Networking and Internet Technology Midterm Study Guide

The TCP/IP protocol suite that is widely used today corresponds to a model that contains how many layers? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 4

A. 5

What character set in use today is the most common format for English-language text files? A. ASCII B. Unicode C. IRA D. UTF-8

A. ASCII

Changing IPv4 to IPv6 is easy as it only requires a change to one part of the internet. True or False?

False

An organization usually buys an expensive router that connects all networks and can then upgrade it when the capacity is exceeded. True or False?

False

As data passes down through the protocol layers on the sending computer, postage is added. True or False?

False

Business managers are concerned with whether a network has the required availability to handle traffic with acceptable reliability at an affordable cost. (True or False)

False

A pair of protocols in adjacent layers pass a pointer to the packet rather than create a new copy. True or False?

True

In terms of the client-server model, a browser is a client that extracts a server name from a URL and contacts the server. True or False?

True

In the client-server paradigm, the server software waits passively for contact, while the client software actively initiates contact. True or False?

True

Industry experts estimate that approximately 15 petabytes of new electronic data are created every day, much of this the result of huge growth in video, image, audio, and social media data. True or false?

True

The MIME standard encodes non-text attachments as printable characters. True or False?

True

A communication mechanism with a dedicated path between two endpoints with guaranteed isolation is called circuit switching. True or False?

False

An application-layer protocol that is intended to be used across the internet and implemented by many programmers and companies is known as a public service. True or False?

False

A key benefit of IP network convergence is: (select all that apply) A. Cost Savings B. Transformation C. Reduce Cycle Time D. Effectiveness

A (Cost Savings), B (Transformation), D (Effectiveness)

There are several key distinctions between LANs and WANs: (Select all that apply) A. Data Rates B. Geographic Scope C. Ownership of Communications Equipment D. Packet Switching

A (Data Rates), B (Geographic Scope), C (Ownership of Communications Equipment)

Business Rationale for adoption of cloud computing includes: (Pick All that match) A. Pay-as-you-grow computing B. Improved business process execution C. Reduced Travel Expenses D. Reduced on-premises network expenses E. Increased agility and flexibility

A (Pay-as-you-grow computing), D (Reduced on-premises network expenses), E (Increased agility and flexibility)

The factors have consistently driven the architecture and evolution of data communications and networking: (Pick All that match) A. Traffic Growth B. Database Access C. New Services D. Voice E. Technological Advancements

A (Traffic Growth) , C (New Services), E (Technological Advancements)

The four major types of information carried over business networks are: (Select all that apply) A. Voice B. Video C. News D. Image E. Data

A (Voice), B (Video), D (Image), E (Data)

Network technologies are created to meet various requirements for which of the following? A. Economic Cost B. Internetworking C. Distance D. Speed

A Economic, C Distance, D Speed

What is a "small pack of data"?

A packet

As the Internet experienced exponential growth over the past 25 years, it changed in the following ways? A. Focus on new applications B. Increase in communication speeds C. Increased demand for shared resources

A, B

Which of the following statements are TRUE about bit/byte stuffing? A. It allows for sequences of bits to be reserved for marking the beginning and end of the frame. B. Once completed, it ensures the reserved characters do not appear in the payload. C. Once used, the receiving end reverses the changes automatically. D. It replaced binary characters with Hexadecimal. E. It replaced SOH with EOT to mark the beginning and end of the frame.

A, B, C

Desktop systems in the workplace are typically interconnected to: (Select all that apply) A. Server Rooms B. Data Center C. Storage Technologies D. Data Communication Equipment E. Servers F. Communication Closets

A, B, C, D, E, F (All of them)

Which of the following accurately describe the simple mail transfer protocol? A. Sends one copy of a message B. Transfer text messages and images C. Uses textual control messages D. Uses stream paradigm

A, B, D

In a three-tier/client server architecture, which of the following types of machines are found? A. Middle-tier/gateway server B. Client/user machine C. Database Server D. DBMS E. Backend Server

A, B, E

Which of the following statements describe a connection-oriented interaction? A. A pair of applications requests a connection B. Each message limited to 64 kbytes C. The pair uses the connection to exchange data

A, C

Which of the following could be a host? (look up the product if you are unsure of the features) A. GE Profile Series 30 B. CM Storm Mizer C. Sonos Play 5: Speakers D. Titan Supercomputer E. Apple iPhone 6 Plus F. Acer Monitor G. Samsung 4k smart TV H. Dell Minitower I. Jawbone Bluetooth

A, C, D, E, G, H, I

What approximate data rate would be required, without compression, to send a resolution of 360x250 pixels with an 8-bit gray-scale color palette? A. 25 mbs B. 125 mbs C. 10 mbs D. 25 mbs

