MS FINAL
A medical nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes. The client's medication administration record includes the administration of regular insulin three times daily. Knowing that the client's lunch tray will arrive at 11:45, when should the nurse administer the client's insulin? 10:45 11:15 11:45 11:50
1115
Which of the following clients with type 1 diabetes is most likely to experience adequate glucose control? A client who eliminates carbohydrates from his daily intake A client who skips breakfast when his glucose reading is greater than 220 mg/dL A client who adheres closely to a meal plan and meal schedule A client who never deviates from her prescribed dose of insulin
A client who adheres closely to a meal and meal schedule
The nurse is caring for a client status after a motor vehicle accident. The client has developed AKI. What is the nurse's role in caring for this client? Select all that apply. Providing emotional support for the family Participating in emergency treatment of fluid and electrolyte imbalances Providing nursing care for primary disorder (trauma) Monitoring for complications Directing nutritional interventions
A,B,C,D
A client has received a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The diabetes nurse has made contact with the client and will implement a program of health education. What is the nurse's priority action? Assess the client's readiness to learn. Ensure that the client understands the basic pathophysiology of diabetes. Identify the client's body mass index Teach the client "survival skills" for diabetes.
Assess the clients readiness to learn
A nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) in anticipation of a new admission. The nurse should identify what characteristic aspects of CF? Atelectasis, infection, and eventual COPD Bronchial mucus plugging, infection, and eventual COPD Bronchial mucus plugging, inflammation, and eventual bronchiectasis Alveolar mucus plugging, infection, and eventual bronchiectasis
Brochial mucus plugging, inflammation, and eventual bronchiectasis
An 84-year-old woman diagnosed with cancer is admitted to the oncology unit for surgical treatment. The client has been on chemotherapeutic agents to decrease the tumor size prior to the planned surgery. The nurse caring for the client is aware that what precipitating factors in this client may contribute to AKI? Select all that apply NPO status Chronic systemic disease Age-related physiologic changes Low BMI Anxiety
Chronic systemic disease, age related physiologic changes
The emergency nurse is admitting a client experiencing a GI bleed who is believed to be in the compensatory stage of shock. What assessment finding would be most consistent with the early stage of compensation? Decreased heart rate Increased urine output Hyperactive bowel sounds Cool, clammy skin
Cool clammy skin
The nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of a client who takes a variety of medications for the treatment of hypertension. What potential therapeutic benefits of antihypertensives should the nurse identify? Select all that apply. Decreased blood volume Decreased strength and rate of myocardial contractions Increased venous return Decreased peripheral resistance Decreased blood viscosity
Decreased blood volume, decreased strength and rate of myocardial contractions, decreased peripheral resistance
A client is admitted to the cardiac care unit for an electrophysiology (EP) study. What goal should guide the planning and execution of the client's care? Determine the nursing plan of care. Ablate the area causing the dysrhythmia. Diagnose the dysrhythmias Freeze hypersensitive cells
Diagnose the dysrhythmias
You are the nurse caring for a client who is to receive IV daunorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent. You start the infusion and check the insertion site as per protocol. During your most recent check, you note that the IV has infiltrated so you stop the infusion. What is your main concern with this infiltration? Discomfort to the client Hypersensitivity reaction to the medication Extravasation of the medication Blanching at the site
Extravastion of the medication
An older adult client with type 2 diabetes is brought to the emergency department by his daughter. The client is found to have a blood glucose level of 623 mg/dL. The client's daughter reports that the client recently had a gastrointestinal virus and has been confused for the last 3 hours. The diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is made. What nursing action would be a priority? Administering sodium bicarbonate intravenously Administration of antihypertensive medications Fluid and electrolyte replacement Reversing acidosis by administering insulin
Fluid and electrolyte replacement
A client with ESKD is scheduled to begin hemodialysis. The nurse is working with the client to adapt the client's diet to maximize the therapeutic effect and minimize the risks of complications. The client's diet should include which of the following modifications? Select all that apply. Fluid restriction Vitamin D supplementation Increased potassium intake Decreased sodium intake Decreased protein intake
Fluid restriction, decreased sodium intake, decreased protien intake
In an acute care setting, the nurse is assessing an unstable client. When prioritizing the client's care, the nurse should recognize that the client is at risk for hypovolemic shock in which of the following circumstances? The client experiences tachycardia and a bounding pulse. There is an uncontrolled increase in cardiac output. Fluid volume circulating in the blood vessels decreases. Blood pressure regulation becomes irregular.
