Monarchy and Enlightenment

Magna Carta

(1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of Englad was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy

Commonwealth

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Absolute Monarchy

A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power

Social Contract

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.

Causes of the English Civil War

Continual refusal of King Charles I to share power with Parliament, religious conflict between protestants and roman catholics

Charles 1

Enforced Divine Right. Bring more Absolutist policies to England .Also brought too much Catholic influence. Tried and Executed in 1649 as a "tyrant,traitor, murderer, and public enemy"

Oliver Cromwell

English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I.

John Locke

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.

Montesquieu

French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)

who suspended the penal laws against Catholics and granted acceptance of some protestant dissenters

King James II

What King was forced to sign the Magna Carta

King John

English Bill of Rights

King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.

William and Mary

King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be office-holders.

Charles 11

Known as the 'merry monarch' and rulled during the 'restoration'

Enlightenment Philosophers

Locke and Rousseau

Which King was an example of absolutism

Louis X!V

Who ruled as a virtual dictator

Oliver Cromwell

Louis XIV

This French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France.

James 11

Took the throne in England in 1685 during a time when relations between catholics and protestants were tense

Who were Protestant rulers

William and Mary

state of nature

a condition in which no governments or laws existed at all

Petition of rights

a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing.

Westernization

adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture

John Locke

believed and promoted tabula rasa

Thomas hobbes

believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority

tabula rasa

blank slate

English Civil War

civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I

Peter the Great

czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government

Palace of Versailles

king Louis kept the nobles in the palace to watch them closer

constitution monarchy

king or queen ruled by the laws of the Constitution

Devine Rights of Kings Theory

kings got their rights to rule from God and could not be held accountable for their actions

Louis XIV

known as the sun king

Ideas of the Enlightenment

reason, nature, happiness, progress, liberty

Leviathan

sea monster

Leviathan

something enormous and powerful; a sea monster

divine right of kings

the belief that the authority of kings comes directly from God

Parliament

the lawmaking body of British government

regicide

the murder of a king

Glorious Revolution

the overthrow of King James II of England and replaced by his daughter Mary

Louis XIV

this ruler built a strong army, he created the most powerful nation in Europe, he build a arts culture, he increased trade of French goods

Peter the Great

this ruler created a strong navy, reorganized his nations army to become a great power house and took over control of the Orthodox church

Louis XIV weaknesses

this ruler in France spent lots of money on art and architecture, wars with Spain, Germany, Italy, England and portugal

absolute monarchy strengths

under this type of rule decisions can be made quickly, single ruler

absolute monarch weaknesses

under this type of rule the ruler is vulnerable to making frivolous decisions with no one checking on him, people have no say in how the king does things