Muscular system REVIEW

The deltoid acts to

abduct arm

which filament is a thin twisted protein that contains specific active sites?

actin

Myofibrils are made primarily of __________.

actin and myosin

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from

actin and myosin arrangement on the sarcomere

Which of the following terms is a descriptive word for a muscle's action?

adductor

What type of endurance is gained from preforming increased amounts of brief, intense workouts. Such as sprinting or weightlifting

anaerobic endurance

what is the indicated structure? (abs)

aponeruosis

A skeletal muscle that is not regularly stimulated by a motor neuron will become smaller and weaker; such as in those individuals that are paralyzed by spinal injuries. The term used when this occurs to the muscles is _______________.

atrophy

the muscle that flexes the knee

biceps femoris

Choose the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring group ?

biceps femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus

Rigor mortis occurs at death due to a lack of

blood circulation to move Calcium ions out of the cell.

In infants, which muscle produces suction for suckling at the breast ?

buccinator

The muscle that compresses the cheeks, as when pursing the lips and blowing forcefully, is the

buccinator

Specific name for the plasma membrane of the myofiber.

sarcolemma

The area between the Z lines is the _________.

sarcomere

What muscle types guard the entrance and exits of the body ?

sphincters

Which of the following acts to flex the neck?

sternocleidomastoid

which muscle extends the elbow during the action of push-ups?

triceps brachii

At rest, active sites of the actin are covered by

tropomyosin

_________ moves away from the active sites.

tropomyosin

Muscles dominated by fast fibers appear _________.

white

Which of the following is characteristic of cardiac muscle?

Cardiac muscle cells are involuntary

Which of the following describes the action of the trapezius?

elevates, adducts, depresses, or rotates the scapula

"anaerobic endurance"

endurance can be improved by preforming frequent, brief, intense workouts

A layer of collagen fibers that surrounds an entire muscle is called ________.

epimysium

The following describes _______ type of skeletal muscle fibers. - Produce powerful contractions - Fatigue rapidly - Few mitocondria

fast

A muscle _________ contains a sarcolemma, sacroplasm and myofibrils

fiber

The origin of the soleus is _________ and the insertion is _________.

fibula/tibia; calcaneus

which of the following muscles acts to flex the finger joints and wrist?

flexor digitorum

Match the muscle name with the corresponding muscle

1. A - Pectoralis major 2. B - Trapezius 3. C - Rectus femoris

match the letter on the diagram with the correct structure name

1. A tendon 2. B epimysium 3. E perimysium 4. D endomysium

Match the following terms correctly

1. Actin - thin filament 2. Myosin - thick filament 3. Tendon - attach muscle to bone 4. Aponeruosis - attach muscle to muscle (in some areas)

Match the word with the definition

1. Aponeruosis - A broad sheet of collagen fibers that connects muscles to each other. Similar to bones, but do not connect to a bone. 2. Tendon - Connective tissue that attach muscle to a bone 3. Diaphragm - Muscle used for inhalation for breath

Match the origin with the muscle's name

1. Buccinator - Maxillary/Mandible 2. Diagastric - Temporal bone/Mandible 3. Internal intercostals - Superior border of the preceding rib 4. Deltoid - Clavicle/scapula 5. Flexor carpi ulnaris - Humerus/ulna 6. Tensor fasciae latae - Ilium 7. Biceps femoris - Femur 8. Soleus - Fibula/tibia 9. Trapezius - Thoracic vertebrae

match the insertion with the name of the muscle

1. External intercostals - superior border next to the rib 2. Masseter -Mandible 3. Latissimus dorsi - Humerus 4. Biceps brachii - radius 5. Flexor carpi radialis - metacarpal 6. Sternocleidmastoid - mastoid of skull 7. Tibialis anterior - flexion at ankle

watch the agonist/antagonist muscle pairs

1. Latissimus dorsi - deltoid 2. Biceps brachii - triceps brachii 3. External intercostals - internal intercostals 4. Diagastric - masseter 5. Pectoralis major - supraspinatus 6. Tensor fasciae latae - gluteus maximus 7. Tibialis anterior - gastrocnemius

Match the muscle with its action from the list below.

1. rectus femoris - extends leg at the knee 2. biceps femoris - flexes leg at the knee 3. gastrocnemius - extension at the ankle 4. masseter - elevates the mandible

Label the muscles

1. semitendinosus 2. latissimus dorsi 3. gluteus maximus 4. deltoid 5. triceps brachii 6. gastrocnemius

How do skeletal muscles produce movement ?

By pulling on tendons that then moves bones.

After a contraction, the sarcomere will return to a resting state; which is

Calcium ions deplete and troponin confirmation returns

Which muscle has an action of hip extension.

Gluteus maximus

Which statement regarding "heat loss" is true?

Muscle contractions play an important role in the maintenance of normal body temperature.

Which of the following statements describes how muscles help maintain homeostasis?

Skeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature.

Which statement regarding skeletal muscle is true?

Skeletal muscles contain blood vessels.

_________________ is the abductor of the shoulder

Supraspinatus

________ allows for electrical stimuli sent from the brain, to reach deep into each fiber

T tubules

Which of the following is an effect of aging on the muscular system?

Tolerance for exercise decreases.

What creates "cross-bridges"

When the myosin heads bind to the active sites

What is the name of the areas circled in black ?

Z lines

Active muscles generate ________.

carbon dioxide and heat

after death, rigor mortis lasts until

decomposition begins

The muscle that adducts the shoulder is the

deltoid

The supraspinatus assists the ______________ muscle.

deltoid

which of the following muscles is named for its shape?

deltoid

Muscle used for inhalation of breath

diaphragm

Consider the Sliding Filament Theory: Observed changes in the sarcomere. Which band or line gets smaller during a muscle contraction ?

l band

which of the following is a muscle that originates from the zygomatic arch and functions in elevating the mandible?

masseter

muscles whose names contain the root cervi- would be found in the

neck

The less-movable end of a skeletal muscle is the

origin

A sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of striated muscle fibers is called __________.

perimysium

An Olympic long distance marathon winner most likely has an increase number of ________ muscle fibers.

slow

The following describes ___________ fibers. - Contains increased amount of capillary networks, providing oxygen - Contain a red pigment called myoaglobin - Contain oxygen reserves - Contain a relatively larger number of mitochondria than do fast muscle fibers

slow

A person whose genetic makeup makes him or her a better marathon runner than a sprinter probably has more __________ in his or her leg muscles.

slow fibers

non-striated, involuntary muscle is _______.

smooth

The muscle that inserts with the gastrocnemius to the calcaneus, via the calcaneal tendon, is the

soleus

skeletal muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that these muscle fibers

the name of the cytoplasm is sarcoplasm in the muscle cell

Name the highlighted muscle

trapezius

Which muscle inserts on the clavicle and scapula?

trapezius