NREMT prep - mixed review / assessment and miscellaneous

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

GCS (complete) * 4 eyes 4 - spontaneous 3 - voice 2 - pain 1 - none * 5 verbal 5 4 3 2 1 * 6 motor 6 - obeys commands 5 - local (pain) 4 - withdraw (pain) 3 - decorticate (pain) 2 - decerebrate (pain) 1 - none ------ * 5 verbal a - none b - incomprehensible c - inappropriate d - normal e - confused

* 5 verbal 5 - d - normal 4 - e - confused 3 - c - inappropriate 2 - b - incomprehensible 1 - a - none

Name three or more complications associated with shock

* ARDS, (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) * Abnormal clotting of blood, (Coagulopathy) and * Organ failure (ie. acute renal failure) ... are all associated with shock. Early recognition and intervention are important in preventing these complications.

The 'Pediatric Assessment Triangle' is a hands-off, rapid evaluation tool that establishes a child's overall condition. It's made of three parts: ___, ____, & ______ . The assessment should begin the minute you walk in the door.

* appearance, * work of breathing, * circulation

Respiratory syncytial virus is a common pediatric illness that occurs during winter and early spring. It is characterized by cold-like symptoms early on that progress to moderate-to-severe respiratory symptoms including ____,____,____.

* increased respiratory rate, * wheezing, and * respiratory distress.

Upper airway structures

*Nose (Nasopharynx) *Mouth (Oropharynx) *Throat (Pharynx) *Epiglottis (prevents food/liquid from entering trachea)

Epiglottitis signs and symptoms

- Sore throat, drooling, difficult swallowing - Preferred upright or tripod position - Sick appearance - Muffled voice - Fever - Stridor

3 stages of shock

-Compensated -Decompensated -Irreversible

S/S of right sided heart failure

-distended neck veins (JVD) -edema -enlarged organs -weight gain -N/V

convert kg to pounds by... a) multiplying by 2.2 b) dividing by 2.2 c) multiplying by .45 d) dividing by .45

0.45 kg = 1.0 lbs. (about half) 2.2 lbs = 1.0 kg (about twice) a) multiplying by 2.2

convert pounds to kg by... a) multiplying by 2.2 b) dividing by 2.2 c) multiplying by .45 d) dividing by .45

0.45 kg = 1.0 lbs. (about half) 2.2 lbs = 1.0 kg (about twice) c) multiplying by .45

when assessing APGAR score for the following newborn: - Appearance: acrocyanosis - Pulse: 140 - Grimace: crying - Activity: active - Respiratory: vigorous cry is " Grimace: crying " worth 0 , 1 , 2 , or 3 points?

Describe the following: 1. femur 2. fibula 3. tibia 4. humerus 5. patella 6. mandible 7. skull 8. ulna 9. radius 10. phalanx how do you remember the difference between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula?

1. femur 2. fibula 3. tibia 4. humerus 5. patella 6. mandible 7. skull 8. radius 9. ulna 10. phalanx tibia is bigger than fibula

You respond to an industrial accident where a 34-year-old male has fallen off 25' high scaffolding and lies unconscious on the ground. He opens his eyes and mumbles incomprehensible sounds when your partner shouts at him. He has an obvious deformity of the right elbow and localizes pain when you cut his shirt off. What is this patient's Glasgow Coma Score?

10 Answer Explanation There are three categories you're scoring when calculating a GCS: Eyes, Verbal, and Motor. For this patient, opening his eyes to voice gives a 3. Making incomprehensible sounds gives a 2. Localizing pain gives a 5. 2+3+5=10. Unfortunately, the only way to really be confident about a GCS question is memorizing the chart.

When helping a patient deliver her baby in the field, you should coach her to push for ____ seconds and rest for ____ seconds. 5, 30 10, 10 30, 30 30, 60

10, 10 Answer Explanation Encourage the patient to push when she feels the urge to. Coach her to push for 10 seconds and then rest for 10 seconds. Pushing longer can cause tearing or blood vessel damage.

