MKT 3413 Chapter 14
A ________ (where the target variable is clearly indicated, probably in the title, and the statistically significant positive and negative correlations are identified and separated) is suggested when presenting correlation findings. A) table B) cross-tabulation table C) lengthy discussion D) graph E) none of the above; there is no "best" communication vehicle for cross-tabulation analysis
A
A table that contains the raw counts of various relationships possible in a cross-tabulation is called: A) a frequencies table B) a possibility table C) a Boolean possibility table D) a frequent Boolean possibility table E) a stacked bar table
A
If you wished to perform correlation analysis using your XL Data Analyst, which command sequence would you use? A) Relate—Correlate B) Correlate—Summarize C) Coefficient—Relate D) Correlate—Pearson—Beta E) none of the above; XL Data Analyst will not run correlation analysis
A
Regression analysis provides a measure of accuracy for predictions of the regression equation through the: A) standard error of estimate B) standard error of accuracy C) standard error of percentage D) standard error of average E) standard error of the error term
A
Relationship analyses determine whether: A) stable patterns exist between two or more variables B) significant differences exist between two or more variables C) stable generalizations exist between 12 or more variables D) two variables have the same level of measurement E) none of the above; relationships occur between clients and researchers
A
The null hypothesis for a correlation states that: A) the population correlation coefficient is equal to zero. B) the population correlation coefficient is +1. C) the population correlation coefficient is -1 D) the population correlation coefficient is ±1. E) the population correlation coefficient is positive
A
The stronger a relationship the: A) larger the absolute size of the correlation coefficient B) larger the strength coefficient C) closer to zero is the correlation coefficient D) larger, positive size of the correlation coefficient E) larger the beta
A
The term ________ implies that the scale is metric, whereas the term ________ implies that the scale is categorical. A) levels; labels B) labels; levels C) levels; variances D) labels; variances E) variances; labels
A
What Greek symbol denotes the true slope in regression analysis? A) β B) α C) π D) Σ E) Ω
A
What is the intersection of a row and a column in a cross-tabulation table called? A) a "cross-tabulation cell" B) a dangerous intersection C) a chi-square D) a "cross-cell interaction" E) an intersect cell
A
When a scale has "levels" as opposed to "labels" we can normally assume the level of measurement is: A) metric B) in small increments C) categorical D) to scale E) average
A
Which of the following is NOT one of the items to report when regression is used as a screening device or for understanding? A) dependent variable B) statistically significant independent variables C) signs of beta coefficients D) standardized beta coefficients for the significant variables E) dummy coded variable
A
________ are the totals observed by counting the number of respondents who are in each cross-tabulation cell. A) Observed frequencies B) Expected frequencies C) Cell column totals D) Cell row totals E) Grand totals
A
________ is the examination of frequencies for two categorical variables in a cross-tabulation table to determine whether the variables have a significant relationship. A) Chi-square analysis B) Correlation C) ANOVA D) Regression E) MANOVA
A
A ________ is defined as one that is scaled with a categorical 0-versus-1 coding scheme. A) screening variable B) dummy independent variable C) standardized beta coefficient D) binary independent variable E) p value
B
A question that asks how often a respondent purchases plane tickets would be considered: A) categorical levels B) metric levels C) metric labels D) categorical labels E) average levels
B
In multiple regression, ________ is a handy measure of the strength of the overall relationship. A) adjusted R B) multiple R C) multicollinearity D) VIF E) PVS
B
The best communication vehicle for cross-tabulation analysis is a ________. A) table B) cross-tabulation table C) lengthy discussion D) graph E) there is no "best" communication vehicle for cross-tabulation analysis
B
What Greek symbol denotes the true intercept in regression analysis? A) β B) α C) π D) Σ E) Ω
B
What are the intercept and the slope computed on the basis of in regression analysis? A) parsimony B) the least squares' criterion C) the most squares' criterion D) the size of the coefficients E) none of the above; the intercept and slope are not computed in regression analysis
B
What is the intersection cell for the Row Totals column and the Column Totals row in a cross-tabulation table called? A) the Row and Column Totals Cell B) the Grand Total C) the Total cell D) the Grand Column E) none of the above; rows and columns do not intersect
