Module 7
Which of the following hoseline sizes are used to supply a handline stream?
1 1/2 to 3 inch
As water is vaporized into steam, it expands approximately ____ its original volume.
1700 times
In actual operation, fire stream angles between ___ provide maximum reach.
30-34 degrees
Additional personnel will be required to safely handle smooth bore nozzles at nozzle pressures greater than:
65 PSI
Most foam concentrates are intended to be mixed with ___ percent water.
94-99.9
Which of the following statements about foam delivery devices is MOST accurate?
Air-aspirating foam nozzles are the most effective appliance for generation of low-expansion foam.
Which of the following statements about operating fog nozzles on handlines is MOST accurate?
As the fog pattern widens, the nozzle reaction decreases and the nozzle is easier to handle
Which of the following statements about fire stream nozzles is most accurate?
Broken-stream delivery devices are used to apply water in confined spaces
_______________ _______________ are lowered into confined spaces through a hole cut in an overhead surface
Cellar nozzles
Which of the following statements about Class A foam concentrates is MOST accurate?
Class A foam reduces the surface tension of water, allowing better water penetration into the fuel.
Which of the following BEST describes a use of a fire stream?
Dispersing hot smoke and fire gases from a heated area
Which of the following statements about foam proportioning is MOST accurate?
Eduction uses pressure energy in the stream of water to induct foam concentrate into the fire stream.
When using an in-line eductor, which of the following might cause foam concentrations to be too lean?
Foam concentrate inlet too far above surface of foam concentrate
Which of the following statements about smooth bore nozzles is MOST accurate?
Hoselines may kink as smooth bore nozzles use less pressure
Which of the following statements about water pressure is MOST accurate?
If the nozzle is above the fire pump, nozzle pressure is decreased
Which of the following statements about finished foam in the environment is MOST accurate?
In a body of water, decomposing foam can reduce oxygen available to fish and other aquatic creatures.
Which of the following statements about maintaining nozzles is MOST accurate?
Maintenance, care and cleaning should be performed according to manufacturer's recommendations.
Which of the following statements about foam hazards is MOST accurate?
Manufacturers' safety data sheets provide environmental impact information for specific foam concentrates
Which of the following fire stream patterns has the ability to reach areas other streams might not reach?
Solid Stream
Which of the following statements about foam hazards is MOST accurate?
Some foam concentrates and their vapors may be harmful if inhaled
Which of the following statements about vaporization and steam is MOST accurate?
Steam produced in the upper layer of hot smoke and fire gases will cause the upper layer to contract toward the ceiling
Which of the following statements about foam proportioners and delivery systems is MOST accurate?
The foam proportioner and delivery system must be compatible to produce usable foam.
Which statement about constant-pressure fog nozzles is MOST accurate?
The operator can vary the flow rate while maintaining constant nozzle pressure
Which of the following statements about fire stream types is MOST accurate?
The pattern must be compact enough for the water to reach the burning material.
What are specialized foams designed solely for use on unignited spills of hazardous liquids?
Unignited chemicals tend to change the pH of water or remove the water from fire fighting foam, making the foam ineffective.
Characteristics of water that make it valuable for fire extinguishment include:
a greater heat-absorbing capacity than other agents.
To extinguish by cooling, the fire stream must:
absorb heat faster than fire generates heat.
The primary way water extinguishes fire is by:
absorbing heat
Friction loss may be overcome by:
adding additional parallel hose lines
Poor-quality foam may result from:
air leaks at fittings causing a loss of suction.
Which foams are required to extinguish fires of ethanol or ethanol-based fuels?
alcohol resistant foams
Class A foam extinguishes and/or prevents ignition by:
allowing water to penetrate fuels
Installed in-line eductors, around-the-pump proportioners, and balanced pressure proportioners are examples of:
apparatus-mounted proportioners
Multipurpose Class B foams are normally mixed at a 6 percent rate when:
applied to polar solvents
Factors to consider in selecting a foam proportioner include solution flow requirements, intended use, and:
available water pressure
When used with a smooth bore nozzle, a nozzle control valve that causes turbulence when partially open which can affect the quality of a fire stream is the:
ball valve
In which application method does the operator direct the foam stream onto an elevated object, allowing the foam to run down and onto the surface of the fuel?
bank down method
Which technique for applying Class B foam is used primarily on fires contained in diked pools around storage tanks and fires involving spills around damaged or overturned transport vehicles?
bank-down method
Because the foam solution goes through the pump, the ___ proportioning method may cause the pump to require additional maintenance.
batch mixing
Which of the following proportioning methods makes it difficult to refill an apparatus water tank due to excessive bubbling from residual foam solution?
batch mixing
When applied to solid fuels, Class A foam blankets the fuel, controls flames, then:
breaks down, releasing water to cool the fuel
Which of the following stream patterns is used to extinguish fires in attics, cocklofts, basements, and other confined spaces?
broken-stream
To prevent water hammer:
close control valves slowly.
