region under a single government. It was a communal environment of individuals, some who were citizens with rights, others who were citizens without rights, and others who were not citizens. It could vary in size from a few square miles to hundreds of square miles.
It played a significant role in unifying all Greeks throughout the entire region under a single government.
Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the Greek polis? It was composed of a central town or city, and the countryside surrounding it. It was a communal environment of individuals, some who were citizens with rights, others who were citizens without rights, and others who were not citizens. It played a significant role in unifying all Greeks throughout the entire region under a single government. It developed simultaneously with the creation of the new system of Greek military organization. It could vary in size from a few square miles to hundreds of square miles.
It played a significant role in unifying all Greeks throughout the entire region under a single government.
Which of the following correctly describes the Indus Valley society? It showed no similarity to the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Its culture never attained the status of a true civilization. It was much more agricultural than its contemporaries in Egypt and Mesopotamia. It was a collection of over fifteen hundred towns and cities, ruled by landlords and rich merchants. It never developed an urban center of over 3,000 people.
It was a collection of over fifteen hundred towns and cities, ruled by landlords and rich merchants.
Which of the following correctly describes the Indus Valley society? It was a collection of over fifteen hundred towns and cities, ruled by landlords and rich merchants. It never developed an urban center of over 3,000 people. It was much more agricultural than its contemporaries in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Its culture never attained the status of a true civilization. It showed no similarity to the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
It was a collection of over fifteen hundred towns and cities, ruled by landlords and rich merchants.
Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of the Aztec Empire? It was a highly centralized, tightly administered monarchy developed through military conquest. It was a confederation of localities linked by a feudal allegiance system in which a central ruler controlled an empire developed through military conquest. It was a highly centralized maritime society that had evolved from a foundation of intense religious piety. It was followed by the Mayan civilization. Human sacrifice was abolished by Montezuma.
It was a confederation of localities linked by a feudal allegiance system in which a central ruler controlled an empire developed through military conquest.
A major religion that was founded by Mahavira in the sixth century was Daoism. Jainism. Chandrism. Zoroastrianism. Hinduism.
Jainism.
A major religion that was founded by Mahavira in the sixth century was Zoroastrianism. Chandrism. Daoism. Hinduism. Jainism.
Jainism.
Which of the following was not a detrimental factor in the technological development of the peoples of the Western Hemisphere? Lack of large domesticated animals. Geographic diversity. Lack of established trade routes. Lack of indigenous varieties of edible grasses to facilitate the transition from a hunting/gathering society to farming. A difficult topography and environmental diversity.
Lack of established trade routes.
What factor caused the fall of the western Roman Empire? Christianity undermined Roman military values and patriotism. Lead poisoning caused by water pipes resulted in mental decline. Romans failed to advance technologically because of slavery. Traditional Roman values declined as non-Italians gained prominence. There is no one factor that caused the fall of the Roman Empire.
Lead poisoning caused by water pipes resulted in mental decline.
What is the system of calculating time based on a lunar calendar that called for the end of the current cycle of 5,200 years in the year 2012? Luna clock Long count Maya count Mesoamerica clock Calendar counting
Long count
The Chaldean king who rebuilt Babylonia as the center of his empire was -Rameses II. -Marquil VI. -Ashurbanipal I. -Nebuchadnezzar II. -Cyrus.
Nebuchadnezzar II.
The first civilization in Mesoamerica was the Toltec. Olmec. Maya. Aztec. Moche.
Olmec.
Which of the following is true of the Patrician order? Only they could be landowners. Only they could be elected to governmental offices. They determined who had the right of citizenship. Only they could marry plebeians; plebeians could not marrry up. They were exempt from taxes.
Only they could be elected to governmental offices.
Who was the Inka king who began the conquests that led to the creation of their empire? Pizarro Huayna Inca Pachakuti Topa Inca Montezuma
Pachakuti
The key figure in the spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was Peter. Paul of Tarsus. Jesus. Mark. Joseph of Arimethea.
Paul of Tarsus.
The Athenian leader whose funeral oration lauded Athenian democracy was Antigones. Lycurgus. Knossus. Pericles. Cleisthenes.
Pericles.
The Athenian leader whose funeral oration lauded Athenian democracy was Knossus. Pericles. Antigones. Cleisthenes. Lycurgus.
Pericles.
Which of the following statements is not a correct observation of Greek-Macedonian affairs? Alexander ended the Greek rebellion that developed after the assassination of Philip II. Philip II permitted the Greek city-states to control their domestic affairs, but he took over the control of all foreign developments. The rapid spread of Macedonian control under Philip II provoked the Greeks to resist. Greece influenced Macedonia culturally and Macedonian dominated Greece militarily. Philip II's assassination ended all Greek involvement in a Macedonian-led invasion of the Persian Empire.