B
Which type of relationship is a "straight-line" relationship between two variables which allows us to know one variable if we have knowledge of the other? A) causal relationship B) linear relationship C) categorical relationship D) Boolean relationship E) a beta relationship
B
Which type of relationship is described by the formula: y = a + bx? A) causal relationship B) linear relationship C) categorical relationship D) Boolean relationship E) a beta relationship
B
________ is defined as the amount of change in one variable systematically associated with a change in another variable. A) Correspondence B) Covariation C) Covariable change analysis D) An alpha relationship E) A beta relationship
B
________ is the analytical technique that assesses the statistical significance of categorical variable relationships. A) A stacked pie chart B) Cross-tabulation analysis C) Cross-label analysis D) Cross-category analysis E) A stacked bar chart
B
A correlation coefficient is an index number constrained to fall between the range of: A) 0 to 1.00 B) 0 to 100 C) -1.00 to +1.00 D) .05 to .95 E) none of the above; it is not constrained
C
Assume the regression equation is y=$75 + $25x and we are predicting the weekly grocery expenditures where x=number of family members. How much would a family of 4 spend on groceries per week? A) $700 B) $400 C) $175 D) $100 E) $425
C
Assume you run a correlation analysis and your XL Data Analyst informs you that you have a significant relationship. What can you use to determine how strong the relationship is? A) the strength coefficient, which ranges from 1 to 10, with 10 being the strongest B) the strength coefficient, which ranges from 1 to 5, with 5 being the strongest C) the size of the correlation coefficient D) the size of the beta E) none of the above; correlation is not measured in terms of strength
C
Bivariate regression analysis is defined as a predictive analysis technique in which: A) a pattern in one variable is identified over time and projected into the future B) a relationship between three variables that exists across time is observed to make a prediction C) one variable is used to predict the level of another variable D) two variables are used to predict two others by the use of a scatter diagram E) three or more variables variances are analyzed
C
Correlation coefficients that fall between -1.00 and -.81 or between -1.00 and -.81 are generally considered to be: A) weak B) moderate C) strong D) nonexistent E) very weak
C
If a correlation coefficient is not statistically significant: A) you can still use the size of the coefficient to indicate the amount of the association though you know it is not significant B) you can use the direction of the coefficient to indicate the nature of the association though you know it is not significant C) you must assume the correlation is zero; the coefficient has no meaning at all D) you should rerun the analysis to see if the beta is significant E) none of the above; all coefficients are statistically significant
C
If you enter more than one independent variable in XL Data Analyst while performing regression, you are running: A) bivariate regression B) single variable analysis C) multiple regression analysis D) polyvariable regression E) none of the above; you cannot enter more than one independent variable in XL Data Analyst
C
Independent variables are normally measured in different units. To determine the relative importance of the beta weights between independent variables, we would use: A) a screening variable B) a trimmed model C) standardized beta coefficients D) betas measured in "like-units" E) p values
C
Multiple R is also called the ________. A) PVS B) MR C) coefficient of determination D) standardized beta coefficient E) p value
C
The chi-square test is useful for determining: A) if a relationship exists between three categorical variables B) if a relationship exists between two metric variables C) if a relationship exists between two categorical variables D) if a duotonic relationship exists between two variables E) if a beta is present in the relationship
C
The more precise the prediction in a linear relationship, the closer the R-square value will be to: A) 0 B) -1 C) +1 D) infinity E) .01
C
What is the command sequence for the XL Data Analyst to perform cross-tabulation analysis and generate row and column percentage tables? A) Go—Boolean B) Summarize—Boolean—Cross C) Relate—Crosstabs D) Relate—2 Variables E) Relate—Boolean—Stacked Bar
C
When a scale has "labels" as opposed to "levels" we can normally assume the level of measurement is: A) metric B) in small increments C) categorical D) to scale E) average
C