Fluid volume circulating in the blood vessels decrease
A student with diabetes tells the school nurse that he is feeling nervous and hungry. The nurse assesses the child and finds he has tachycardia and is diaphoretic with a blood glucose level of 50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L). What should the school nurse administer? Two teaspoons of sugar dissolved in a cup of apple juice A combination of protein and carbohydrates, such as a small cup of yogurt Half of a cup of juice, followed by cheese and crackers Half a sandwich with a protein-based filling
Half of a cup of juice, followed by cheese and crakcers
When planning the care of a client with an implanted pacemaker, what assessment should the nurse prioritize? Oxygen saturation level Heart rate and rhythm Blood pressure Core body temperature
Heart rate and rhythm
A client is brought to the emergency department by the paramedics. The client is a type 2 diabetic and is experiencing HHS. The nurse should identify what components of HHS? Select all that apply Hypernatremia Hyperglycemia Glycosuria Dehydration Leukocytosis
Hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, dehydration
A client has been brought to the emergency department by paramedics after being found unconscious. The client's Medic Alert bracelet indicates that the client has type 1 diabetes and the client's blood glucose is 22 mg/dL (1.2 mmol/L). The nurse should anticipate what intervention IV bolus of 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl IV administration of 50% dextrose in water Subcutaneous administration of 12 to 15 units of regular insulin Subcutaneous administration of 10 units of Humalog
IV adminastration of 50% dextrose in water
A client with long-standing obesity has been prescribed phentermine/topiramate-ER. What statement by the client suggests that further health education is necessary? "It's hard to believe that there are actually medications that can treat obesity." "I'm a bit nervous to start this medication because I know I'll need blood tests sometimes." "I'm going to have to do some rearranging of my finances to make sure I can afford this medication." "I'm so relieved to start this medication. I really don't like having to exercise or change what I eat".
Im so relieved to start this medication. i really dont like having to exercise or change what i eat
The nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock following injuries suffered in a motor vehicle accident. The nurse anticipates that the physician will promptly order the administration of a crystalloid IV solution to restore intravascular volume. In addition to normal saline, which crystalloid fluid is commonly used to treat hypovolemic shock? Albumin Dextran 3% NaCl Lactated Ringer's
Lactated ringers
Which assessment would be most appropriate for a client who is receiving a loop diuretic for HF? Assess the client's vitamin D intake Monitor for hypotension Assess the client for hyperkalemia Monitor liver function studies
Monitor for hypotension
The nurse performing the health interview of a client with a new onset of periorbital edema has completed a genogram, noting the health history of the client's siblings, parents, and grandparents. This assessment addresses the client's risk of what kidney disorder? Acute glomerulonephritis Nephritic syndrome Polycystic kidney disease (PKD Nephrotic syndrome
PKD
A client is postoperative day 3 following the creation of an ileal conduit for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. The client is quickly learning to self-manage the urinary diversion, but expresses concern about the presence of mucus in the urine. What is the nurse's most appropriate response? Obtain a urine sample and check it for pH. Obtain a sterile urine sample and send it for culture. Report this finding promptly to the primary care provider. Reassure the client that this is an expected phenomenon.
Reassure the cleint that this is an expected phennomenon
The nurse is planning the care of a client with HF. The nurse should identify what overall goals of this client's care? Select all that apply. Relieve client symptoms. Prevent endocarditis. Limit physical activity. Improve functional status Extend survival.
Relieve client symptoms, improve functional status, extend survival
A nurse is creating a health promotion intervention focused on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What should the nurse identify as a complication of COPD? Lung cancer Respiratory failure Hemothorax Cystic fibrosis
Respiratory failure
A nurse is planning the care of a client with emphysema who will soon be discharged. What teaching should the nurse prioritize in the plan of care? Taking prophylactic antibiotics as ordered Avoiding airplanes, buses, and other crowded public places Setting realistic short-term and long-range goals Adhering to the treatment regimen in order to cure the disease
Setting realistic short term and long range goals
A nurse in the CCU is caring for a client with HF who has developed an intracardiac thrombus. This creates a high risk for what sequela? Hemorrhage Stroke Myocardial infarction (MI) Peripheral edema
Stroke
A client with type 1 diabetes has told the nurse that his most recent urine test for ketones was positive. What is the nurse's most plausible conclusion based on this assessment finding? The client should withhold his next scheduled dose of insulin. The client's insulin levels are inadequate. The client should promptly eat some protein and carbohydrates. The client would benefit from a dose of metformin (Glucophage).