Philip II's assassination ended all Greek involvement in a Macedonian-led invasion of the Persian Empire.
The first fully unified government in Chinese history was that of the Zhou. Qin. Shang. Mauryans. Han.
Qin.
Which is not considered a factor of decline under the emperors Diocletian and Constantine? Reunification of the Eastern and Western halves of the empire. Making certain professions hereditary. Increasing the military and civil service. Enlargement of private estates at the loss of small farmers. Constantine's adoption of religious toleration.
Reunification of the Eastern and Western halves of the empire.
The Roman and Han dynasties had similar social and economic structures. Which of the following is one way they differed? Roman merchants were more highly regarded and allowed more freedom than Chinese merchants. Roman farmers could typically meet all their needs through the local environment. Chinese imperial authority was far less stable than Roman authority. The Chinese throne depended on pure military force more than dynastic principles. Rome inherited an ideal imperial culture, whereas the Han dynasty built from a small state.
Roman merchants were more highly regarded and allowed more freedom than Chinese merchants.
The language of the Vedas was Sanskrit. Farsi. Hindi. Gujarati. Prakrit.
Sanskrit.
What effect did the sporadic persecution of Christianity in the first and second centuries have on its growth? Caused it to go underground but then its mystery status caused it to grow in popularity Served to temporarily restrict its growth until Constantine issued the Edict of Milan. Essentially had no effect on its growth as the persecution was so sporadic. Served to strengthen it by causing it to become more organized. Led to increased growth as martyrs raised recognition and popularity.
Served to strengthen it by causing it to become more organized.
The founder of Buddhism was Chandragupta Maurya. Siddhartha Gautama. Mahauira Krishna. Ashoka Gupta. Mahavira.
Siddhartha Gautama.
Which of the following prevailed in the outcome of the Peloponnesian War? Sparta and her allies. Athens and her allies. Persia. Macedonia. Lydia.
Sparta and her allies.
If one lived in a way that was harmonious with the natural law, or was submissive to the will of God, then one was living a life of virtue. The preceding statement would be a position advocated by the mystery religions. Hellenists. Stoics. Epicureans. Zoroastrians.
Stoics.
The massive Aztec stone carving in the form of a disc portraying the struggle between the forces of good and evil in the universe is the Disc of Forces. Stone of the Fifth Sun. Temple of Inscriptions. Sun Disc. Parthenonus.
Stone of the Fifth Sun.
The Aztec capital was Tenochtitlán. Huitzilopochtli. Texcoco. Mexica. Zapotec.
Tenochtitlán.
Which of the following is not accurate? All males were liable for military service in the Inka army. The quipu was a system of knotted strings used in the Inka Empire. The Inka required subject peoples to speak Quechua. The Olmecs adopted many aspects of Inka culture. Women could improve their lifestyles by becoming "chosen virgins" in Inka temples.
The Olmecs adopted many aspects of Inka culture.
Which of the following was true about Shang government? The government was ruled by a king so powerful that he needed only a handful of officials to administer all of China. The king had an army of two million soldiers to help him govern. The king typically did not hold much power and was a politically weak figure. The king was viewed as an intermediary between heaven and earth. The local chieftains were responsible for defending the empire.
The king was viewed as an intermediary between heaven and earth.
Which of the following was true about Shang government? The king was viewed as an intermediary between heaven and earth. The king had an army of two million soldiers to help him govern. The government was ruled by a king so powerful that he needed only a handful of officials to administer all of China. The local chieftains were responsible for defending the empire. The king typically did not hold much power and was a politically weak figure.
The king was viewed as an intermediary between heaven and earth.
Which of the following statements is correct about the nature of the Zhou merchant and slave classes? The merchants became the de facto rulers who humanely freed their slaves. The merchants were the property of the local lord and the slaves were probably individuals who had been seized in warfare. The merchants traded only in domestic goods and the slaves worked only on farmland. Merchants were independent operators and slaves were a majority of the population. Under the Zhou, the merchant classes were enslaved by the emperors, making the merchant class the same thing as the slave class.
The merchants were the property of the local lord and the slaves were probably individuals who had been seized in warfare.
The three major forms of architecture in ancient India had which of the following in common? They forbid the representation of people and animals. They are embellished with figures that give them a sense of nature and the vitality of life. They were largely formulaic and followed a set pattern. They reflected the philosophies of Buddhism but not other religions. They were largely developed as secular monuments by kings.
They are embellished with figures that give them a sense of nature and the vitality of life.
How do the Yangzi and Yellow River Valleys play into the development of Chinese civilization? They are the only places in China that allow for ancient people to practice agriculture. They are considered the most learned areas of all of Chinese civilization. They can be considered the core regions in the development of civilization. They serve as the origin of where ancient people learned to grow and harvest rice. They serve as the places where civilizations were able to grow the strongest.