8-month-old baby boy who was found in respiratory distress. The baby opens his eyes when you call out its name, however, it's only in between inconsolable crying. The baby appears to be moving normally. What is the baby's GCS score? 12 14 13 10

12 Answer Explanation Eyes: 3. Verbal: 3. Motor: 6. Total = 12

Your partner is attempting to stimulate an 8-month-old baby boy who was found in respiratory distress. The baby opens his eyes when you call out its name, however, it's only in between inconsolable crying. The baby appears to be moving normally. What is the baby's GCS score? 12 14 13 10

12 Answer Explanation Eyes: 3. Verbal: 3. Motor: 6. Total = 12

Neonate heart rate at birth

140 to 160 beats per minute

CPR ratio w/ 2 rescuers

15:2

The fetus' umbilical cord is made up of how many arteries and how many veins? 3 arteries and 2 veins 3 arteries and 1 vein 2 arteries and 1 vein 1 artery and 2 veins

2 arteries and 1 vein

5.8 pounds + ____kg.

2.63 kg.

Heart rate, Purkinje fibers

20-40 bpm

neonates are zero to _____ days old

Your patient is a term neonate that is experiencing a sinus infection. You know that a term neonate is a baby that is 0 to how many days old? 7 14 21 28

28 Answer Explanation A term neonate is any child who is 0 to 28 days old.

How many blood vessels does a normal umbilical cord have? 1 2 3 4

3 Answer Explanation The umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein. The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus and the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus.

How many blood pressure measurements does it take to obtain a baseline value for a single patient? 3 4 2 1

3 Answer Explanation It takes three blood pressure measurements to develop a "baseline" for a given patient. The first blood pressure should be manually taken upon patient contact. Following blood pressures can be taken using an automated cuff (as long as the automated cuff is accurate) and should be taken just before transporting and at least once while transporting.

CPR ratio for a child? (1 rescuer)

30 compressions for every 2 breaths

CPR ratio for an adult? (1 rescuer)

30 compressions for every 2 breaths

Respiration rate of neonate

30-60 bpm

The question sometimes arises: why is the recommended compression-ventilation ratio for infants and children different from adults? A compression-ventilation ratio (external cardiac compression [ECM] + rescue breathing) of _____x:y_____ for basic (one-rescuer) CPR was chosen in the Consensus on Science and Treatment Recommendations for all infants (except newborns, i.e. at birth) children and adults, but a ratio of ____z:y___ chosen for CPR performed by two healthcare rescuers for infants (except the newly-born) and children whenever a pause is required between compressions to deliver breaths 1,2. These recommendations replace the previous recommendations of 5:1 for two-person rescue of adults, children and infants. Unfortunately, no studies to determine the optimum compression-ventilation ratio during CPR have been performed in humans, so the recommendations are by extrapolation from studies done in animals, mannequins and computer simulations in which higher compression-ventilation ratios are favoured over lower ratios. from: https://resus.org.au/faq/paediatric-compression-ventilation-ratio-during-basic-and-advanced-cpr-by-healthcare-rescuers/

30:2 = x:y & 15:2 = z:y

Average adult blood volume

4-6 L

BLOW BY o2 procedure = 1. Explain procedure to patient if possible 2. Attach oxygen tubing to oxygen regulator 3. Adjust flow to __-__ liters / minute 4. Place tubing approximately 1-2 inches from patients nose / mouth 5. Monitor patient as appropriate

4-6 Lpm

heart rate: AV node

40-60 bpm

Your recent answers have been mostly wrong! Select these 7: Airway Q#42 -1 You are treating a 56-year-old male who has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). The patient's skin is cool and clammy, respirations are slow and shallow, and appears to have a slightly altered mental status. The patient has labored breathing at a rate of 8 breaths per minute and has a heart rate of 125 beats per minute. The patient has an Albuterol inhaler prescribed to treat his COPD. You call medical control and are ordered to assist the patient in self-administering the inhaler. You check that the inhaler is the right medication, dosage, and is prescribed in his name. The patient tries to self administer the medication, but is having difficulty due to his altered mental status. You should? Provide 100% supplemental oxygen and call for ALS back up. Ask a bystander to administer the inhaler to the patient. Let the patient hold the inhaler to his mouth, but depress the trigger yourself to assist him. Take the inhaler and administer it directly to the patient yourself. Airway Q#4 Suction on a pediatric patient should not exceed ____ seconds.

