MKT Research Ch 14
If all the population elements have exactly the same value of the characteristic, what sample size is needed to represent the population?
1
parameters
A characteristic or measure of a population
statistics
A characteristic or measure of a sample.
area sample
A form of cluster sampling in which areas (e.g., census tracts, blocks) serve as the primary sampling units. Using maps, the population is divided into mutually exclusive and exhaustive areas, and a random sample of areas is selected.
snowball sample
A judgment sample that relies on the researcher's ability to locate an initial set of respondents with the desired characteristics.
quota sample
A nonprobability sample chosen so that the proportion of sample elements with certain characteristics is about the same as the proportion of the elements with the characteristics in the target population.
convenience sample
A nonprobability sample in which population elements are included in the sample because they were readily available.
judgment sample
A nonprobability sample in which the sample elements are handpicked because they are expected to serve the research purpose.
stratified sample
A probability sample in which (1) the population is divided into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets, and (2) a probabilistic sample of elements is chosen independently from each subset.
cluster sample
A probability sampling plan in which (1) the parent population is divided into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets, and (2) a random sample of one or more subsets (clusters) is selected.
simple random sample
A probability sampling plan in which each unit included in the population has a known and equal chance of being selected for the sample.
systematic sample
A probability sampling plan in which every k th element in the population is selected for the sample pool after a random start.
probability sample
A sample in which each target population element has a known, nonzero chance of being included in the sample.
nonprobability sample
A sample that relies on personal judgment in the element selection process.
census
A type of sampling plan in which data are collected from or about each member of a population.
population
All cases that meet designated specifications for membership in the group.
What is the recommended way to determine the proper sample size for a project that asks multiple questions about several characteristics?
Choose the sample size of the most critical characteristic
What is true about probability samples?
Each member of the target population has some chance of being included.
Statistics are used to estimate sample parameters.
False
What are the two broad categories of sampling techniques?
Probability and non-probability
sample
Selection of a subset of elements from a larger group of objects.
What kind of sample would allow a researcher to make inferences regarding the larger population and estimate the likely amount of sampling error?
Simple random sample
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the necessary sample size?
Size of the population
What type of sampling procedure relies on the initial set of respondents to identify others with the desired characteristics?
Snowball sample
All of the following are nonprobability samples except which?
Systematic
precision
The degree of error in an estimate of a population parameter.
confidence
The degree to which one can feel confident that an estimate approximates the true value.
sampling error
The difference between results obtained from a sample and results that would have been obtained had information been gathered from or about every member of the population.
sampling frame
The list of population elements from which a sample will be drawn; the list might consist of geographic areas, institutions, individuals, or other units.
total sampling elements (TSE)
The number of population elements that must be drawn from the population and included in the initial sample pool in order to end up with the desired sample size.
sampling interval
The number of population elements to count (k) when selecting the sample members in a systematic sample.
When a larger number of population elements must be included in the initial sample pool in order to end up with the desired sample size, what must be calculated?
Total Sampling Elements
If all population elements have exactly the same value of the characteristic being researched, then a sample size of one is all that is needed to represent the population.
True
In the early stages of research, when ideas or insights are being sought, judgment samples can be perfectly appropriate.
True
Nonprobability samples involve personal judgment somewhere in the selection process.
True
The area sample is particularly useful when no good sampling frame is available.
True
The calculation of total sampling elements (TSE) applies to any type of sample.
True
Within a given precision range, the amount of confidence is directly related to the size of the sample.
True
Which of the following factors would require a larger sample?
When variation in the parameter in question increases
Which statement about a statistic is NOT true?
a. Average age is an example statistic. b. A statistic is a characteristic of the population.
Which of the following is a type of probability sample?
a. Stratified b. Cluster c. Simple random
Which characteristics of a population drive the sample size?
a. The desired precision b. The desired confidence c. The variation in the characteristic of the population
Which statement is true about target populations?
a. The simpler the definition of the target population, the easier it will be to find the sample. b. Populations that are larger in number are easier to locate. c. You must be painfully explicit about who or what qualifies as a member of the population.
When does the calculation of total sampling elements (TSE) become important?
a. When some sample elements refuse to participate or cannot be contacted b. When there is incorrect contact information for some sample elements c.When some sample elements don't meet the criteria for inclusion in the sample
