Music of the Baroque Era - Ch. 17

T or F: Although vocal and instrumental music of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was notated simply, a performer was expected to add ornaments.

TRUE

Reinhard Keiser

The foremost and most prolific composer of early German operas

You discover a piece by Buxtehude that alternates between free sections and contrapuntal ones based on a variety of subjects. It is most likely what type of piece?

toccata

The overarching form for a da capo aria is __________________________.

A B A

orchestral suite

A result of the German effort to introduce the high standards of performance as found in Lully's French musical style

sonata da camera

A series of stylized dances, often beginning with a prelude, for entertainment

orchestral concerto

A work in several movements that emphases the first violin part and the bass; more homophonic than contrapuntal

The trio and solo sonatas of __________________________ represent the crowning achievement in Italian chamber music of the late seventeenth century.

Arcangelo Corelli

Who was not a leading vocal composer in Italy?

Arcangelo Corelli

The phrases below describe three approaches to constructing a __________________________. •Each phrase of the melody serves in turn as the subject of a point of imitation. •Phrases appear in turn in long notes, usually in the top voice. The beginning of each phrase is preceded by a brief imitative development of it in the other voices. •An ornamented version of the melody appears in the top voice. The accompanying voices are free and exhibit variety.

Chorale Preludes

Vocal music's influence on instrumental music can be traced through which organ compositions?

Chorales

sonata da chiesa

Contains multiple movements, often including one or more using binary form; could be used during worship services

T or F: German music in the seventeenth century was uninfluenced by other countries.

FALSE

T or F: Most church trio sonatas consist of three movements.

FALSE

T or F: The musical language of Alessandro Scarlatti became the basis of Rameau's rules of functional tonality.

FALSE

T or F: The sonata helped to establish the orchestra as the leading instrumental ensemble.

FALSE

The three-part texture of a trio sonata typically called for how many instruments?

FOUR

You find a review in a north German newspaper from 1710 of a popular Italian opera. The composer of this opera was probably • French • Austrian • Spanish • German • Danish

German

Which word describes the "Great organ" or "main group" of a Baroque organ that sits high above the player?

Hauptwerk

You discover a solo violin sonata from Salzburg that uses the technique of scordatura. Who likely composed it?

Heinrich Biber

Georg Muffat

Introduced Corelli's and Lully's styles to Germany

Tomaso Albinoni

Introduced the three-movement (fast-slow-fast) plan to the concerto

German opera composers occasionally made use of • German airs and French dance rhythms • Italian dance rhythms and French recitative style • Italian recitative style and French dance rhythms • French airs and Italian dance rhythms • German dance rhythms and French recitative style

Italian recitative style and French dance rhythms

The keyboard sonatas of __________________________ helped establish the genre of sonata as more than strictly ensemble music.

Johann Kuhnau

What was the leading vocal genre in Italy in the late seventeenth century?

Opera

__________________________ served as a substitute for opera during Lent or at other seasons when the theaters were closed.

Oratorios

What are two kinds of concertos composers were writing by 1700?

Orchestral Concerto and Concerto Grosso

Antonio Stradivari

Prominent instrument-maker during the late 1600s

Dieterich Buxtehude

Renowned German organist, composer of organ music and sacred vocal works

trio sonata

Scored for two treble instruments with basso continuo

The position of __________________________, meaning "town pipers," is evidence of cities and churches supporting music.

Stadtpfeifer

T or F: Buxtehude' s toccatas are noted for displaying the organ' s idiomatic qualities.

TRUE

T or F: Church services often included instrumental ensemble music.

TRUE

T or F: Froberger helped establish the allemande, courante, sarabande, and gigue as standard components of dance suites.

TRUE

T or F: Fugues were written as both independent pieces and as sections within pieces.

TRUE

T or F: The political splintering of northern Italy bred musical strength.

TRUE

Longer forms in instrumental music became possible due to which musical advancement by Corelli in the second half of the seventeenth century?

Tonality

What was one cultural reason for the establishment of a collegium musicum?

amateur music-making was a prominent part of social life

Most cantatas were written for solo voice with __________________________ as accompaniment, though some featured two or more voices.

continuo

By the 1690s, cantatas were comprised of • one continuous aria with varying sections • contrasting recitatives and arias • mostly recitative and narration • similar recitatives and arias • many short and contrasting sections

contrasting recitatives and arias

You discover a new cantata by Scarlatti. It probably incorporates which form?

da capo

At the end of the seventeenth century, composers of Italian music in all genres did not strive to make their music

encourage audience participation

One purpose of the da capo aria was to

express a sentiment or emotion

Why was Corelli called the first major composer whose reputation rested exclusively on instrumental music?

he developed sonata forms and the progression of functional harmony in instrumental music

What is one way Roman and Italian concerto practices differed?

in Roman practice the orchestra was an expansion of the concertino, while in Italy the soloists were adjuncts to the orchestra

Although opera continued to be the leading genre of music in the late 1600s, today the best known Italian and German music from this time period is primarily __________________________, not vocal.

instrumental or works for strings and organ

Stadtpfeifer encouraged entire families to make music their trade because

jobs were typically won through auditions or family connections

Which of the following does not contribute to the improvisatory feel of the free section of toccatas?

regular use of repeated figuration

Define walking bass. In what type of seventeenth-century piece are we likely to hear this technique?

steadily moving eighth notes; trio sonatas

What international practice(s) influenced the building of seventeenth and eighteenth-century German organs?

the Dutch practice of dividing the pipes into groups, and the French practice of using stops to allow for solo and contrapuntal lines KNOW FULL ANSWER

How did the sacred concerto develop in Orthodox Lutheran centers?

the concerted vocal ensemble, the solo aria, and the chorale came together

What attracted an audience and thus largely determined the success of an opera production?

the performers

The superior craftsmanship of Italian-made string instruments contributed to • the public demand for operas and oratorios • the development of the serenata genre • the rise of the sonata and the instrumental concerto • Scarlatti's composing of over six hundred cantatas • the use of ornamentation found in all genres

the rise of the sonata and the instrumental concerto

How were instrumental concertos and sonatas related?

they served many of the same cultural and musical purposes

Librettists responded to the public's desire for opera arias by • creating disjunct and choppy verses • choosing popular stories for the verses • structuring the libretto as mostly dialogue • writing verses in poetic meters and forms • devising forms without repeated lines of text

writing verses in poetic meters and forms