A. 25 mbs

Typical components of UC architecture include: (select all that apply) A. Audio Conferencing B. Presence C. Videoconferencing D. Unified Messaging E. Instant Messaging F. Web Conferencing

A. Audio Conferencing B. Presence C. Videoconferencing D. Unified Messaging E. Instant Messaging F. Web Conferencing (All of them)

The number of computers, terminals and mobile devices used around the world is in the: A. Billions B. Hundreds C. Millions D. Thousands

A. Billions

If only 1 server provides a given service, the network connection that connects the server to the internet can become which of the following? A. Bottleneck B. Terminal C. Broadcast

A. Bottleneck

Examples of representation standards include which of the following? A. HTML B. HTTP C. URL

A. HTML , C. URL

Internet Corporation for assigned names and numbers (ICANN) is the ultimate authority for all prefixes ensuring their individuality assignment and tot adjudicate disputes. However, it is the registrars that assigns prefixes directly through large blocks assigned to major_______? A. ISPs B. Governments C. Corporations

A. ISPs

In 1980, the internet was a research project that involved which of the following? A. Less than 100 sites B. 100-1000 sites C. 1000+ sites

A. Less than 100 sites

Data communications is the study of using physical phenomena to transfer information across a physical communication _____? A. Medium B. Portal C. Broadcast

A. Medium

Which of the following incompatibilities prevent two networks from simply being directly connected (bridged)? A. Network Hardware (Layer 1) B. Operating Systems/ Applications (Layer 5) C. Frames (Layer 2) D. Addresses (Layer 3)

A. Network Hardware, C. Frames

Before sending a request to the server, an FTP client allocates a protocol _______? A. Port B. Thread C. Layer

A. Port

The primary example of communications software that enables clients and servers to interoperate is which of the following? A. TCP/IP B. API C. GUI D. SQL

A. TCP/IP

Audio services may be provided to a business by which of the following? Cellular networks Long-distance carriers Competitive local exchange services Local telephone companies

All of the above

Examples of image-based applications used by businesses include which of the following? A. Electronic Publishing B. Medical Publishing C. Web Publishing D. Digital Photographs

All of the above

HTML can be defined as which of the following? A. A representation standard B. Declarative C. A markup language

All of the above

In the 1970s, the Internet was which of the following? A. Proposed by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn B. A set of standards C. A revolution in computer networking D. A concept

All of the above

Recent trends in computer networks and the internet include which of the following? A. Social networking applications B. Cloud Computing C. Sensor Networks D. Traditional Communications systems adopting internet technology

All of the above

Traditional business applications of audio services are which of the following? A. Voicemail B. Interactive Voice Response Systems C. Audio Conferencing D. Telemarketing

All of the above

Which of the following is an IPv6 address in proper notation? A. ABCD::4 B. FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 C. 2607: f8b0:4004:806:5CA2 D. FE80:0:0:0:02AA:00FF:FE9A:4CA2

All of the above

Within a LAN, business managers make choices about: (Select all that apply) A. Proprietary Architectures B. Transmission Rates C. The Combination of wired and wireless

B (Transmission Rates), C (The combination of wired and wireless)

What are the three parts of an IPv6 address? A. Mask B. Interface C. Subnet D. Global Prefix

B, C, D

Which of the following is a property of the circuit switched paradigm? A. Data can travel along the same wire at the same time depending on the amount of data to transmit. B. A single communication is not affected by others C. Circuits are not permanent but created when needed and removed when communication ends. D. Endpoint-to-endpoint communication.

B, C, D

A server can be defined as which of the following? A. Software that executes for only one session B. A computer that has fast CPU, large memory, and powerful operating system C. A program that waits passively for communication D. A computer dedicated to running one or more server programs

B,C

Your computer has been configured in the following way: 172.16.128.67 mask 255.255.255.192. How would you represent the network you are on in CIDR notation? A.172.16.128.0/67 B. 172.16.128.64/26 C. 172.16.128.0/24 D. 172.16.128.67/26

B. 172.16.128.64/26

A page of text contains about 10,000 bits of 8-bit character data. The bit image of a 640x480 pixel screen in 256 color mode requires over... A. 1 million bytes B. 2 million bytes C. 3 million bytes

B. 2 Million Bytes

How many different IP addresses (although usable is quite less) can IPv4 theoretically accommodate? A. 2,857,431,098 B. 4,294,967,296 C. 6,382,910,884

B. 4,294,967,296

The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), an agency of the US. Department of Defense, gathered researchers and contractors together to produce a working data network, utilizing packet switching, and was known as which of the following? A. DODNET B. ARPANET C. DHSNET D. OSI

B. ARPANET

What entity created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model? A. TCP/IP B. ISO C. ITU

