NATIONAL CURRICULUM GUIDELINES
Persuasive texts /pərˈsweɪsɪv/ / tɛksts/
A genre of writing that attempts to convince readers to embrace a particular point of view. Ex: Essays are persuasive texts.
Personal domain /ˈpɜrsɪnɪl/ / doʊˈmeɪn/
It comprises family relations and individual social practices. Ex: A personal domain registration contains your personal information.
Educational background /ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl/ / ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
It includes issues related to school and instruction like curricular, subjects, classroom equipment, and educational roles. Ex: Classroom equipment is neccesary in learning process.
Linguistic competence /lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk/ / ˈkɑmpətɪns /
It includes lexical, phonological, syntactical knowledge and skills and other dimensions of language as a system. Ex: Vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar are part of linguistic competence.
Vocational domain /voʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
It is also called "occupational domain". It embraces everything concerned with people's activities and relations in the exercise of their occupations. Ex: The vocational domain of my father is teaching children.
Circumlocutions /Circumlocutions/
It is an indirect way of expressing something. Ex: She cried until she got what she wanted.
Pragmatic competence /prægˈmætɪk/ /ˈkɒmpɪtəns /
It is concerned with the functional use of linguistic resources. Ex: inviting : would you like to go to the party with me?
Educational domain /ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl/ / doʊˈmeɪn/
It is concerned with the learning context where the aim is to acquire specific knowledge or skills. Ex: John knows the names of all the objects in a classroom.
Communicate effectively /kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt/ / ɪˈfɛktɪvli /
It is negotiating conversations and expressing thoughts on more abstract, cultural topics as well as explaining differences among cultures. Ex: Students have to communicate effectively with their teachers in order to have a good learning process.
Backtracking /ˈbækˌtrækɪŋ /
It is returning to a previous point or subject, as in a discussion or lecture. Ex: The teacher returns to the backtracking of the class.
Functions /ˈfʌŋkʃənz /
The purpose for which an utterance or unit of language is used. Ex: Inviting: Would you like to go to the mall Saturday night?
Components /kəmˈpoʊnənts /
There are 3 components of language learning: linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic components. They comprise and are activated through the development of the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). Ex: The lisnguistic component includes the study of phonology.
Informational texts /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən(ə)l/ / tɛksts /
They are texts designed to convery information about something rather than to tell or advance a narrative.They are characterized by the following features: (1) their primary purpose is to convey factual information about the natural and social world, (2) they typically address whole classes of things in a timeless way and (3) they come in many different formats Ex: Books, magazines, handouts, brochures, CD rooms and the internet contain informational texts.
Transactional texts /trænˈzækʃən(ə)l/ / tɛksts /
They are texts that serve for communication of ideas and information between individuals. Ex:Business letters, friendly emails and interviews are clear examples of transactional texts.
Expository texts /Expository/ /tɛksts/
They inform, describe or explain something and include autobiographies, short descriptions, media articles. Ex: Ana Frank's diary is an expository text.
Salient politeness conventions /ˈseɪliənt/ / pəˈlaɪtnəs/ /kənˈvɛnʃənz/
This affects everyday life, living conditions, interpersonal relations, and major values and attitudes. Ex: Salient politeness conventions affect people's lives.
Real time /riəl/ / taɪm /
This calculation has been made considering the 200 annual hours devoted to the teaching of English, a deduction of 20 hours for testing, and an additional deduction of 60 hours thus giving us the real teaching time of 120 hours. Ex: Teacher-student relationships develop from real-time teacher-student interactions.
Identify relevant information /aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ/ / ˈrɛləvənt/ / ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/
This may involve determining the audience for whom the text was produced and the attitudes and communicative intentions of the author. Ex: I learn to identify relevant information to write summaries.
B1 language proficiency level /bi1// ˈlæŋgwəʤ/ / prəˈfɪʃənsi/ / ˈlɛvəl /
B1 language proficiency level implies that learners will become independent users of the language who have come across most of the basic structures and lexis of the language. Also, they have acquired a degree of fluency and comprehension of some general authentic English. Ex: She studied 3 years English language and acquired B1 language proficiency level.