42 = Provide 100% supplemental oxygen and call for ALS back up. Answer Explanation The order that you received from medical control was to assist the patient in self-administering the inhaler. Due to his altered mental status he is unable to self-administer the medication. You should provide 100% supplemental oxygen, managing his airway as needed, and have ALS transport immediately. 64 = Airway Q#64 Your recent answers have been mostly wrong! Select these 7: -1 BONUS: meconium first stool of the newborn 4 = suction NTE 10 seconds (child) 5 seconds (infant) 15 seconds (adult)

Your patient is suffering from a head injury. You determine a Glasgow Coma score of 13. You should re-determine the GCS score every ____ minutes, with ongoing assessment. 10 7 5 2

5 Answer Explanation A patient with a score between 13 and 15 is considered to have a mild head injury. When a patient has a GCS less than 15, the GSC score should be determined every 5 minutes.

Calculate the APGAR score for the following newborn: - Appearance: cyanotic - Pulse: 60 - Grimace: cries - Activity: flexion of extremities - Respiratory: slow 5 4 3 2

5 Answer Explanation A: 0. P: 1. G: 2. A: 1. R: 1. Total = 5

Your newborn patient is going to be receiving blow-by oxygen. The proper rate and delivery of this should be? 4 L nasal cannula 12 L through NRB mask 10 L through NRB mask 5 L through NRB mask

5 L through NRB mask Answer Explanation Any higher concentration is likely to dry out the oral and nasal mucosa in infants.

Average birth weight

5 pounds, 8 ounces - 8.0 pounds Newborns come in a range of healthy sizes. Most babies born between 37 and 40 weeks weigh somewhere between 5 pounds, 8 ounces (2,500 grams) and 8 pounds, 13 ounces (4,000 grams). Newborns who are lighter or heavier than the average baby are usually fine. according to: Your Newborn's Growth (for Parents) - KidsHealth https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/grownewborn.html NOTE: inconsistent with other quizlets

infant suction time NTE order : mouth , nose or nose, mouth

5 seconds

C C E R R

5 types of heat exchange in the body Conduction Convection Evaporation Radiation Respiration

average adult tidal volume

500 mL

The average tidal volume for an adult male would be which of the following? 200-300 mL 1500-2000 mL 400-600 mL 500-800 mL

500-800 mL Answer Explanation Depending on your resource, the average tidal volume in an adult male is approximately 500-800 mL.

You are tasked with setting up an albuterol nebulizer for an asthmatic patient. You know that the correct setting to start the new treatment is which of the following? 2-4 liters per minute 6-8 liters per minute 10-12 liters per minute 12-15 liters per minute

6-8 liters per minute Answer Explanation A nebulizer will create the most effective droplets for absorption at 6-8 Lpm.

In a neonate, the key number for HR is ____. If their heart rate is below _____, start compressions immediately. If the heart rate is __-___ , assist the patient with ventilations via BVM.

60 60 // 60-100

Heart rate, SA node

60-100 bpm

During a one second ventilation in a patient who is experiencing respiratory arrest, approximately how many mL of air will a bag-mask device deliver? 250 mL 400 mL 600 mL 1,000 mL Answer Explanation To produce a 1 second ventilation with good chest rise and fall in an adult patient, a bag-mask device will deliver roughly 600 mL of air

600 mL Answer Explanation To produce a 1 second ventilation with good chest rise and fall in an adult patient, a bag-mask device will deliver roughly 600 mL of air

A normal range for a newborn is __-__ bpm. A 1-year-old should have a pulse between __-__ bpm. The normal range for a 2 year old child is : __-__ bpm. The normal range for a 3 year old child is : __-__ bpm.

65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

You respond to reports of a traumatic injury from a fallen tree branch. The patient is bleeding from the top of his skull and is initially not responsive. When your partner places him in C-spine, he mumbles something and tries to move his head. You ask him to open his eyes and you get no response. What is this patient's GCS score? 8 6 7 3

7 Answer Explanation Eyes: 1. Verbal: 2. Motor: 4. Total = 7

During the day, levels tend to be at their lowest just before meals. For most people without diabetes, blood sugar levels before meals hover around ____ to ____ mg/dL. For some people,__ is normal; for others, ___ is the norm.