B. ISO

Standards are a very important part of the data communications landscape. Several of the most important standard-setting organizations are: (Select all that apply) A. FCC (Federal Communications Commission) B. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) C. ISOC (Internet Society) D. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) E. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) F. ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union)

B. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) C. ISOC (Internet Society) D. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) E. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) F. ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union)

An application-layer protocol created by a company for a proprietary software is known as which of the following? A. Public service B. Private Service C. Hybrid Service

B. Private Service

The central feature of a client/server architecture is the allocation of application-level tasks between clients and which of the following? A. Facilities B. Servers C. Applications

B. Servers

DNS servers use the following mechanism for caching... A. Conditional Locality B. Temporal Locality C. Spatial Locality D. Server Locality

B. Temporal Locality, C. Spatial Locality

What is/are the basic component(s) used for interconnecting heterogeneous networks? A. Hub B. WiFi C. Router D. Switch E. Bridge

C, Router

What is the minimum number of routers that can be used to connect 4 networks? A. 2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 3

C. 1

In a standard Class C IPv4 address, a prefix of 24 bits (of 32) is used to create a subnet of 256 possible addresses. Since the first and the last are reserved for the network and broadcast addresses, respectively, there are two less possible hosts on the network or 254.If 26 bits are used for the prefix, there are 62 possible hosts. How many hosts are possible if 28 bits are used in prefix? A. 22 B. 20 C. 14

C. 14

What is one difference between the POP3 and IMAP standards? A. Mail extension B. Mailbox access C. Authentication D. Message Format

C. Authentication

In the original architecture of internet email service, what component acted as both a client and server? A. Simple mail transfer protocol B. Email interface application C. Mail transfer application

C. Mail transfer application

Business information can be transmitted in? A. Analog form B. Digital form C. Both

C. Both

A browser can significantly reduce download time by saving images in which of the following? A. File B. Hard drive C. Cache

C. Cache

Severs can handle multiple clients at the same time because they are which of the following? A. fast B. Co-located C. Concurrent

C. Concurrent

The worldwide web is which of the following? A. The same as the internet B. The protocol standard for the internet C. One of many services in use on the internet D. A transfer proton that specifies how browsers interact with servers

C. One of many services in use on the internet

The name resolution process involves a resolver that forms a DNS request and waits for which of the following? A. Port Message B. Layer Message C. Reply Message

C. Reply Message

What uses frequency division multiplexing?

Circuit Switching

How does a client identify a server on the internet?

Computer: Internet protocol address. Service: Protocol port number

How many primary classes did the original classful IP addressing scheme divide IPv4 into? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3

D, 3

What handles initiating contact with and accepting contact from a remote computer? A. Services B. The Internet C. Stream Paradigm D. Message Paradigm E. Application Programs

E. Application Programs

What on a concurrent server interacts with a single client? A. Handler B. Main Program (thread) C. Handler Code D. Main Thread E. Thread of Control

E. Thread of Control

Convergence refers to the merger of previously unified telephony and informational technologies and markets. (True or False)

False

Data transfer refers to interaction between two servers. True or False?

False

Each frame consists of two parts: The footer and the payload. True or False?

False

Growth in capacity and a drop in cost has led to data transmission consuming a smaller chunk of the communications budget for most businesses. (True or False)

False

If a peer-to-peer architecture is implemented in server code, data is distributed first come-first served among a set of N servers. True or False?

False

In terms of the networking implications of video information, real-time video traffic without compression requires minimal bandwidth to ensure an adequate user experience. True or False?

False

In the real world, a p2p system enables extremely large traffic to one computer because N can be extremely small. True or False?

False

In the thin client model, the server handles more of the work relative to the thick client model. True or False?

False

Internet protocol software shows the detailed information of the physical network connection such as the IP address, MAC address, DNS server, default router, and the route a packet takes. True or False?

False

No computer can run a web server unless the computer's domain name starts with www. True or false?

False

On a single network, two computers can have the same IP address. True or False?

False

One of the primary reasons for the success of TCP/IP standards lies in tolerance of homogeneity. True or False?

False

Protocol implementations follow the layering model by passing the input from a protocol in one layer to the output of a protocol in the next layer. True or False?

False

The largest part of a frame is (usually) the header. True or False?

False

The network services and facilities that users interact with are provided by each individual user. True or False?

False

The three-layer model of enterprise communications is comprised of applications, enterprise services, and supply chain. (True or False)

False

When a request arrives at a server, software on the server uses the IP address to determine which application on the server computer should handle the request. True or False?

False

As companies increasingly rely on networks, the need for security: (Increases or Decreases)

Increases

What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?

Layer 1: Physical Layer 2: Network Interference Layer 3: Internet (IP) Layer 4: Transport (TCP) Layer 5: Application

What is the basis of the internet?