They can be considered the core regions in the development of civilization.
Romans would most like to portray themselves in which of the following ways concerning their imperialism? They were bringing their religious and military ideals to other people. They had carefully planned and organized a way to gain an empire. They declared war for defensive reasons or to protect allies. They were expanding territory for the glory of their country. Expansion was a way for members of wealthy families to find renown.
They declared war for defensive reasons or to protect allies.
Why don't historians know much about the organization of Indus society? They have been unable to decipher the writing system. There is scant archaeological evidence. The organization is so different from other cultures, it has created confusion. There appears to have been little organization in Indus society. Historians have traditionally not studied Indus society until recently.
They have been unable to decipher the writing system.
What was the ideal social unit in Ancient India? A nuclear family unit consisting of parents and their children. A small group of multiple families living together. The families of both a husband and wife living together. An extended family including all cousins and other relatives. Three generations of one family living under the same roof.
Three generations of one family living under the same roof.
What was the ideal social unit in Ancient India? A nuclear family unit consisting of parents and their children. A small group of multiple families living together. Three generations of one family living under the same roof. An extended family including all cousins and other relatives. The families of both a husband and wife living together.
Three generations of one family living under the same roof.
The Romans tying their history back to Aeneas and to Romulus and Remus served what purpose? To showcase their humility. To make a historical account of their beginnings. To separate themselves from the Greeks. To give a history to their military power. To give them a notable ancestry.
To give them a notable ancestry.
The early idea that the universe is divided into two primary forces of good and evil gave humans what role? To reverse the process and so create a new one. To embrace the process and teach others about it. To understand the process in an attempt to reverse it. To have as much an effect on the process as possible. To understand the process rather than influence it.
To understand the process rather than influence it.
The beginnings of civilization in China were delayed by the marauding raids of the Xia. under the political organization of the Qin. the result of a concentrated development of Kunming bureaucratic arrangements. formed by the Shang dynasty's exploitation of the nomads. Traditionally dated to the beginning of the Xia dynasty.
Traditionally dated to the beginning of the Xia dynasty.
The earliest civilizations in the world were largely found in river valleys like Mesopotamia. False True
True
The regularity of the Nile floods helped lend a sense of security to ancient Egyptian civilization and gave it great continuity. False True
True
The major nomadic threat to the Qin came from the Jin. Han. Mongols. Manchus. Xiongnu.
Xiongnu
The Olympic games were held to honor Zeus. Apollo. Aphrodite. Athena. Delphia.
Zeus.
The lengthiest dynasty in Chinese history was the _______ dynasty and lasted for eight hundred years. Qin. Shang. T'ang. Zhou. Han.
Zhou.
The lengthiest dynasty in Chinese history was the _______ dynasty and lasted for eight hundred years. Shang. Qin. Zhou. Han. T'ang.
Zhou.
The term polis describes a province of the Persian Empire. the original name of the city of Troy. the title of a member of the Council of 500. the term for a thirty-man infantry unit. a community of citizens in which political, economic, social, cultural, and religious activities were performed.
a community of citizens in which political, economic, social, cultural, and religious activities were performed.
Aztec society was an egalitarian democracy. a hierarchical dictatorship, with a privileged upper class and a downtrodden majority. primarily involved in the trading of slaves. unique in giving women major political power. a purely theocratic society.
a hierarchical dictatorship, with a privileged upper class and a downtrodden majority. Hey
The development of trade and manufacturing moved China toward what kind of economy? a capitalist production economy a money economy a trade-based economy a modern economy a traditional economy
a money economy
A development during the period of Julio-Claudian rule was that emperors increased the responsibilities that Augustus had given the senate. acted more openly as real rulers than as "first citizens of the state." had fewer opportunities to act in an arbitrary and corrupt way. lost power to the revitalized senate and assemblies. sincerely attempted to restore the Republic
acted more openly as real rulers than as "first citizens of the state."
Under the Aryans, what was the leading economic driver of the economy? development of manufacturing conquering through warfare trade routes slave labor agriculture
agriculture
The Indian term dharma referred to laws setting behavioral standards for which groups in Indian society? bodhis and kshatriyas. rajas and maharajas. the Dao. the untouchables. all inhabitants of India, of all classes.
all inhabitants of India, of all classes.
The Indian term dharma referred to laws setting behavioral standards for which groups in Indian society? the untouchables. the Dao. bodhis and kshatriyas. all inhabitants of India, of all classes. rajas and maharajas.
all inhabitants of India, of all classes.