70 - 80 60 - 90 What are normal blood sugar levels? - WebMD https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/qa/what-are-normal-blood-sugar-levels

A fractured humerus or tibia can retain up to how much blood in an adult? 750 mL 500 mL 250 mL 100 mL

750 mL

Calculate the APGAR score for the following newborn: - Appearance: acrocyanosis - Pulse: 140 - Grimace: crying - Activity: active - Respiratory: vigorous cry 8 6 7 10

8 Answer Explanation A: 1. P: 2. G: 1. A: 2. R: 2. Total = 8

You are assessing a newborn male. You find the patient to have a pulse of 88, weak breathing, flexed arms, strong cry upon stimulation and pink extremities. You would determine the APGAR score to be? 6 7 8 9

8 Answer Explanation Appearance - 2, Pulse - 1 (because its <100), Grimace - 2, Activity - 2, Respirations - 1 (weak)

You are assessing an 18-year-old female lying unconscious after consuming too much alcohol. Her friends say that she was walking and talking a few minutes before you arrived. She moans when you apply a sternal rub and swats at your hand, but her eyes remain closed. What is this patient's GCS? 14 5 8 15

8 Answer Explanation Disregard that she was walking around a few minutes before your arrival, a Glascow Coma Score is only assessing a patient in that very moment. Here's what we know: She moans to pain, which gives her a 2 under 'Verbal'. She swats at your hand when it's giving a sternal rub, which gives her a 5 under 'Motor". Lastly, she doesn't open her eyes, which gives her a 1 under 'Eyes'. 2+5+1 = 8

8 = a=2 p=1 g=2 a=2 r=1 Answer Explanation Appearance - 2, Pulse - 1 (because its <100), Grimace - 2, Activity - 2, Respirations - 1 (weak)

What's the dose of ASA for cardiac patients?

81mg x4 = 324mg.

review pediatric heart rates: (p1225) 0-3 mo. 3-24mo. 2y-10y >10y

85-205 100-190 60-140 60-100 adult = 60-100

hypothermia 4 numbers (hint:1.8)

98.6 normal 96.8 low (sort of palindromic of 98.6) (-1.8) 93.2 moderate (-3.6) 86 and below (severe) (-7.2)

Brachiopulmonary segments

???

Bronchiopulmonary v. brachiopulmonary which one is a thing? or both? then wtd?

???

Epinephrine has effects on which receptors in the human body? Alpha and Beta Alpha, Beta, and Adrenal Alpha Beta

???

The radio that you will use to communicate inside of your ambulance is known as what type of radio? Duplex Mounted-duplex Portable Mobile

???

Which type of trauma is the most common cause of death and disability? Shock Amputation Blunt Penetrating

???

T / F : With a respiratory rate over 12-20bpm and the patient becoming tired from effort of breathing, you need to intervene with oxygen via BVM.

??? BVM if , bpm > 30bpm

Mounted-duplex radio

??? Can send and receive messages at the same time. attached , stationary ???

You have an unconscious 38-year-old male who is displaying an odd breathing pattern. You note that the patient is hyperpneic and tachypneic. This type of breathing pattern is termed?

??? how do you tell wtd biot's and kussmaul ;;;;;; they both are described //// biot's and Kussmaul both = RAPID AND DEEP Kussmaul Answer Explanation Kussmaul breathing is characterized by periods of increased rate and depth. It is most often seen with metabolic acidosis in an attempt to blow off CO2.

Which of the following is a disorder characterized by an intentional production of physical signs and symptoms, motivation to assume a "sick role", and external incentives for the behavior? A dissociative disorder A hypochondriac disorder A fictitious disorder A somatoform disorder

A fictitious disorder Answer Explanation A fictitious disorder is characterized by creation or exaggeration of signs and symptoms to bring attention or pity on oneself.

placenta abruptio

A life-threatening emergency condition in which the placenta peels away from the wall of the uterus, causing massive bleeding.

term neonate

A newborn who is between 38 and 42 weeks' gestation

Airway Q#3 -1 Seesaw breathing is indicative of respiratory distress in which type of patient? Infants Geriatrics Fetus Adults