The client's insulin levels are inadequate.
The nurse is assessing an older adult client with numerous health problems. What assessment datum indicates an increase in the client's risk for heart failure (HF)? The client takes Lasix (furosemide) 20 mg/day The client is an African American man. The client's age is greater than 65. The client's potassium level is 4.7 mEq/L.
The clients age is greater than 65
A client who is in shock is receiving dopamine in addition to IV fluids. What principle should influence the nurse's care planning during the administration of a vasoactive drug? The drug dose should be tapered down once vital signs improve. The client should have arterial blood gases drawn every 10 minutes during treatment. The client should have arterial blood gases drawn every 10 minutes during treatment. The drug should be discontinued immediately after blood pressure increases.
The drug dose should be tapered down once vital signs improve
The nurse is teaching a client about some of the health consequences of uncontrolled hypertension. What health problems should the nurse describe? Select all that apply Right ventricular hypertrophy Transient ischemic attacks Cerebrovascular accident Retinal hemorrhage Venous insufficiency
Transient ischemic attacks, cerebrovascular accident, retinal hemorrhage
A diabetic client calls the clinic complaining of having a "flu bug." The nurse tells him to take his regular dose of insulin. What else should the nurse tell the client? "Ensure that you check your blood glucose every hour." "Make sure to stick to your normal diet." "Try to eat small amounts of carbs, if possible." "For now, check your urine for ketones every 8 hours."
Try to eat small amounts of carbs if possible
A client has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The physician has prescribed an oral antidiabetic agent that will inhibit the production of glucose by the liver and thereby aid in the control of blood glucose. What type of oral antidiabetic agent did the physician prescribe for this client? A sulfonylurea A biguanide An alpha glucosidase inhibitor
a biguanide
A nurse is assessing a client who is suspected of having bronchiectasis. The nurse should consider which of the following potential causes? Select all that apply. Genetic disorders Airway obstruction Atelectasis Pulmonary infections Pulmonary hypertension
airway obstruction, pulmonary infections, genetic disorders
A diabetic nurse is working for the summer at a camp for adolescents with diabetes. When providing information on the prevention and management of hypoglycemia, what action should the nurse promote? Check blood sugar at least every 24 hours. Always carry a form of fast-acting sugar. Eat a meal or snack every 8 hours. Perform exercise prior to eating whenever possible.
always carry a form of fast acting sugar
A diabetes nurse is assessing a client's knowledge of self-care skills. What would be the most appropriate way for the educator to assess the client's knowledge of nutritional therapy in diabetes? Ask the client to describe a typical day's food intake Ask the client to keep a food diary and review it with the nurse. Ask the client's family what he typically eats Ask the client to describe an optimally healthy meal.
ask the cleint to keep a food diary and review it with the nurse
The nurse is preparing to collect an ordered urine sample for urinalysis. The nurse should be aware that this test will include what assessment parameters? Select all that apply. Testing for BUN and creatinine in the client's urine Microscopic examination of urine sediment for casts Testing for the presence of glucose in the client's urine Microscopic examination of urine sediment for RBCs Specific gravity of the client's urine
b,c,d,e
The critical care nurse is caring for a client who is in cardiogenic shock. What assessments must the nurse perform on this client? Select all that apply. Sputum volume Platelet level Cardiac rhythm Fluid status Action of medications
cardiac rhythm, fluid status, action of medications
A 69 year-old client has maintained a consistent diet and activity level throughout adulthood. Over the past few years, however, the client has reported a gradual increase in adipose tissue. When providing health education, the nurse should address what topic? Changes in food cravings that are common in older adults Loss of skeletal muscle with aging Changes in metabolism that accompany the aging process Weight gain as a natural, age-related change.