The "well-field system" was the first major agricultural advance in ancient China. was an animistic belief designed to protect the health of the land. allowed peasants plots cultivated for their own use as well as land cultivated for their lords. was originally developed by Aryan invaders to improve agricultural productivity in western China. was a water-diversion system which insured that every farm had the amount of water it needed.
allowed peasants plots cultivated for their own use as well as land cultivated for their lords.
Who of the following was a citizen with political rights within a polis? a resident alien male. an adult free male. an adult female. a slave. a juvenile male.
an adult free male.
Confucius was a philosopher who followed a Legalist philosophy. assumed that all humans had their own Dao. modeled his ideas closely after Buddhism. was deified by the Chinese government within five years after his death. became a close counselor of a Qin emperor.
assumed that all humans had their own Dao.
Most of the Aztec population belonged to large kinship groups called texcocos. chinampas. calpulli. quipu. jatis.
calpulli.
The purpose of Ashoka's great polished sandstone pillars was to warn aliens to leave India. commemorate events in Buddha's life. provide propaganda for Kautilya's government. mark pilgrim routes to Daoist holy places. celebrate his victories over Alexander the Great.
commemorate events in Buddha's life.
The Phoenicians were notable for all of the following EXCEPT having some of the best ships in the Mediterranean establishing numerous Black Sea colonies. inventing an alphabet. having an extensive trade network conquering the Sea Peoples of Egypt.
conquering the Sea Peoples of Egypt.
The civilization of the Inka constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain. employed a force of highly-paid workers to construct the structures that it produced. offered all women nothing but a life of domestic service restricted to the home. developed an abundant lowland valley community at Machu Picchu. routinely executed all war prisoners its army captured.
constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain.
Two chief executive officers of the Roman Republic were elected annually and were known as consuls. praetors. senators. centuriates. tribunes.
consuls.
According to the Arthasastra, a woman who had been deserted by her husband: was entitled to the return of double her dowry. had no recourse. could never remarry. was immediately freed from all marital commitments. could seek a divorce.
could seek a divorce.
The three central aspects of Jewish religious belief were the priests, rabbis, and prophets. covenant, the law, and the prophets. army, the king, and the family. law, the Pharisees, and the rabbinate. Judah, Israel, and the Temple.
covenant, the law, and the prophets.
In The Republic, Plato prepared a blueprint for democracy. created a utopian, ideal state composed of three social classes. established a theoretical structure for rigid gender distinctions. bitterly attacked the people of Sparta. advocated laissez-faire capitalism.
created a utopian, ideal state composed of three social classes.
For Sophist philosophers, the most important aspect of knowledge was creating the strongest argument through rhetoric. allowing due credit to the gods. pay attention to higher issues of "right" and "wrong." being able to see the ideal form. using analysis to understand the way the universe works.
creating the strongest argument through rhetoric.
The benevolent monarchy described in the Rites of Zhou endured in practice throughout the dynasty's long reign. continued to grow in significance as the dynasty developed. degenerated, in practice, into a fractious arrangement of despotic and exploitive local rulers. reflected the enhancement of the intelligence and morality of the Zhou rulers. in time, developed into a highly centralized structure.
degenerated, in practice, into a fractious arrangement of despotic and exploitive local rulers.
The benevolent monarchy described in the Rites of Zhou in time, developed into a highly centralized structure. continued to grow in significance as the dynasty developed. reflected the enhancement of the intelligence and morality of the Zhou rulers. endured in practice throughout the dynasty's long reign. degenerated, in practice, into a fractious arrangement of despotic and exploitive local rulers.
degenerated, in practice, into a fractious arrangement of despotic and exploitive local rulers.
The Olmec peoples did not do any stone carving, preferring to work in copper and ivory. spoke the Quechuan language. developed their capital at the mountain fortress of Cuzco. developed a system of hieroglyphics. replaced the Maya in Mesoamerica.
developed a system of hieroglyphics.
The legacy of Alexander the Great embraced a major clash and fusion of cultures across a huge area as Greco-Macedonian elite assumed power in highly diverse cultures. included a historic change in world development, as elements of Latin culture immediately spread to the Middle East. was overshadowed by Ptolemy in Macedonia. did not outlast his own lifetime. was entirely cultural in nature.
embraced a major clash and fusion of cultures across a huge area as Greco-Macedonian elite assumed power in highly diverse cultures.
The central aspect of the Neolithic Revolution was the first development of hunter-gatherer cultures. construction of the first shelters—animal hide stretched over wood. . emergence of systematic food production through the domestication of plants and animals. use of fire and the cooking of food. development of writing.
emergence of systematic food production through the domestication of plants and animals.
Socrates was a popular Greek comedic dramatist of 5th century B.C.E. was a merchant prince by trade. employed a question-and-answer method by which students' reasoning helped them to learn. wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War. was a victorious Greek general in the Persian Wars.
employed a question-and-answer method by which students' reasoning helped them to learn.