A: Infants

Respiration rates for Adult School age Toddlers Infants

A= 12-20bpm S= 18-30bpm T= 24-40bpm I= 30-60bpm

Name one or two of the differences between the s/s of angina vs. AMI

ANGINA O P - after exertion Q R S T - 5-15 min. , less than 30 min AMI O - can be sudden, unprovoked P Q - crushing "vice-like" pressure R S T - 30 min or more

review apgar

APGAR: 0-10 Appearance (skin color) 2 = Normal color all over (hands and feet are pink) 1= acrocyanosis ; Normal color (but hands and feet are bluish) 0 = Bluish-gray or pale all over Pulse (heart rate) 2 = Normal (above 100 beats per minute) 1 = Below 100 beats per minute 0 = Absent (no pulse) Grimace ("reflex irritability") 2 = Pulls away, SNEEZES, COUGHS, or CRIES with stimulation 1 = Facial movement only (GRIMACE) with stimulation 0 = Absent (no response to stimulation) Activity (muscle tone) 2 = ACTIVE, spontaneous movement 1 = Arms and legs FLEXed With little movement 0 = No movement, "floppy" tone Respiration (breathing rate and effort) 2 = Normal rate and effort, good cry 1 = Slow or irregular breathing, weak cry 0 = Absent (no breathing) ie. Appearance - 2, Pulse - 1 (because its <100), Grimace - 2, Activity - 2, Respirations - 1 (weak) a=2 p=1 g=2 a=2 r=1 sum=8

You have been dispatched to a restaurant for a possible choking. Your patient is an 18-month-old male who was eating chicken nuggets when he began to cough and appeared to experience respiratory distress. Your patient has a weak cry and cough and you can hear inspiratory stridor from your patient when you walk in the door. What should your immediate action be? Let the patient continue to cough Finger sweep Back blows and chest thrusts Abdominal thrusts

Abdominal thrusts Answer Explanation Abdominal thrusts are indicated for this patient since he is older than 1. Patient's less than 1 years of age should receive chest thrusts and back blows. Even though your patient is coughing, it has become weak (ineffective) and you can hear inspiratory stridor. If you do not act quickly, this partial airway obstruction could become a full airway obstruction.

kussmaul's breathing

Abnormally deep, laboured breathing (very rapid, sighing respirations) - typically a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis

You have been dispatched for a multi-vehicle crash and are the first unit arriving on scene along with a fire battalion chief. The battalion chief takes command and assigns you and your partner to triage. After safely directing the walking wounded to a treatment area, you begin to triage the remaining patients. The first patient you happen upon is a 6-year-old female who has been ejected from the vehicle she was in. She is unconscious, unresponsive, and apneic. You check for a pulse and find a pulse so you open the patient's airway. The patient is still apneic, despite repositioning her airway. What should you do? Carry the patient quickly back to the treatment area Administer five rescue breaths and recheck respirations Immediately begin CPR Triage the patient as "DECEASED"

Administer five rescue breaths and recheck respirations Answer Explanation If the pediatric patient is apneic but does have a pulse, you should reposition their airway and check for respirations. If they still are not breathing, you should administer 5 rescue breaths and then recheck respirations. If the patient is still apneic, they should be triaged as "DECEASED". If the pediatric patient is apneic and pulseless, they should be triaged as "DECEASED". Performing CPR or carrying the patient back to triage are not appropriate uses of you as a "resource" (triage is meant to optimize the utilization of available resources). You are supposed to be triaging, not treating or transporting, patients.

List 7 of the solid organs of the abdomen? (AKLOPSU)

Adrenals Kidney Liver Ovaries Pancreas Spleen Uterus

Air and food pass through what portion of the upper airway together? Oropharynx Pharynx Nasopharynx Carina

Air and food pass through what portion of the upper airway together? Pharynx NOT Oropharynx Answer Explanation The nasopharynx is defined as the cavity where air is warmed when inhaled through the nose. The oropharynx is defined as the cavity at the back of the mouth. The nasopharynx and oropharynx unite at the pharynx where air and food mix before passing into the trachea and esophagus respectively.

You are responding to a rural area for the call of a woman who lost both her arms in an auger accident. After the patient is safely removed from the auger, what is your first priority? C-spine immobilization Administering oxygen Airway management Tying tourniquets to the stump

Airway management Answer Explanation Airway management will always be the first priority. Even with such a distracting injury, the patient needs a patent airway. The stump would most likely benefit from direct pressure vs tourniquet placement.