changes in metabolism that accompany the aging process
A nurse is working with a child who is undergoing a diagnostic workup for suspected asthma. What are the signs and symptoms that are consistent with a diagnosis of asthma? Select all that apply. Crackles Cough Chest tightness Bradypnea Wheezing
chest tightness, wheezing, cough
The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for a client who is being treated for hypertension. What is a measurable client outcome that the nurse should include? Client will reduce Na+ intake to no more than 2.4 g daily. Client will have a stable BUN and serum creatinine levels. Client will maintain a normal body weight. Client will abstain from fat intake and reduce calorie intake.
client will reduce Na+ intake to no more than 2.4g daily
A client converts from normal sinus rhythm at 80 bpm to atrial fibrillation with a ventricular response at 166 bpm. Blood pressure is 162/74 mm Hg. Respiratory rate is 20 breaths per minute with normal chest expansion and clear lungs bilaterally. IV heparin and Cardizem are given. The nurse caring for the client understands that the main goal of treatment is what? Improve oxygenation Decrease SA node conduction Control ventricular heart rate Maintain anticoagulation
control ventricular heart rate
A newly admitted client with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what caused her diabetes. When the nurse is explaining to the client the etiology of type 1 diabetes, what process should the nurse describe "The amount of glucose that your body makes overwhelms your pancreas and decreases your production of insulin." "Damage to your pancreas causes an increase in the amount of glucose that it releases, and there is not enough insulin to control it." "The tissues in your body are resistant to the action of insulin, making the glucose levels in your blood increase." "Destruction of special cells in the pancreas causes a decrease in insulin production. Glucose levels rise because insulin normally breaks it down."
destruction of special cells in the pancreas causes a decrease in insulin production glucose levels rise because insulin normally breaks it down
A newly diagnosed client with hypertension is prescribed Diuril, a thiazide diuretic. What client education should the nurse provide to this client "Diuril increases sodium levels in your blood, so cut down on your salt." "Take over-the-counter potassium pills because Diuril causes your kidneys to lose potassium." "Eat a banana every day because Diuril causes moderate hyperkalemia." "Diuril can cause low blood pressure and dizziness, especially when you get up suddenly."
diuril can cause low BP and dizziness especially when you get up suddenly
A diabetes nurse educator is teaching a group of clients with type 1 diabetes about "sick day rules." What guideline applies to periods of illness in a diabetic client Reduce food intake and insulin doses in times of illness. Eat three substantial meals a day, if possible. Report elevated glucose levels greater than 150 mg/dL Do not eliminate insulin when nauseated and vomiting.
do not eliminate insulin when nauseated and vomiting
The home health nurse is caring for a client who has a comorbidity of hypertension. What assessment question most directly addresses the possibility of worsening hypertension? "Are you eating less salt in your diet?" "Do you ever get chest pain when you exercise?" "How is your energy level these days?" "Do you ever see spots in front of your eyes?"
do you see spots in front of your eyes
The intensive care nurse is responsible for the care of a client with shock. What cardiac signs or symptoms would suggest to the nurse that the client may be experiencing acute organ dysfunction? Select all that apply Exaggerated response to vasoactive medications Mean arterial pressure (MAP) of ˂65 mm Hg Hypotension that responds to bolus fluid resuscitation Drop in systolic blood pressure of 40 mm Hg from baseline. Serum lactate >4 mmol/L
drop in systolic blood pressure of 40mm Hg from baseline, serum lactate >4mmol/L, mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg
A nurse is preparing to assess a new client who has class III obesity. In order to provide empathic and holistic care for this client, the nurse should first: remind himself or herself that obesity is a treatable health problem. seek advice from a colleague who is known to provide empathic care. anticipate having some discomfort or anxiety when assessing the client examine his or her own preconceptions and beliefs about obesity
examine his or her own preconceptions and beliefs about obesity
A client admitted with nephrotic syndrome is being cared for on the medical unit. When writing this client's care plan, based on the major clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome, what nursing diagnosis should the nurse include? Constipation related to immobility Hyperthermia related to the inflammatory process Risk for injury related to altered thought processes Excess fluid volume related to generalized edema
excess fluid volume realted to generalized edema
A nurse is providing health education to an adolescent newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and her family. The nurse teaches the client and family that which of the following nonpharmacologic measures will decrease the body's need for insulin? Low-fat diet Adequate sleep Exercise Low stimulation
exercise
A client has been admitted to the medical unit with a diagnosis of ureteral colic secondary to urolithiasis. When planning the client's admission assessment, the nurse should be aware of which signs and symptoms that are characteristic of this diagnosis? Select all that apply. Urinary frequency Hematuria High fever Acute pain
hematuria, high fever, acute pain
A diabetes educator is teaching a client about type 2 diabetes. The educator recognizes that the client understands the primary treatment for type 2 diabetes when the client states what? "I read that a pancreas transplant will provide a cure for my diabetes." "I will take my oral antidiabetic agents when my morning blood sugar is high." "I will make sure to follow the weight loss plan designed by the dietitian." "I will make sure I call the diabetes educator when I have questions about my insulin."