Jumpiness /ˈʤʌmpɪnəs /
Hesitation and nervousness .Ex: The jumpiness is an obstacle to learn a language.
Independent users of English /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt / /ˈjuzərz/ / ɑv / /ˈɪŋglɪʃ/
Independent users of English are able to carry on most conversations, write comprehensibly, make clear arguments or explanations. Also, they are able to read grade level texts and discuss them orally. Ex: Ana is an independent user of English. She studied 5 years English language.
Personal background /ˈpɜrsɪnɪl/ / ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
It includes personal identification; house, home, and environment; daily life; free time and entertainment; and relations with other people. Ex: Teachers must know their student's personal background.
Social background /ˈsoʊʃəl/ / ˈbækˌgraʊnd/
It includes public entertainment, travel, health and body care, shopping, food and drink, and services. Ex: Public entertainment includes parks and discoteques.
Narrative texts /ˈnærətɪv/ /tɛksts /
It is a genre of writing that entertains or tells a story with text types that include personal narratives. Ex: Fables are narrative texts.
Procedural texts /prəˈsiʤərəl/ /tɛksts/
It is a genre of writing that explains the instructions or directions to complete a task with text types that include recipes and 'how to' instructions. Ex: The instructions for using a vending machine.
Lightbown & Spada /Lightbown/ / ˈspɑdə /
It is a method that define what are the students' skills needed at a specific level. Ex: Lightbown & Spada method is used in Cambridge University to evaluate the development of their students.
Referential questions /Referential// ˈkwɛsʧənz/
It is a question which asks for information which is not known to the teacher. Ex: What is your town like?
Display question /dɪˈspleɪ/ / ˈkwɛsʧən/
It is a question which is not a real question, but which serves to elicit language practice Ex: Is this a book? Yes, it's a book.
Dead ends /dɛd / /ɛndz/
It is a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible. Ex: He reached an impasse on the negotiations.
Repair /rɪˈpɛr/
It is a term for ways in which errors, unintended forms, or misunderstandings are corrected by speakers or others during conversation. Ex: I have a, uhm...what do you call it... pencil case (self-initiated repair).
Communicative language competence /kəmˈjunəkətɪv / /ˈlæŋgwəʤ/ / ˈkɑmpətɪns/
It is the knowledge of not only if something is formally possible in a language, but also whether it is feasible, appropriate, or done in a particular speech community. Ex: People who live in Ecuador speak Spanish.
Public domain /ˈpʌblɪk/ /doʊˈmeɪn/
It refers to everything connected with ordinary social interaction like public services, cultural and leisure activities of public nature, and relations with the media. Ex: Banks provide public serves and have public domain.
Sociolinguistic competence /Sociolinguistic/ /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/
It refers to the sociocultural conditions of language use.Ex: Rules of politeness are part of sociolinguistic competence.
Persuasive essays /pərˈsweɪsɪv/ /ɛˈseɪz/
It tries to convince others to agree with our facts, share our values, accept our argument or conclusions and adopt our way of thinking. Ex: This essay want to persuade people to stop smoking.
Lingua franca /ˈlɪŋgwə ˈfræŋkə /
It's a language that is used among people who speak various different languages. Ex: English is used as a lingua franca among many airline pilots.
Exponents /ɛksˈpəʊnənts /
Language items needed for functions or speech acts such as identifying, describing, inviting, offering, etc. Ex: My mother is a beautiful and intelligent woman.
Neutral register /ˈnjuːtrəl/ /ˈrɛʤɪstə /
Neutral register refers to language that is neither too formal nor too informal and is more generally applicable in a variety of situations. Ex: Can you tell me the time, please?
Realistic fiction /ˌriəˈlɪstɪk / /ˈfɪkʃən/
Stories based on characters, settings, problems, events, and solutions that could happen in real life.Ex: Ana Frank's diary is a realistic fiction book.