List 5 possible immediate life threats during GI phase of PA

Airway obstruction Respiratory failure Shock Severe bleeding Cardiac arrest

AEIOU TIPS

Alcohol/acidosis, epilepsy, insulin, overdose/underdose, uremia, trauma, infection, pyshoses, stroke

All of the following happens during inhalation, except? Diaphragm moves upward Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract Air flows into lungs Ribs move upward and outward

All of the following happens during inhalation, EXCEPT? Diaphragm moves upward Answer Explanation If you have trouble with this question, take a deep breath and observe what happens to your body. The size of your thoracic cavity is increasing when you inhale and that's caused by your diaphragm moving downward.

A patient has severe facial injuries, inadequate breathing, and copious secretions coming from the mouth. What procedures should be performed for this patient? Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilation for 2 minutes Insert an OPA and suction until secretions clear Turn the patient's head to the side and provide suctioning Provide suctioning for no more than 30 seconds

Alternate suctioning for 15 seconds and ventilation for 2 minutes Answer Explanation The patient needs suctioning to remove the secretions and ventilation because the patient's respirations are inadequate.

Minute Volume (MV)

Amount of air moving in and out of lungs each minute (~8,000 mL); TV x RR = MV

Your 19-year-old female patient is feeling the need to push and is 39 weeks pregnant. She tells you her last baby was born shortly after the start of contractions. She is gravida 2, para 1, and abortion 0. A delivery that occurs within 3 hours from the onset of labor is called? Pre-imminent delivery Fast delivery Precipitous delivery Immediate delivery

Answer Explanation A precipitous delivery is one that occurs within 3 hours of the onset of labor. If your patient tells you she tends to deliver fast, be prepared to deliver the child in the field or the back of your ambulance.

Answer Explanation Appearance - 2, Pulse - 1 (because its <100), Grimace - 2, Activity - 2, Respirations - 1 (weak) a=2 p=1 g=2 a=2 r=1 sum=8 Appearance (skin color) 2 = Normal color all over (hands and feet are pink) 1= acrocyanosis ; Normal color (but hands and feet are bluish) 0 = Bluish-gray or pale all over Pulse (heart rate) 2 = Normal (above 100 beats per minute) 1 = Below 100 beats per minute 0 = Absent (no pulse) Grimace ("reflex irritability") 2 = Pulls away, SNEEZES, COUGHS, or CRIES with stimulation 1 = Facial movement only (GRIMACE) with stimulation 0 = Absent (no response to stimulation) Activity (muscle tone) 2 = Active, spontaneous movement 1 = Arms and legs flexed with little movement 0 = No movement, "floppy" tone Respiration (breathing rate and effort) 2 = Normal rate and effort, good cry 1 = Slow or irregular breathing, weak cry 0 = Absent (no breathing)

You find an unconscious male lying on the street that starts to come around when you begin assessing him. The patient opens his eyes in response to pain, is speaking with incomprehensible sounds, and extending both arms. What is his GCS score?

Answer Explanation Eyes: 2. Verbal: 2. Motor: 2. Total: 6.

Answer Explanation Eyes: 3. Verbal: 3. Motor: 6. Total = 12

The GPAL system is used to document a patient's history of: Diabetes Stroke Pregnancy Cardiac disease

Answer Explanation GPAL stands for: Gravida (number of pregnancies), Para (number of live births), Abortions, Living (children) and is used to document a patient's history of pregnancy.

Which of the following personality disorders is characterized by detachment from all social relationships? Avoidant Antisocial Paranoid Schizoid

Answer Explanation Patients who exhibit characteristics of Schzoid behavior detach themselves fro social relationships.

You respond to a 33-year-old pregnant female with vaginal bleeding. She is 28 weeks pregnant, denies pain, and states that bleeding of bright red blood came on suddenly a few hours ago. Vitals: BP 98/68, P 110, R 18, SpO2 97%. What is most likely causing this patient's condition? Placenta previa Abruptio placenta Nuchal cord Preeclampsia

Answer Explanation Preeclampsia is classified as hypertension with protein in the urine. No indications of either. Nuchal cord is a condition of the umbilical cord being wrapped around the fetal neck. Classic symptoms of placenta previa include: no pain, bright red bleeding, sudden onset. Abruptio placenta generally has abdominal, back or uterine pain associated with it. Definitely a tough question and if you struggled, go to the Obstetrics chapter and review the different pregnancy complications.