Socrates was a popular Greek comedic dramatist of 5th century B.C.E. wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War. was a merchant prince by trade. employed a question-and-answer method by which students' reasoning helped them to learn. was a victorious Greek general in the Persian Wars.
employed a question-and-answer method by which students' reasoning helped them to learn.
Anasazi society possibly declined for all of the following reasons except severe drought. increase in internecine warfare. invaders. extensive floods. starvation.
extensive floods.
Probably the most significant explanation for the fall of the Qin dynasty is that the factionalism and resentment created internal weaknesses that undermined the dynasty's survival. natural causes like massive floods caused by the Yellow River. army turned against the attempt of the emperor's wife to seize power. the eunuch system created a new base that resulted in an internal seizure of power. the humanitarian nature of Qin Shi Huangdi's policies produced a vulnerable and weakened empire.
factionalism and resentment created internal weaknesses that undermined the dynasty's survival.
The majority of the Mayan population on the peninsula were artisans. farmers. upper class. military fighters. all of these options.
farmers
The majority of the Mayan population on the peninsula were artisans. farmers. upper class. military fighters. all of these options.
farmers.
The members of the caste known as the untouchables, or pariahs, were so holy that they would be contaminated if touched even by high priests. given extensive opportunity to achieve social mobility. the largest percentage of the population. composed primarily of priests and financial planners. given jobs such as handling dead bodies or collecting trash.
given jobs such as handling dead bodies or collecting trash.
The "good news" concerning Jesus was contained in the written gospels. Old Testament. Sermon on the Mount. Dead Sea scrolls. Analects of John the Baptist.
gospels.
What was typically used to pay taxes, rents, and salaries during the Zhou dynasty? iron cowries jade grain silk
grain
The Roman Senate was a collection of men and women selected from wealthy families. was composed of elected representatives chosen by the slaves. had 300 members who served for life. was led by three tribunes and five praetors. had the responsibility of writing and enacting law.
had 300 members who served for life.
South America was the original home of the Maya. contained societies practicing irrigated farming approximately eleven thousand years ago. has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years. was populated only as recently as 500 CE was colonized from Africa rather than Asia.
has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years.
Daoism was developed as an alternative to Confucianism and became the philosophy of government under the Qin Dynasty. was first established by Mencius. has the Dao De Jing as its primary document. falls in line with the teachings of Legalism. counseled hard work and determined purposefulness for its followers.
has the Dao De Jing as its primary document.
Daoism was developed as an alternative to Confucianism and was first established by Mencius. has the Dao De Jing as its primary document. falls in line with the teachings of Legalism. counseled hard work and determined purposefulness for its followers. became the philosophy of government under the Qin Dynasty.
has the Dao De Jing as its primary document.
Mummification was practiced in order to help ensure that one could continue to live despite the death of the physical body. assure against the return of the ka. prevent the vital force of the physical body from returning. prevent the vital force of the physical body from departing. prevent decomposition during immersion in the Nile or exposure to the sun.
help ensure that one could continue to live despite the death of the physical body.
Thucydides believed that the past held no lessons for understanding the present. that divine mythological beliefs explained the motives for all human affairs. human nature showed no signs of order. historical writing should be subjective and designed to promote divine forces.. perceived the causes of war and political decisions and actions in strictly rational, earthly terms.
historical writing should be subjective and designed to promote divine forces..
Homer's legacy to the Greeks was actually written by a Phoenician trader. an accurate historical record of past Greek events. a foundation of egalitarianism in Greek politics. the first work to use the Cyrillic alphabet. important in inculcating the aristocratic values of courage and honor.
important in inculcating the aristocratic values of courage and honor.
By about 700 B.C.E., the hoplites, Greek citizen-soldiers took advantage of which of the following contemporaneous military innovations: rifles. infantry phalanxes. gunpowder . mercenaries. conscription of all male Greeks living in Greek city-states.
infantry phalanxes.
The decline and fall of Mycenaean Greece, was caused by a famine. volcanic eruptions. invasion of Greek speakers from the north and frequent earthquakes. inability to sustain a population with sufficient agriculture. destruction of trade by Phoenician raiders.
invasion of Greek speakers from the north and frequent earthquakes.
In analyzing Aztec cosmology its description reveals a totally unique approach to religious belief. it is the basic format for all monotheistic practices. it contained a distinct element of fatalism that was inherent in the creation myth. it was copied from that of the Anasazi. the ultimate reality was the destruction of the individual soul.
it contained a distinct element of fatalism that was inherent in the creation myth.
All of the following are true about the jati system except it sometimes offered an opportunity for upward mobility. it was the category of social classification within each of the different castes. it served to categorize large numbers of individual families. it could serve as a stabilizing factor in Indian life. a jati was obliged to provide for its poor and destitute members.
it was the category of social classification within each of the different castes.
