Sociology Final
Which woman made a mark as an early sociologist by studying the evils of slavery and also translating the writings of Auguste Comte?
Harriet Martineau
Which early sociologist claimed that the important task was not to simply understand society but to change it?
Karl Marx
Which U.S sociologist studied the African American community and served as a founding member f the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People?
W.E.B Du Bois
The early U.S. sociologist who earned the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color was?
W.E.B. Du Bois
According to Comte, during the middle ages most people in Europe thought of society as?
an expression of God's will
The cultural values that largely define a culture?
are sometimes in conflict with one another
Which of the following concepts refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily taken on later in life?
ascribed status
Learning more about other societies helps us....
better understand our own way of life
Making use of the sociological perspective encourages?
challenging commonly held beliefs
Which of the following was NOT the focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's development in moral reasoning?
cognition
Culture is a source of human freedom because:
cultural creatures must make and remake the world for themselves
The concept "counterculture" refers to:
cultural patterns that oppose this that are widely held
The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as:
dramaturgical analysis
Which of the following play a part in creating a global culture?
flow of goods, flow of information, flow of people
It is correct to say that the development of more complex technology:
has both positive and negative effects
In terms of human freedom, the chapter on socialization leads to the conclusion that:
humans are spontaneous/creative, humans are affected by society but also act back on society, humans can never be completely free of society
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as?
manifest functions
Which of the following concepts refers to a status that has very great importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life?
master status
The Harlow experiments to discover the effects of social isolation on rhesus monkeys showed that:
monkeys isolated for as little as six months were permanently damaged
According to Comte, which of the following is a way of understanding the world based on science?
positivism
Which is the best example of a manifest function of sports?
providing people with recreation and physical conditioning
Norms are?
rules defining appropriate behavior
According to George Herbert Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these important people as:
significant others
The Thomas theorem states that:
situations defined as real are real in their consequences
Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society. What concept refers to these negative consequences?
social dysfunction
Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?
sociology
Which theoretical approach highlights the fact that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as the meaning they attach to their behavior?
symbolic-interaction approach
Gerhard Lenski focused on which of the following factors as having great power to shape a society?
technology
George Herbert Mead considered the self to be:
the part of an individuals personality composed of self-awareness and self-image
What did not stimulate the development of the discipline of sociology?
the spread of the Roman Catholic church
Which of the following is not a dimension of culture?
value
About how many adults in the US speak a language other than english at home?
47 million
Who was the pioneering sociologist who founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and who was awarded the Nobel Piece Prize?
Jane Addams
Science can be defined as?
a logical system that bases knowledge on direct. systematic observation
Human guide to reality is determined by:
command of language
The three role strains indicate:
complete role conformity is impossible
The concept "subculture" refers to?
cultural patterns that set apart a segment of society's population
What is the term for beliefs, values, behaviors, and material objects that together constitute a people's way of life?
culture
Sociologists use the concept "empirical evidence" to refer to?
information people can verify with their senses
The concept "ethnocentrism" refers to:
judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
Keeping young people off the streets would be a _____ of sports?
latent function
Unrecognized and unintended consequences of the social structure are called?
latent functions
Based on both the Harlows' research with monkeys, and the case of Anna the isolated child, one might reasonably conclude that:
long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans
_____ distinguish between right and wrong; ____ distinguish between polite and rude?
mores, folkways
Culture acts as a constraint on human freedom because:
much culture is habit and is repeated again and again
The ideal of objectivity means that a researcher?
must strive to be personally neutral about the outcome of the research
Family is important to the socialization process because:
parents greatly affect a child's self concept, families give children social identity in therms of class/ethnicity/religion, family members are often what Mead called "significant others"
Cultural transmission refers to the process of ?
passing cultural patterns from one generation to another
All around the world, what we find everywhere is?
people creating cultural systems
When Charles Horton Cooley used the term "looking-glass self," he was referring to the fact that:
people see themselves as they think others see them
Which of the following statements comes closest to describing Erik H. Erikson's view of socialization?
personality develops over the entire life course in patterned ways
Sociologist use which of the following concepts to refer to the behavior people expect of someone who holds a particular status?
role
Which of the following concepts refer to conflict among roles corresponding to two or more status?
role conflict
Which of the following concepts refers to the process by which people disengage from important social roles?
role exit
What is the term for the tension among roles connected to a single status?
role strain
Learning more about sociology helps us to?
see constraints in our lives, see the opportunities in our lives, be more active participants in society
All three role strains are resolved by ___ and ____?
setting priorities and planning
Taken together, the cases of Anna and Genie provide strong evidence that:
social experience has a crucial role in forming human personality
The process by which people act and react in relation to others, is:
social interaction
Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?
socialization
Which of the following concepts define who and what we are in relation to others?
status
The theoretical approach in sociology that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the?
structural-functional approach
The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is?
the reality people construct as they interact with one another
The "framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change" is which of the following?
the social-conflict theory
Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called?
values
Studying the meaning people attach to their everyday lives is the search for>
verstehen
The tragic case of Anna, the isolated girl studied by Kingsley Davis, shows that:
without social experience, a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action