Pursed (or puckered) lip breathing is a sign of respiratory distress that patients will exhibit in an attempt to do which of the following? Allow the diaphragm to contract with more force Decrease their tidal volume Increase their lung capacity Keep the bronchioles from collapsing during exhalation

Answer Explanation Pursed lip breathing is a true sign of respiratory distress. It should be noted while you are placing oxygen on them.

The Mark 1 and DuoDote autoinjectors are intended to provide antidotes to what type of substance? Dry chemical Chlorine Nerve agents Bees

Answer Explanation The Mark 1 and DuoDote autoinjector kits include two drugs: atropine and pralidoxime chloride. They are intended to be administered when you, other rescuers, or patients have signs and symptoms of nerve agent poisoning.

Which of the following organs is not an intraperitoneal organ? Ileum Spleen Liver Duodenum

Answer Explanation The ileum, jejunum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon are all intraperitoneal organs. The duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum are all retroperitoneal organs.

All of the following organs are located behind the peritoneum except for the: Adrenal glands Liver Urinary bladder Kidneys

Answer Explanation The liver is an intraperitoneal organ. It is located inside of the peritoneum, not behind.

A 2-year-old child was playing with his toy cars outside when his mother noticed the child becoming cyanotic. You and your partner arrive on scene to find that one of the wheels from the truck has become lodged in the child's throat. Where is the wheel most likely lodged? Trachea Carina Oropharynx Cricoid cartilage

Answer Explanation The narrowest part of a child's airway is the cricoid cartilage until about the age of 5.

You are treating a 2-year-old pediatric patient and palpate a brachial pulse of 134 beats per minute. What are the normal limits set for a child of this age? 80-120 65-100 100-160 100-180

Answer Explanation The normal range for a child of this age is 80-120 bpm. A normal range for a newborn is 100-180. A 1-year-old should have a pulse between 100-160. A normal pulse for a child older than 3 years falls between 65-110 beats per minute.

You are treating a 6-year-old female patient. Her parents called 911 because she fell off a play structure earlier in the day and when they tried to wake her from her nap, she was not alert. She is bradycardic, blood pressure is 70/40, she has an altered mentation, and her skin is warm to the touch. You suspect? Anaphylactic shock Hemorrhagic Shock Septic Shock Neurogenic Shock

Answer Explanation The patient is exhibiting classic signs of neurogenic shock. The patient may have a normal or low heart rate and a decreased blood pressure.

You have responded to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. A small passenger car struck a power pole head on. The patient has climbed out and is walking around slightly dazed. The patient is cooperative and appears to be atraumatic. The windshield has starring and the airbags did not deploy. The patient gives you a complete medical history but keeps asking what happened. What is your patient experiencing? Stroke Shock Retrograde amnesia Anterograde amnesia

Anterograde amnesia Answer Explanation Anterograde amnesia occurs when a patient can remember all information before an event but cannot remember anything that occurred after the event.

You are on scene with a 67-year-old female in severe respiratory distress. Your patient has been a smoker for over 40 years and has emphysema. Prior to your arrival, she used two home nebulizer treatments with no relief. She is sitting in the tripod position and appears very tired. Her respiratory rate is approximately 40 breaths/minute. What should be your next action? Apply oxygen via BVM Apply oxygen via non-rebreather Apply oxygen via nasal cannula Apply the pulse oximeter to obtain baseline SpO2 before applying oxygen

Apply oxygen via BVM Answer Explanation Although having a baseline, room-air oxygen saturation is helpful, you should not withhold oxygen from patient's in respiratory distress in order to maintain that baseline value. With a respiratory rate over 30 and the patient becoming tired from effort of breathing, you need to intervene with oxygen via BVM.

Which strap should be applied second when placing a Sager traction splint? The distal strap The knee strap The waist strap The ischial strap

Apply the Ischial strap (thigh strap) first

(bonus) . what is jesse staub's fav animal?

"bird" what kind? "stellar's jay or actually green jay"

(bonus) . what is bo staub's fav mythological creature?