Broken-streams may have sufficient continuity to ________________ _________________.
conduct electricity
High-expansion foam is typically used for:
confined spaces such as mines and shipboard compartments.
Which of the following types of fog nozzles provides a constant discharge rate throughout a range of patterns?
constant gallonage
Slide valves permit water to flow without
creating turbulence
Poor-quality foam may result from mixing:
different types of foam concentrates in the same tank
Which of the following proportioning methods depends on the Venturi Principle to draw foam through a hose connected to the foam concentrate container and into the water stream?
eduction
Which of the following foam proportioners may compromise firefighter safety since it is difficult to quickly relocate the components?
foam nozzle eductor
Which type of nozzle can be adjusted, resulting in different patterns?
fog
Which of the following fire stream patterns can be used for hydraulic ventilation?
fog stream
Foam works by
forming a blanket of foam on the surface of burning liquid and solid fuels
The loss of water pressure in a hoseline is the most common example of:
friction loss
A stream broken into small droplets has a
greater surface area
Which of the following fire streams is supplied by 1½- to 3-inch (38 mm to 77 mm) hose, and discharges from 40 to 350 gpm (160 L/min to 1 400 L/min)?
handline stream
Which size fire stream flows 40 to 350 gpm (160 L/min to 1 400 L/min)?
handline stream
Fog-streams may be used to cool the
hot fire gas layer
Class B foams are effective on
hydrocarbon fuels and polar solvents.
The most common type of foam proportioner in use is the:
in-line foam eductor
Which of the following statements about smooth bore nozzle reaction is MOST accurate?
increasing discharge pressure and flow rate increases nozzle reaction
Friction loss may be overcome by:
increasing pump pressure.
The proportioning method which uses an external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate into the fire stream is:
injection
The energy required to change a liquid into a vapor is:
latent heat of vaporization
A fire stream is a stream of water or extinguishing agent after it:
leaves the fire hose nozzle until it reaches the desired target.
Which of the following BEST describes the rate of discharge of a low-volume stream?
less then 40 GPM
Which stream is created by apparatus-mounted appliances?
master stream
Air is added to the foam solution by
mechanical agitation
Which of the following foam generators is typically associated with total-flooding applications?
mechanical blower generator
Which classification of foam is used to suppress vapors from hazardous materials spills?
medium expansion foam
The degree of foam expansion depends on the type of foam concentrate, accurate proportioning, quality of the foam concentrate and:
method of aeration
A common reason for generating poor-quality foam is:
mixing different types of foam concentrate in the same tank
Foam lowers surface tension of water, allowing it to ___ fires in Class A materials.
penetrate
Which type of nozzle can be used to effectively control fires in concealed spaces?
piercing
Flammable liquids that mix readily with water are:
polar solvents
Which of the following is a characteristic of nozzles designed to operate at pressures less than 100 psi (700 kPa)?
produce lower density fog patterns
Air-aspirating nozzles must be used with:
protein and flouoroprotein concentrates.
b. The size of the nozzle opening and the nozzle pressure determine the ___________________ flowing from the nozzle.
quantity of water
Which of the following is the primary application technique used on aboveground storage tank fires?
rain down method
Which of the following is used only on a pool of ignited or unignited fuel on open ground?
roll on method
Which of the following nozzle control valves also controls the discharge pattern of the fire stream?
rotary control valve
Which action of fire fighting foam creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire?
separating
The type of nozzle control valve that seats a moveable cylinder against a shaped cone to turn off the flow of water is the:
slide valve
Which nozzle produces a compact stream with little shower or spray?
smooth bore nozzle
Which fire stream pattern is produced by a fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle?
solid stream
Which of the following fire stream patterns produces less steam conversion and less heat absorption per gallon (liter)?
solid stream
The energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree is called:
specific heat
Which of the following fire stream patterns is usually produced by a fog nozzle?
straight stream
Which of the following nozzle categories was established by NFPA®1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections?
straight tip
Which Class B foams are made from a mixture of fluorosurfactants?
synthetic foams
Latent Heat of Vaporization is:
the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into a vapor without temperature change.
Which of the following statements about friction loss is MOST accurate?
the longer the hose lay, the higher the friction loss
How may gravity, friction of air, and wind act on a solid fire stream?
they may decrease the reach of the stream
Mixing Class A foam at a higher recommended percentage results in a
thick, dry foam
When operating a handline, a firefighter should open the control valve slowly:
to better control nozzle reaction
Foam produced by CAFS adheres well to
vertical surfaces.
Fire stream pattern types are defined by the specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle and the size of the:
volume of water flowing from the nozzle per minute
Which of the following foam generators produces foam by pumping foam solution through the nozzle in a fine spray?
water aspirating type nozzle
Which nozzles pump foam solution through the nozzle in a fine spray that mixes with air to form foam?
water-aspirating nozzles
Which of the following is a factor that may affect a fire stream?
wind direction and velocity
