MRI Board Review- Pulse Sequences
A single shot FSE sequence is acquired when: a.#PEs = 256 and ETL = 256 b.#PEs = 128 and ETL = 256 c.#PEs = 256 and ETL = 128 d.#PEs = 256 and ETL = 64
a
Dynamic enhanced MRA sequences of the renal arteries are performed with the use of: a.incoherent gradient echoes b.coherent gradient echoes c.steady state gradient echoes d.T2* gradient echoes
a
Gradient echo sequences acquired for the evaluation of hemorrhagic lesions rely on: a.susceptibility b.inhomogeneity c.chemical shift d.aliasing
a
Gradient echo sequences can yield either T1 or T2* characteristics a.true b.false
a
If a given conventional spin echo pulse sequence takes 12 minutes to acquire, a fast spin echo sequence using an ETL of six, with all other factors that affect scan time remaining the same, will take: a.2 min b.1 min c.6 min d.4 min
a
A FLAIR sequence is utilized to suppress the signal from: a.MS plaques b.gadolinium c.fat d.CSF
d
A multi shot FSE sequence is acquired (with four shots) when: a.#PEs = 256 and ETL = 256 b.#PEs = 128 and ETL = 256 c.#PEs = 256 and ETL = 128 d.#PEs = 256 and ETL = 64
d
Gradient echo sequences can yield either T1 or T2* characteristics, with influences caused by all of the following EXCEPT: a.susceptibility b.inhomogeneity c.chemical shift d.aliasing
d
If the pulse sequence shown in Figure C.1 were a fast spin echo sequence, the number of lines of K space filled during each TR period would be: a.4 b.1. c.8 d.2
d
In a balanced GRE acquisition, the contrast weighting is: a.T1 b.T2 c.T2* d.weighted for the ratio of T2/T1
d
In a fast spin echo pulse sequence, if the echo trail length is increased by a factor of four, the scan will be: a.one times as fast b.twice as fast c.three times as fast d.four times as fast
d
In a volume acquisition, the scan time is: a.TR X NSA X BW X thickness b.TR X NSA X phase encodings X slab thickness c.TR X NSA X number of phase encodings X ETL d.TR X NSA X number of phase encodings X number of slices
d
In an imaging acquired with a balance GRE sequence (Figure C.2) all of the following have high signal EXCEPT: a.blood in the left ventricle b.CSF c.IVC d.normal myocardium
d
In the multi echo spin echo sequence shown in Figure C.1, the TOTAL number of images created with a 20 slice sequence will be: a.2 b.4 c.20 d.40
d
Parallel imaging techniques are also known as all of the following EXCEPT: a.SENSE b.SMASH c.GRAPPA d.SAT
d
STIR sequences can suppress the signal from all of the following EXCEPT: a.fat within the bone marrow b.gadolinium enhancing lesions c.retro orbital fat d.fluid (CSF)
d
Scan time for EPI pulse sequences can be calculated by: a.TR X #PEs X NSA b.TR X #PEs X NSA X #slices c.TR X #PEs X NSA/ETL d.TR X #shots X NSA
d
Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences are typically used for the evaluation of all of the following EXCEPT: a.musculoskeletal contusions b.fat suppression c.lesions within the retro-orbital fat d.fluid (CSF)
d
T2 weighted fluid attenuated recovery (FLAIR) sequences are typically used for the evaluation of: a.musculoskeletal contusion b.fat c.retro-orbital fat d.periventricular white matter disease
d
The 180 degree pulse that follows the initial 90 degree pulse in a spin echo sequence will cause the NMR signal to reappear while correcting for: a.slight magnetic field inhomogeneities b.chemical shift c.slight magnetic susceptibility effects d.all of the above
d
When doing an MRV of the superior sagittal sinus, a saturation band should be place ______ to the axial slices: a.anterior b.posterior c.superior d.inferior
d
Which of the following best describes an FSE sequence: a.a 90 degree pulse followed by a 180 degree pulse b.a 180 degree pulse followed by a 90/180 degree combination c.a "train" of gradient echoes d.a "train" of spin echoes