Which of the following is a form of regression analysis where more than one independent variable is used in the regression equation? A) regression planes B) additivity C) multiple regression analysis D) independence assumption E) polyvariable analysis
C
A predictive analysis technique in which variables are used to predict the level of another by use of the straight-line formula, y= a + bx is: A) chi-square B) Pearson correlation C) digression analysis D) regression analysis E) summarization analysis
D
A question about choice of drink with the answers being "coffee" or "soft drink" would be considered to have: A) categorical levels B) metric levels C) level metrics D) categorical labels E) average labels
D
If you wanted your XL Data Analyst to perform regression analysis, which command sequence would you use? A) Summarize—Regress B) Relate—Multiple/Linear C) Relate—Regress—Multiple/Linear D) Relate—Regression E) Relate—Polyvariable Prediction
D
In chi-square analysis, the formula for an expected cell frequency shows the cell column total * by the cell row total in the numerator and ________ in the denominator. A) the cell column total B) the cell row total C) p*q D) n E) the grand total
D
In regression analysis, the statistical significance of the intercept and the slope are deemed significant if they are significantly different from: A) their values on a previous test B) the least squares' criterion C) the most squares' criterion D) zero, the null hypothesis E) the .05 criterion
D
In the chi-square test, for a significant relationship to exist: A) the computed expected frequencies should exceed the critical chi-square table value B) the chi-square value should exceed 1.96 C) there should be no differences between the observed and expected frequencies D) the calculated chi-square value should exceed the critical chi-square table value E) the chi-square value must be greater than .05
D
In the formula for a straight line, the b stands for the ________. A) intercept B) dependent variable C) independent variable D) slope E) predicted variable
D
The chi-square test is performed by: A) comparing a metric variable with a categorical variable B) comparing one frequency table with one cross-tabulation table C) comparing the difference among categories of more than three variables D) comparing observed frequencies with expected frequencies E) comparing the pie chart with the stacked bar chart
D
What is the name of the statistical procedure to determine if a systematic linear relationship exists between two metric-scaled variables? A) chi-square B) correlation coefficient C) Pearson chi-square D) Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient E) Pearson Beta coefficient
D
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the independent variable in regression analysis? A) It is used to predict the dependent variable. B) It is the x in the regression formula. C) The term independent variable is an arbitrary designation. D) It is predicted by the dependent variable. E) There is no cause-and-effect relationship or true dependence between the dependent and the independent variables
D
Which of the following is true of the dependent variable in regression analysis? A) used to predict the independent variable, and it is the x in the regression formula B) used to predict the independent variable, and it is the y in the regression formula C) predicted, and it is usually termed x in the regression formula D) predicted, and it is usually termed y in the regression formula E) predicted by the categorical variable, termed i, in the regression formula
D
With cross-tabulation, two variables are arranged in a: A) consistent and significant pattern B) cross-tabulation cell C) chi-square cell D) cross-tabulation table E) stacked bar table
D
You do not have a "relationship" that links the labels (or levels) for two variables unless the relationship is: A) based upon effect B) consistent C) systematic D) both consistent and systematic E) based upon strength
D
A ________ is a consistent and systematic linkage between the levels or labels for two variables. A) variance B) correlation C) coefficient D) difference E) relationship
E
Should XL Data Analyst find there is no significant relationship in a cross-tabulation table, it: A) presents Column or Row Percents with a warning B) presents both Column and Row Percents C) presents only Column Percents D) presents an asterisk E) none of the above; inspecting a table of non-significant relationships is not productive
E
Which of the following is NOT true of a scatter diagram? A) It plots data pairs in an x- and y-axis graph. B) It will portray the amount of covariation between two metric variables. C) It plots the points corresponding to each matched pair of x and y variables. D) When there is no apparent association or relationship between two variables, the points on a scatter diagram fail to create any identifiable pattern. E) There is no relationship between scatter diagrams and correlation coefficients
E