The basic social organization of the jati was formed around one's spiritual beliefs occupation caste location kin group
kin group
A primary factor that contributed to the significant role of the family in Chinese life was the highly centralized organization of Qin government. labor-intensive demands of crop cultivation. merit-based structure of Chinese government. density of the population in the Yangtze valley. female-dominated nature of ancient life.
labor-intensive demands of crop cultivation.
Solon's Reforms included all of the following EXCEPT outlawing new loans with humans as collateral none of these cancellation of land debts land redistribution to the poor freeing people under debt slavery
land redistribution to the poor
The earliest hominids existed independently on several different continents. lived in Africa. used iron tools. are known as Homo sapiens. evolved 1,000,000 years ago.
lived in Africa.
One of the most important reasons for the decline of the Zhou Dynasty was its inability to fight off incursions of nomadic attackers. loss of the Mandate of Heaven following extensive flooding, causing famine and death. loss of centralization due to internal rivalries. rise of rival religious clans. fight against a rebellion for control of key commodities like salt.
loss of centralization due to internal rivalries.
The Moche culture was ended by a devastating pandemic of the Black Death. was located in a rain forest. may have been ended by environmental changes. was pacifistic, perhaps the major cause of its long existence. was destroyed by the Aztecs.
may have been ended by environmental changes.
The Zealots were a Jewish sect who established a religious community near the Dead Sea. members of the Roman Emperor's private bodyguard. a Jewish group who favored cooperation with Rome. militant extremists who advocated the violent overthrow of Rome's rule. the special Roman legions whose major function was to defend the empire from barbarians.
militant extremists who advocated the violent overthrow of Rome's rule.
Which of the following best summarizes Aristotle's fears regarding the deterioration of forms of government? tyranny to oligarchy to monarchy. monarchy to anarchy, aristocracy to tyranny, and constitutional government to oligarchy. monarchy to oligarchy, aristocracy to anarchy, and constitutional government to tyranny. aristocracy to democracy, oligarchy to anarchy, and constitutional government to tyranny. monarchy to tyranny, aristocracy to oligarchy, and constitutional government to anarchy.
monarchy to tyranny, aristocracy to oligarchy, and constitutional government to anarchy.
What kind of landmarks dominate China's northern and western frontiers? fertile farmland steppe land farmland and lakes mountains and deserts mountain ranges
mountains and deserts
The earliest Aegean civilization was located in the Peloponnesus. on the island of Delos. in Attica. on Crete. in Macedonia.
on Crete.
Members of the aristocratic governing class in Rome were known as the praetors. Gracchi. Latins. patricians. plebs.
patricians.
Contrary to the philosophy of Legalism, Mencius believed that the government that governs less, governs best. people should not do to others what they would not want done to them. people were inherently good and did not need to be coerced by the government. people were inherently selfish and must be forced to behave and do their duties. one should avoid conflict and wasting energy.
people were inherently good and did not need to be coerced by the government.
Confucian philosophy was most concerned with appeasing Shang Di in accordance with the Mandate of Heaven. explaining the metaphysical world. political and ethical behavior. ritual ceremonies to achieve a balance between Yin and Yang. maintaining order in the universe.
political and ethical behavior.
The collapse of Indus Valley civilization indicates a gradual decline and abandonment of Mohenjo Daro. was due to a volcanic eruption that destroyed and buried the city. probably occurred as a result of natural causes. was due to the onslaught of Aryan invasions. was due to flooding during the monsoon seasons of the subcontintent.
probably occurred as a result of natural causes.
The collapse of Indus Valley civilization was due to the onslaught of Aryan invasions. probably occurred as a result of natural causes. indicates a gradual decline and abandonment of Mohenjo Daro. was due to a volcanic eruption that destroyed and buried the city. was due to flooding during the monsoon seasons of the subcontintent.
probably occurred as a result of natural causes.
The success of Christianity is widely believed by historians to have been due to its promise of salvation, its familiarity, and its universality. complexity of initiation and its ability to satisfy people's desire to be part of a political community. acceptance by Diocletian. strong following among aristocratic Romans after 75 CE. anti-Semitism.
promise of salvation, its familiarity, and its universality.
Which type of political rule formed the basis of early Mycenaean civilization ? warrior oligarchy theocracy democracy centralized monarchy regional monarchy
regional monarchy
Greek colonization brought to an end the hopes of those who were prospering from expanded commercial activities. extended into northern Gaul. ended rule of tyrants who had the support of those opposed to the oligarchic aristocracy. failed to extend into imperial control over Thrace in the Balkan Peninsula and the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. resulted from overpopulation, an increase in trade, and a widening gap between rich and poor.
resulted from overpopulation, an increase in trade, and a widening gap between rich and poor.