Packet switching

A client can access multiple services but typically contacts only one remote server at a time. True or False?

True

A common type of network is the LAN (local area network). (True or False)

True

A communications system that supplies universal service allows arbitrary pairs of computers to communicate. True or False?

True

A digital system uses a sequence of discrete values to represent information. True or false?

True

A private branch exchange (PBX) is an on-premise telephone switch that interconnects telephones at that location that provides outside access to the public telephone system. True or false?

True

A programmer defines an application layer protocol when two applications need to communicate over a network. True or False?

True

A relational database server uses Structured Query Language to split application logic between client and server. True or False?

True

A router does not use conventional application software but does need TCP/IP protocol software. True or False?

True

A router must have multiple IP addresses. True or False?

True

A server can act as a client? True or False?

True

An IP address is a unique binary number assigned to a host and used for all communication with the host. True or False?

True

An email program using SMTP requests a mail exchange record from the DNS database. An IP address is returned in response. True or False?

True

As a result of the adoption of standards, equipment from multiple vendors can be used in a single network. (True or False)

True

As opposed to LANs, WANs (wide area networks) cover a smaller geographic area. (True or False)

True

Audio, data, image, and video are basic information sources that are useful categories for the analysis and design of enterprise networks. True or false?

True

Because the internet tolerates heterogeneity, engineers can experiment with new networking technologies without disrupting existing networks. True or False?

True

Client server architecture provides specialized services such as database functions, file storage, printing, and other shared services. (True or False)

True

Compared to the early years of data communications when the key focus was functionality and performance, today the key focus for businesses is management. (True or False)

True

Concurrent server code is divided into two pieces, a thread and a handler. True or False?

True

Data representation deals with the syntax of data exchanged between computers. True or False?

True

Data that contains a combination of text, graphics, audio, and video is referred to as multimedia. True or False?

True

Early communications networks such as the telegraph and telephone systems use circuits to send information. True or False?

True

FTP handles both uploading and downloading of any type of data. True or False?

True

Fiber-optic and wireless transmission are driving the evolution of data communications. (True or False)

True

IPv4 uses 32 bit addresses and IPv6 uses 128 bit addresses. True or False?

True

In a frame, the payload is transmitted second. True or False?

True

In an IPv6 address, the interface address/suffix is always constant and of length 64 bits. True or False?

True

Lack of consistency in the networking field has produced a challenge- instead of uniform terminology, multiple groups each attempt to create their own terminology, resulting in jargon that contains terms that are abbreviated, misused, or associated with products. True or False?

True

Multiple protocols designed to work together in a complete, cooperative set are called a suite. True or False?

True

Networking Technology facilitates the flow of information that is needed to coordinate business activities. True or False?

True

No single networking technology is best for all needs. True or False?

True

One of the main features of the Domain Name system is autonomy which allows each organization to run its own DNS servers. True or False?

True

Packet switching is the basis for the modern internet. True or False?

True

Part of a browser's architecture is a controller that utilities clients to retrieve information from various services. True or False?

True

Protocols in a suite are furthermore collected into a unified whole known as a layering model. True or False?

True

Services are provided by application programs that run on computers attached to the internet. True or False?

True

Since the 1970s, computer research has changed from an esoteric research topic to an essential part of everyone's lives. True or false?

True

The amount of work done on a client vs. a server varies across server software. In the thick client model, application processing is offloaded from the server, reducing the likelihood of bottlenecks. True or False?

True

The basic building block of any network is the transmission line (or facility). (True or False)

True

The design and infrastructure of future enterprise networks will be shaped by cloud computing. (True or False)

True

The dominant LAN architecture is ring. (True or False)

True

The internet provides a general purpose communication mechanism on which all services are built. True or False?

True

The primary motivation for early computer networks was resource sharing due to computers being large and expensive. True or False?

True

The term for information that can be represented by a finite alphabet of symbols, such as the numbers 0 through 9 or the symbols represented on a computer keyboard, is data. True or False?

True

The term protocol refers to a specification for network communications. True or False?

True

The volume of communications traffic being transported over business networks is increasing. True or False?

True

Today, the internet has grown into a production communication system that reaches all populated countries in the world. True or False?

True

Using multiple routers improves reliability and avoids a single point of failure by sending traffic along an alternate path if a link fails. True or False?

True

Web browsers have replaced email interface applications as the primary means of accessing email. True or False?

True

Can a computer run multiple server programs?

Yes

Can consolidating multiple server programs on a single computer reduce cost without significantly reducing performance?

Yes

Does circuit switching use statistical multiplexing? Yes or No?

Yes

Match each part of the domain name below: xxx.yyy.zzz

individual computer (xxx). Group or organization (yyy). top-level domain (zzz)