i will make sure to follow the weight loss plan designed by the dieticain
A client's severe asthma has necessitated the use of a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA). Which of the client's statements suggests a need for further education? "I've heard that this drug sometimes gets less effective over time." "I've heard that this drug is particularly good at preventing asthma attacks during exercise." "I'll make sure to use this each time I feel an asthma attack coming on." "I know that these drugs can sometimes make my heart beat faster."
ill make sure to use this each time i feel an asthma attach coming on
A school nurse is working with a female high school junior whose BMI is 31. When planning this girl's care, the nurse should identify what goal? Possible referral to an eating disorder clinic Increase in daily calorie intake. Continuation of current diet and activity level Increase in exercise and reduction in calorie intake
increase in exercise and reduction in calorie intake
A nurse is caring for a client with COPD. The client's medication regimen has been recently changed and the nurse is assessing for therapeutic effect of a new bronchodilator. What assessment parameters suggest a consequent improvement in respiratory status? Select all that apply. Increased respiratory rate Relief of dyspnea Increased expiratory flow rate Negative sputum culture Increased viscosity of lung secretions
increased expiratory flow rate, relief of dyspnea
An occupational health nurse is screening a group of workers for diabetes. What statement should the nurse interpret as suggestive of diabetes? "No matter how much sleep I get, it seems to take me hours to wake up." "Lately, I drink and drink and can't seem to quench my thirst." "When I went to the washroom the last few days, my urine smelled odd." "I've always been a fan of sweet foods, but lately I'm turned off by them."
lately i drink and drink and cant seem to quench my thirst
You are doing discharge teaching with a client who has hypophosphatemia during his time in hospital. The client has a diet ordered that is high in phosphate. What foods would you teach this client to include in his diet? Select all that apply. Liver Milk Beef Green Vegetables Poultry
liver, milk, poultry
A client with a history of type 1 diabetes has just been admitted to the critical care unit (CCU) for diabetic ketoacidosis. The CCU nurse should prioritize what assessment during the client's initial phase of treatment Maintaining and monitoring the client's fluid balance Assessing the client for signs and symptoms of venous thromboembolism Assessing the client's level of consciousness Monitoring the client for dysrhythmias
maintaining and monitoring the clients fluid balance
A client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is attending a nutrition class. What general guideline would be important to teach the clients at this class? Protein should constitute 30% to 40% of caloric intake Most calories should be derived from carbohydrates. Low fat generally indicates low sugar Animal fats should be eliminated from the diet
most calories should be derived from carbohydrates
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who is being discharged home tomorrow. What is the best way to assess the client's ability to prepare and self-administer insulin? Review the client's first hemoglobin A1C result after discharge. Ask the client to describe the process in detail Observe the client drawing up and administering the insulin Provide a health education session reviewing the main points of insulin delivery.
observe the client drawing up and administering the medication
A nurse is performing a health assessment of a client who has been taking anti-obesity medications for several weeks. During the nurse's gastrointestinal assessment, the client reports bowel movements described as "greasy" and "oily." What medication is the client most likely taking? Liraglutide Lorcaserin. Orlistat Phentermine
orlistat
A nurse is admitting a client who has class III obesity. Inspection reveals that the client's neck and chest have a much larger than usual circumference. What is the nurse's best action? Obtain a prescription for nebulized bronchodilators Perform a focused respiratory assessment Assess for impaired skin integrity Teach the client deep breathing and coughing exercises
perform a focused respiratory assessment
A nurse is teaching basic "survival skills" to a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. What topic should the nurse address? Signs and symptoms of diabetic nephropathy Effects of surgery and pregnancy on blood sugar levels Management of diabetic ketoacidosis Recognition of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
recogintion of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
A client on the critical care unit is postoperative day 1 following kidney transplantation from a living donor. The nurse's most recent assessments indicate that the client is producing copious quantities of dilute urine. What is the nurse's most appropriate response? Assess the client for further signs or symptoms of rejection Administer exogenous antidiuretic hormone as ordered. Inform the primary care provider of this finding. Recognize this as an expected finding.