Indian scientists considered all of the following to be an element of the earth EXCEPT ether. fire. air. water. spirit.
spirit.
Which of the following was not a Greek influence on the Romans? system of government alphabet agricultural crops of grapes and olives artistic models of sculpture and architecture literature
system of government
How did the nature and purpose of the Delian League change approximately twenty-five years after the alliance's military victory over the Persians in 479 B.C.E.? Sparta joined the Delian League alliance against common rivals such as the Macedonians in Asia Minor. Athens dissolved the Delian League because Athens had established unrivaled and unchallenged geopolitical, military, and economic supremacy throughout city-states of Greece and the Asia Minor region. . the Delian League merged with the Peloponnesian League to form the most powerful political, military, and economic alliance in Europe or Asia Minor. the Delian League became a more egalitarian alliance as Athens shared the revenue generated by the league equally among all Greek city-states in the league. . the Delian League became the political instrument for the imperial domination of the region by Athens until the fateful Peloponnesian War with Sparta and her allies..
the Delian League became the political instrument for the imperial domination of the region by Athens until the fateful Peloponnesian War with Sparta and her allies..
How did the nature and purpose of the Delian League change approximately twenty-five years after the alliance's military victory over the Persians in 479 B.C.E.? the Delian League became a more egalitarian alliance as Athens shared the revenue generated by the league equally among all Greek city-states in the league. . the Delian League became the political instrument for the imperial domination of the region by Athens until the fateful Peloponnesian War with Sparta and her allies.. Athens dissolved the Delian League because Athens had established unrivaled and unchallenged geopolitical, military, and economic supremacy throughout city-states of Greece and the Asia Minor region. . Sparta joined the Delian League alliance against common rivals such as the Macedonians in Asia Minor. the Delian League merged with the Peloponnesian League to form the most powerful political, military, and economic alliance in Europe or Asia Minor.
the Delian League became the political instrument for the imperial domination of the region by Athens until the fateful Peloponnesian War with Sparta and her allies..
Who did Chandragupta Maurya drive out of India before he solidified control? the forces of the Assyrian king. the Akkadian army. the Greek administrators who had remained after Alexander the Great. the army of Tamir the Lame. the army of Ramses IV.
the Greek administrators who had remained after Alexander the Great.
The term "the Dao" in China means intellectual brilliance. the Way. karma. incredible beauty. the How.
the Way.
The Gracchi brothers believed that the underlying cause of Rome's problems was the enrichment of the aristocracy. the decline of the small farmer. the growth of the Roman military. overexpansion of the empire. an inefficient system of taxation.
the decline of the small farmer.
Thematic influences on Greek culture included all of the following except the role of gods and goddesses in influencing the plots of Greek dramas. human dilemmas involving conflicts between the family and religious obligations. the importance of classical myths in influencing human affairs. the dismissal of human physical beauty as an object of cultural veneration.. artistic examples from Egypt in sculpture.
the dismissal of human physical beauty as an object of cultural veneration..
The major stages of Roman imperial expansion before 100 BCE was built in three stages including the involvement and seizures of the Hellenistic kingdoms in the eastern Mediterranean. seizure of the Atlantic coastline of northwestern Africa to outflank Carthage. the defeat of the Gauls by Sulla and Pompey. only military, not economic considerations. revenge for the death of Cincinnatus at the hands of the Latins.
the involvement and seizures of the Hellenistic kingdoms in the eastern Mediterranean.
The third century CE was notable for all of the following except the official adoption of Christianity as the religion of the empire. the invasion by German tribes. the onset of plagues. the frequent turnover of "military" emperors. inroads by the Sassanid Persian empire.
the official adoption of Christianity as the religion of the empire.
All of the following are correct about the evolution of warfare by about 700 B.C.E. in ancient Greece except the use of light, highly mobile infantry in battle because of technological and tactical innovations in warfare. the skillful use of large round shields, body armor, and long thrusting spears in warfare. the reliance of aristocratic cavalry soldiers, nobles on horseback, in filling the ranks of Greek city-state armies. a willingness to engage the enemy head-on, thus, often resulting in the quick resolution of battle. the development of the phalanx as an effective tactic in warfare..
the reliance of aristocratic cavalry soldiers, nobles on horseback, in filling the ranks of Greek city-state armies.
All of the following was true about the Peloponnesian War except the foundation of Athenian strategy, initially, was the exploitation of its naval power. the foundation of Spartan strategy was the exploitation of its strength in fighting face-to-face military confrontations on land. a plague killed one-third of the population of Athens. the ultimate result of the war was a unified Greece headed by the city by Thebes. Athenians were defeated and their city wall torn down.
the ultimate result of the war was a unified Greece headed by the city by Thebes.
