Mini quiz chapter 8
________ is a sleep disorder that is the opposite of REM-sleep behavior disorder.
cataplexy
Activation of adenosine receptors may increase sleep by
inhibition of neurons that normally inhibit the vlPOA
Which of the following is true of melanopsin?
melanopsin is found within ganglion cells
Activation of ________ cells within the ________ produces arousal and reduced sleep.
noradrenergic; locus coeruleus
Hypocretin neurons are active during ________ but inactive during ________.
normal waking; sleep
A primary effect of sleep deprivation in humans is
perceptual distortions
Damage to the ventrolateral preoptic area would be expected to
produce insomnia
The cell bodies of most serotonin neurons are located within the
raphe nuclei
The only movements that are characteristic of sleep involve
rapid movements of the eyes
The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls circadian rhythms via
secretion of as yet unidentified chemicals
Narcolepsy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
sleepwalking
Sleep stages 3 and 4 are also called
slow-wave sleep
Which of the following is true of the sleep cycle during a night of sleep?
as the night goes on, the relative length of REM sleep increases in each successive cycle
Which of the following is a reason why stage 4 is considered to be the deepest sleep stage?
b and d are correct
Which of the following is absent during REM sleep?
EEG synchrony
Signs of cortical arousal in the EEG are reduced by
acetylcholine antagonists.
Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)
adenosine antagonist
Damage to the rat SCN would be expected to disrupt circadian rhythms related to
all of the above are correct
Which of the following transmitter substances modulate wakefulness?
all of the above are correct
________ is(are) considered to be an abnormality of REM sleep.
all of the above are correct
The ________ pattern of EEG activity is characterized by irregular, high-frequency (13-30 Hz), low-amplitude waves.
beta
Stages of sleep are easily distinguished by
changes in the electrical activity of the brain
Which of the following findings support the learning theory of REM sleep?
deprivation of REM sleep results in poor learning in rats
The ________ contains the primary biological clock that controls sleep-wake cycles in the rat.
suprachiasmatic nucleus
The primary symptom of REM-sleep behavior disorder is(are)
the ability of a person to move during REM sleep
he primary symptom of REM-sleep behavior disorder is(are)
the ability of a person to move during REM sleep
A serious issue associated with sleeping medications is that
the use of sleeping pills can lead to daytime grogginess
The ________ brain wave pattern has a characteristic frequency of ________.
theta; 3.5-7.5 Hz
Beta brain wave activity is not a reliable indicator of being awake because
this brain wave pattern also appears during sleep.
Degeneration of brain orexin neurons causes narcolepsy.
true
In the bottlenose dolphin, slow-wave sleep occurs independently in the left and right hemispheres.
true
Insomniacs underestimate their amount of sleep.
true
Light is the primary zeitgeber for most mammals' activity cycles.
true
Noradrenergic agonist drugs produce arousal and decrease sleep.
true
REM sleep facilitates the consolidation of non-declarative memory.
true
Sleep is a behavior.
true
Sleep stages 3 and 4 are characterized by delta activity.
true
The vlPOA is key region for the initiation of sleep.
true