recognize this as an expected finding
A client with type 2 diabetes achieves adequate glycemic control through diet and exercise. Upon being admitted to the hospital for a cholecystectomy, however, the client has required insulin injections on two occasions. The nurse would identify what likely cause for this short-term change in treatment? Alterations in bile metabolism and release have likely caused hyperglycemia. The client has likely overestimated her ability to control her diabetes using nonpharmacologic measures. The client's volatile fluid balance surrounding surgery has likely caused unstable blood sugars. Stress has likely caused an increase in the client's blood sugar levels
stress has likely caused an increase in the clients blood sugar levels
The most recent blood work of a client with a longstanding diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has shown the presence of microalbuminuria. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? Determine whether the client has been using expired insulin. Teach the client about actions to slow the progression of nephropathy. Ensure that the client receives a comprehensive assessment of liver function. Administer a fluid challenge and have the test repeated.
teach the client about actions to slow the progression of nephropathy
The nurse is caring for a client who had a brush biopsy 12 hours ago. The presence of what assessment finding should prompt the nurse to notify the physician? Infiltration of the client's intravenous catheter Temperature 100.2°F orally Renal colic Scant hematuria
tempature of 100.2 orally
A physician has explained to a client that he has developed diabetic neuropathy in his right foot. Later that day, the client asks the nurse what causes diabetic neuropathy. What would be the nurse's best response? "The cause is not known for sure but it is thought to involve elevated blood glucose levels over a period of years." "Research has shown that diabetic neuropathy is caused by a combination of elevated glucose levels and elevated ketone levels." "Research has shown that diabetic neuropathy is caused by fluctuations in blood sugar that have gone on for years." "The cause is not known for sure but it is thought to have something to do with ketoacidosis."
the cause is not known for sure but it is thought to involve elevated blood glucose levels over a period of years
A nurse who provides care in a campus medical clinic is performing an assessment of a 21-year-old student who has presented for care. After assessment, the nurse determines that the client has a BMI of 45. What does this indicate? The client is extremely obese. The client is overweight. The client is of normal weight. The client is mildly obese
the client is extremly obese
A 28-year-old pregnant woman is spilling sugar in her urine. The physician orders a glucose tolerance test, which reveals gestational diabetes. The client is shocked by the diagnosis, stating that she is conscientious about her health, and asks the nurse what causes gestational diabetes. The nurse should explain that gestational diabetes is a result of what etiologic factor? Increased caloric intake during the first trimester The effects of hormonal changes during pregnancy Overconsumption of carbohydrates during the first two trimesters Changes in osmolality and fluid balance
the effects of hormonal changes during pregnancy
The nurse is discussing macrovascular complications of diabetes with a client. The nurse would address what topic during this dialogue The need for frequent eye examinations for clients with diabetes The fact that clients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction The relationship between kidney function and blood glucose levels The need to monitor urine for the presence of albumin
the fact that clients with diabetes have an elevated risk of myocardial infarction
A 73-year-old man comes into the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet in his home. The client fell on his hip with a resultant fracture. He is alert and oriented; his pupils are equal and reactive to light and accommodation. His heart rate is elevated, he is anxious and thirsty, a Foley catheter is placed, and 40 mL of urine is present. What is the nurse's most likely explanation for the low urine output? The man urinated prior to his arrival to the ED and will probably not need to have the Foley catheter kept in place. The man is having a sympathetic reaction, which has stimulated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that results in diminished urine output. The man likely has a traumatic brain injury, lacks antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and needs vasopressin The man is experiencing symptoms of heart failure and is releasing atrial natriuretic peptide that results in decreased urine output
the man is having a sympatheitc reaction, which has stimulated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that results in diminshed urine output
A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes for the presence of peripheral neuropathy. The nurse should question the client about what sign or symptom that would suggest the possible development of peripheral neuropathy? Persistently cold feet The presence of a tingling sensation Acute pain, unrelieved by rest Pain that does not respond to analgesia
the presence of a tingling sensation