Cacao trees were the source of chocolate and drunk as a beverage by the upper class the middle class the lower class all of the classes
the upper class
Roman jurists were able to provide a systematic framework for Roman law because they came to assume that natural law, or universal law, was based upon reason. the Twelve Tables provided an enduring basis for legislation. the legal interpretation of the praetors maintained legal order. of the universality of the law of nations. of the influence of Plato and Aristotle.
they came to assume that natural law, or universal law, was based upon reason.
The political structure in Sparta contained a council of ephors. two kings. a general assembly. a council of elders. all of these
two kings.
The three "twice-born" castes were the sudra, ashakan, and pariah. Sikh, Hamar, and Maltese. brahmins, bodhi, and mahayana. vaisya, kshatriya, and brahmins. sudras, brahmins, and kshatriya.
vaisya, kshatriya, and brahmins.
Herodotus was a famous tragic dramatist of 5th century Greece. wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War. was a victorious general of the Peloponnesian War. wrote the History of the Persian Wars. s. was a prolific and prominent disciple of Socrates.
was a victorious general of the Peloponnesian War.
Herodotus was a victorious general of the Peloponnesian War. wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War. wrote the History of the Persian Wars. s. was a famous tragic dramatist of 5th century Greece. was a prolific and prominent disciple of Socrates.
was a victorious general of the Peloponnesian War.
Julius Caesar was a member of the plebeian class. defeated Octavian's army and obtained the titles of dictator, then dictator for life. saw the need for change and strengthened the Senate's power. was assassinated by leading senators convinced his death would restore the republic. all of the above
was assassinated by leading senators convinced his death would restore the republic.
Octavian, Caesar's nephew and adopted son, was badly defeated by Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31 BCE. gave up his military authority once he was given the title of Augustus in 27 BCE. became emperor after a long, successful military career. was awarded the title imperator in 27 BCE. presented himself as a dictator with nearly unlimited powers.
was awarded the title imperator in 27 BCE.
Aztec writing was phonetic. may have been the result of contact with traders from the Aleutians. resembled ancient Greek in its organization. was copied from Egyptian hieroglyphics. was based upon hieroglyphs that represented an object or concept.
was based upon hieroglyphs that represented an object or concept.
Greek philosophy was characterized by a lack of leading thinkers. contained thinkers holding only absolutist views. has not made as lasting an impact as that of Mesopotamia. was distinguished by the ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. is perhaps best-known today for the ideas contained in the work of Polyclitus.
was distinguished by the ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Spartan society secluded women and forbade them to appear in public. was the first ancient society to attempt to save all premature and crippled infants. adopted democracy a century earlier than in Athens. was organized as a military state. passed the Lycurgan reforms, which made all women voters.
was organized as a military state.
Spartan society was the first ancient society to attempt to save all premature and crippled infants. adopted democracy a century earlier than in Athens. was organized as a military state. passed the Lycurgan reforms, which made all women voters.
was organized as a military state.
The government of Rome was originally established as a representative democracy. contained an element of republicanism from its beginnings. was originally a monarchy but later became a republic. was developed as a monarchy under the Celts. was ruled by the upper-class plebeians.
was originally a monarchy but later became a republic.
The bulk of transportation needs in the Han Empire was provided by horse trading posts for caravans to facilitate speed. waterways and a vast canal system. an interconnected and patrolled system of roads. routes designated for trade use only. accompanying Imperial army guards to prevent theft.
waterways and a vast canal system.
The chinampas were agricultural plots built on swampy islands. were built to maintain industrial production. provided farmers with a means of growing waterfowl for export to South America. were to be found only in the semi-arid areas of northern Mesoamerica. were part of Inka religious culture.
were agricultural plots built on swampy islands.
Unlike the patricians, the plebeians made up a smaller percentage of the population. could not be elected to governmental offices before 150 CE. were less privileged and often poorer than the patricians. were barred from military roles. became slaves when they could not pay their debts.
were less privileged and often poorer than the patricians.
The Second Punic War saw the eventual victory of Carthage over Rome. saw Hannibal invade Italy from Greece. won Spain for Rome and resulted in Roman control over the western Mediterranean. produced a great victory for the Romans over Hannibal at the battle of Cannae. all of the above
won Spain for Rome and resulted in Roman control over the western Mediterranean.
Archimedes affected global location through the use of levers. observed gravity through water displacement. discovered the moon's impact upon the tides. determined the value of karma, in its role as a constant in mathematics. worked on the geometry of cylinders and spheres and the value of pi.
worked on the geometry of cylinders and spheres and the value of pi.
The agricultural revolution led to the development of stone tools, including the use of ________ for creating sharp tools. -iron -obsidian -copper -flint -granite
—obsidian
