Mini quiz chapter 8

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________ is a sleep disorder that is the opposite of REM-sleep behavior disorder.

cataplexy

Activation of adenosine receptors may increase sleep by

inhibition of neurons that normally inhibit the vlPOA

Which of the following is true of melanopsin?

melanopsin is found within ganglion cells

Activation of ________ cells within the ________ produces arousal and reduced sleep.

noradrenergic; locus coeruleus

Hypocretin neurons are active during ________ but inactive during ________.

normal waking; sleep

A primary effect of sleep deprivation in humans is

perceptual distortions

Damage to the ventrolateral preoptic area would be expected to

produce insomnia

The cell bodies of most serotonin neurons are located within the

raphe nuclei

The only movements that are characteristic of sleep involve

rapid movements of the eyes

The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls circadian rhythms via

secretion of as yet unidentified chemicals

Narcolepsy is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

sleepwalking

Sleep stages 3 and 4 are also called

slow-wave sleep

Which of the following is true of the sleep cycle during a night of sleep?

as the night goes on, the relative length of REM sleep increases in each successive cycle

Which of the following is a reason why stage 4 is considered to be the deepest sleep stage?

b and d are correct

Which of the following is absent during REM sleep?

EEG synchrony

Signs of cortical arousal in the EEG are reduced by

acetylcholine antagonists.

Caffeine promotes wakefulness because it is a(n)

adenosine antagonist

Damage to the rat SCN would be expected to disrupt circadian rhythms related to

all of the above are correct

Which of the following transmitter substances modulate wakefulness?

all of the above are correct

________ is(are) considered to be an abnormality of REM sleep.

all of the above are correct

The ________ pattern of EEG activity is characterized by irregular, high-frequency (13-30 Hz), low-amplitude waves.

beta

Stages of sleep are easily distinguished by

changes in the electrical activity of the brain

Which of the following findings support the learning theory of REM sleep?

deprivation of REM sleep results in poor learning in rats

The ________ contains the primary biological clock that controls sleep-wake cycles in the rat.

suprachiasmatic nucleus

The primary symptom of REM-sleep behavior disorder is(are)

the ability of a person to move during REM sleep

he primary symptom of REM-sleep behavior disorder is(are)

the ability of a person to move during REM sleep

A serious issue associated with sleeping medications is that

the use of sleeping pills can lead to daytime grogginess

The ________ brain wave pattern has a characteristic frequency of ________.

theta; 3.5-7.5 Hz

Beta brain wave activity is not a reliable indicator of being awake because

this brain wave pattern also appears during sleep.

Degeneration of brain orexin neurons causes narcolepsy.

true

In the bottlenose dolphin, slow-wave sleep occurs independently in the left and right hemispheres.

true

Insomniacs underestimate their amount of sleep.

true

Light is the primary zeitgeber for most mammals' activity cycles.

true

Noradrenergic agonist drugs produce arousal and decrease sleep.

true

REM sleep facilitates the consolidation of non-declarative memory.

true

Sleep is a behavior.

true

Sleep stages 3 and 4 are characterized by delta activity.

true

The vlPOA is key region for the initiation of sleep.

true


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