Module 21

Prosocial behavior

positive, constructive, and helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior.

Modeling

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.

Instinctive drift

the tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns.

Findings from Garcia's research on taste aversion in rats indicate that: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices Organisms do not have biological predispositions when learning associations. The unconditioned stimulus must immediately follow the conditioned stimulus. Rats are more likely to develop aversions to tastes than they are to sights or sounds. Rats are more likely to develop aversions to sights or sounds than they are to tastes.

Rats are more likely to develop aversions to tastes than they are to sights or sounds.

In the classic Bobo doll research, Bandura and his colleagues demonstrated that _____ may be acquired through observational learning. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices phobias aggressive behavior prosocial behavior athletic skills

aggressive behavior

The famous Bobo Doll research was conducted by _____ and showed the power of _____. Albert Bandura; observational learning Edward Thorndike; the law of effect Edward Tolman; cognitive maps B. F. Skinner; reinforcement and punishment

Albert Bandura; observational learning

_____ learning is not demonstrated until one is motivated to perform the behavior.

Latent

Preparedness.

a biological predisposition to learn associations, such as between taste and nausea, that have survival value

Cognitive map

a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.

Evolved tendencies for species to learn some behaviors more easily than others are called _____ constraints on learning. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices biological natural adaptive physiological

biological

Studies have shown that exposure to violence also _____ viewers when later viewing other violence on television. sensitizes desensitizes saddens confuses

desensitizes

Mirror neurons are found in the brain's _____ lobe and are believed to be the neural basis for observational learning.

frontal

Mirror neurons

frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when we perform certain actions or observe another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation and empathy.

Learning that occurs internally and is expressed behaviorally only when there is sufficient incentive to do so is called _____ learning. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices subliminal intrinsic latent manifest

latent

Observational learning

learning by observing others.

Latent learning

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

Evaluate the traditional learning theories—namely, classical and operant conditioning—in light of the biopsychosocial model. It is MOST accurate to say that traditional learning theories _____ influences. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices neglected sociocultural neglected psychological emphasized biological emphasized sociocultural

neglected sociocultural

Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiments were intended to demonstrate: shaping. taste aversion. latent learning. observational learning.

observational learning.