d
In the multi echo spin sequence shown in Figure C.1, the number of LONG TE images created with a 20 slice sequence will be: a.2 b.4. c.20 d.40
c
In which of the following EPI sequences would one expect there to be the least susceptibility artifacts? a.single shot SE-EPI, 256 phase X 256 frequency b.single shot GRE-EPI, 512 phase X 192 frequency c.multi shot (4 shot) SE-EPI, 256 phase X 256 frequency d.single shot SE-EPI, 192 phase X 192 frequency
c
Scan time for 2D FSE pulse sequences can be calculated by: a.TR X #PEs X NSA b.TR X #PEs X NSA X #slices c.TR X #PEs X NSA/ETL d.TR X #shots X NSA
c
The "readout" gradient is also known as the: a.phase b.slice selection c.frequency d.oblique
c
If the TR of a gradient echo pulse sequence is considerably less than the T2 (and T2*), the condition that will exist is known as: a.steady state b.spin dephasing c.spin rephasing d.spin cancellation
a
In a fast spin echo (FSE) sequence, acquired with short effective TE (T1 or PD weighted images), blurring can be reduced by the selection of: a.shorter ETL b.longer ETL c.there is no ETL change that affects blurring d.larger FOV
a
In the multi echo spin echo sequence shown in Figure C.1, the number of images PER SLICE LOCATION created will be: a.2 b.4 c.20 d.40
a
In which of the following sequences would MS plaques appear hyperintense relative to both CSF and normal white matter? a.T2 FLAIR b.T1 FLAIR c.T2 FSE d.T2 FSE with RF fat suppression
a
Scan time for 2D GRE pulse sequences can be calculated by: a.TR X #PEs X NSA b.TR X #PEs X NSA X #slices c.TR X #PEs X NSA/ETL d.TR X #shots X NSA
a
Scan time for 2D IR pulse sequences can be calculated by: a.TR X #PEs X NSA b.TR X #PEs X NSA X #slices c.TR X #PEs X NSA/ETL d.TR X #shots X NSA
a
Scan time for 2D SE pulse sequences can be calculated by: a.TR X #PEs X NSA b.TR X #PEs X NSA X #slices c.TR X #PEs X NSA/ETL d.TR X #shots X NSA
a
To keep scan time at a minimum, diffusion imaging is typically performed with: a.single shot EPI acquisition b.single shot FSE acquisition v.multi shot (two shot) EPI acquisition d.multi shot (four shot) EPI acquisition
a
Which of the following best describes a SE sequence? a.a 90 degree pulse followed by a 180 degree pulse b.a 180 degree pulse followed by a 90/180 degree combination c.a "train" of gradient echoes d.a "train" of spin echoes
a
Which of the following field strengths would require the shortest (lowest) T1 time to suppress/null in signal from fat when acquiring a STIR sequence in an MR exam of the knee? a.0.35 T b.1.0 T c.1.5 T d.3.0 T
a
A gradient echo sequence in which any residual transverse magnetization is removed prior to the next excitation pulse is known as: a.nonphasic b.incoherent/spoiled c.nonresidual d.magnetization prepared
b
A typical inversion recovery (IR) spin echo sequence uses pulses: a.90 degree, 180 degree, and 180 degree b.180 degree, 90 degree, and 180 degree c.5 degree RF pulse c.a or b
b
A typical spin echo (SE) sequence uses pulses: a.90 degree and 90 degree b.90 degree and 180 degree c.180 degree and 180 degree d.180 degree and 90 degree
b
An inversion recovery (IR) spin echo sequence begins with a: a.90 degree RF pulse b.180 degree RF pulse c.45 degree RF pulse d.a or b
b
Gradient echo sequences acquired for high signal from fluid are known as all of the following EXCEPT: a.coherent gradient echoes b.incoherent gradient echoes c.steady state gradient echoes d.T2* gradient echoes
b
If a phase resolution of 256 is desired, then the TR must be repeated (for one NSA): a.192 times b.256 times c.512 times d.twice
b
If one desires to null the signal from a specific tissue using an inversion recovery sequence, one should select an inversion time that is _________ of the T1 relaxation time of that tissue: a.42% b.69% c.80% d.37%
b
In a fast spin echo (FSE) sequence, acquired with long effective TE (T2 weighted images), scan time can be reduced by the selection of: a.shorter ETL b.longer ETL c.there is no ETL change that affects scan time d.larger FOV
b
In a fast spin echo sequence, spatial resolution is associated with the: a.central lines of K space b.high amplitude phase encoding gradients c.low amplitude phase encoding gradients d.first phase encoding steps
b
In the multi echo spin echo sequence shown in Figure C.1, images will be acquired with varying amounts of: a.T1 info b.T2 info c.T2* info d.Proton density (PD) info
b
Phase encoding is performed: a.after frequency encoding b.prior to frequency encoding c.in place of frequency encoding d.during frequency encoding
b
Scan time for "volume" pulse sequences can be calculated by: a.TR X #PEs X NSA b.TR X #PEs X NSA X #slices c.TR X #PEs X NSA/ETL d.TR X #shots X NSA
b
The number of shots is calculated by: a.TR X #PEs b.#PEs/ETL c.ETL/#PEs #PEs X NSA
b
When acquiring an fMRI series to map out the visual cortex, which of the following pulse sequences would be utilized in order to maximize sensitivity to the BOLD effects: a.spin echo EPI b.gradient echo EPI c.fast spin echo with driven equilibrium d.3D spoiled GRE with MTC
b
Which of the following best describes an IR sequence? a.a 90 degree pulse followed by a 180 degree pulse b.a 180 degree pulse followed by a 90/180 degree combination c.a "train" of gradient echoes d.a "train" of spin echoes
b
A typical gradient echo sequence begins with a: a.90 degree RF pulse b.180 degree RF pulse c.alpha pulse that varies with desired image contrast d.alpha pulse below 10 degrees
c
In a fast spin echo sequence, the effective TE is the echo that is performed with the: a.outer views of K space b.high amplitude phase encoding gradients c.low amplitude phase encoding gradients d.first phase encoding steps
c
In the multi echo spin echo sequence shown in Figure C.1, the number of SHORT TE images created with a 20 slice sequence will be: a.2 b.4 c.20 d.40
c
The gradient that is on during the production of the echo is called the: a.phase encoding gradient b.slice select gradient c.frequency encoding gradient/readout gradient d.flow encoding gradient
c
The gradient that is on during the production of the echo is the: a.phase b.slice selection c.frequency d.oblique
c
To produce the echo, a gradient echo pulse sequence uses a: a.gradient magnetic field only b.RF pulse only c. combination of a and b d.switching devices e.a combination of any two RF pulses
c
When a gradient echo sequence is acquired for dynamic contrast-enhancing imaging of the liver, ________ is performed a.an additional 180 degree pulse b.an initial 180 degree pulse c.spoiling d.coherence
c
When doing an MRA of the IVC, a saturation band should be placed ______ to the axial slices: a.anterior b.posterior c.superior d.inferior
c
When doing an MRA of the carotid arteries, a saturation band should be placed _____ to the axial slices: a.anterior b.posterior c.superior d.inferior
c
When doing an MRA of the circle of Willis, a saturation band should be placed _____ to the axial slices: a.anterior b.posterior c.superior d.inferior
c
When parallel imaging techniques are performed, a low resolution ________ scan can be acquired prior to the acquisition: a.test bolus b.filtering scan c.calibration scan d.sat pulse
c
Which of the following best describes an EPI sequence? a.a 90 degree pulse followed by a 180 degree pulse b.a 180 degree pulsed followed by a 90/180 degree combination c.a "train" of gradient echoes d.a "train" of spin echoes
c