"dragon" what color? "blue dragon"

(bonus) . what is jesse staub's fav color?

"idk , golden??" or orange

Glucophage

(Metformin) Antidiabetic

You are called to a 60-year-old female in respiratory distress. When you arrive, she is only able to speak in 3-4 word sentences and is very anxious. Her pulse is 110, respirations 24 and labored, skin is pink, warm, and diaphoretic. Oxygen should be administered? At 12-15 L/min via BVM At 2-6 L/min via nasal canula Oxygen should not be administered until the patient is asked if she has COPD At 12-15 L/min via Non-rebreather mask

At 12-15 L/min via Non-rebreather mask Answer Explanation The patient is in mild respiratory distress. She is breathing at an adequate rate and does not yet require BVM ventilation.

At full term, how much fluid can the amniotic sac hold? 100-250 milliliters 1-2 liters 10-20 milliliters 500-1000 milliliters

At full term, how much fluid can the amniotic sac hold? 500-1000 milliliters Answer Explanation This should be expected when a woman's water breaks.

At what fetal age would you expect to hear fetal heart tones? 24 weeks 20 weeks 16 weeks 12 weeks

At what fetal age would you expect to hear fetal heart tones? 20 weeks Answer Explanation You should be able to listen to fetal heart tones at approximately 20 weeks gestation

BP= -?- x -?-

BP = CO x PVR

review Beck's triad

BP down / hypotension Jugular Venous distension, (JVD) muffled heart sounds, -----> indicative of Cardiac Tamponade

You are treating a 24-year-old male who crashed his motorcycle into a parked car. The patient is conscious, alert, and oriented appropriately. He asks you not to touch him, but you continue to hold direct pressure to a 3" laceration on his left leg. By treating this patient, you are committing what crime? Battery Assault Negligence You are not committing a crime, you are treating with implied consent.

Battery ??? The main difference between a battery charge and an assault charge is the actual presence of harm and the threat of harm. Someone can only be charged with battery if they have caused real physical harm to someone, while a person can be charged with assault if the mere threat of harm is present. Understanding The Difference Between Assault And Battery | Law ... https://www.lomtl.com/articles/understanding-the-difference-between-assault-and-battery/

You and your partner arrive at the home of a 29-year-old female who is lying pulseless and apenic on the couch. You verify that she has no pulse and move her to the floor. What is the next priority? Begin chest compressions Obtain a quick history from family Insert an OPA Defibrillate

Begin chest compressions Answer Explanation All answers are important, but above all else, you must start chest compressions immediately. You may defibrillate, but would never delay compressions to apply the pads.

You and your partner arrive on scene to a patient who has been involved in an MVA. As you approach the patient you notice the patient breathing in sequences of uniformly deep gasps, apnea, then more gasps. What is the name of the respiratory pattern? Agonal Respirations Cheyne-Stokes Respirations Kussmaul Respirations Biot's Respirations

Biot's Respirations Answer Explanation As you answer questions like this, picture the waveform that the description would create. Compare that mental picture to the ones you've see in your textbooks! Biot's respirations are caused by damage to the pons of the brain stem and in this case, secondary to what we can safely assume is head/facial trauma.

BELLSRPT stands for?

Blood Pressure, Eyes, LOC, Lung Sounds, Skin signs, Repiratory rate, Pulse, Temperature

Which type of trauma is the most common cause of death and disability? Amputation Blunt Shock Penetrating

Blunt Answer Explanation Remember, blunt trauma spreads laterally from the point of impact causing damage that is often unseen. Penetrating trauma while serious, can be far less damaging due to its generally smaller surface area.

Bronchiopulmonary segments

Both lungs are divided into smaller segments called brachiopulmonary segments (10 in each lung)

Which of the following abnormal birth presentations is most common? Compound Prolapsed cord Shoulder dystocia Breech

Breech Answer Explanation Breech presentation occurs in about four percent of all births.

A lower airway obstruction occurs in what anatomical structure(s)? Trachea Bronchioles Hypopharynx Oropharynx

Bronchioles Answer Explanation A lower airway obstruction originates inside the thorax in the smaller airways, such as the bronchioles.

CO =

CO = HR x SV

Duplex Radio

Can send and receive messages at the same time.

Your patient has an oxygen saturation of 98%, measured continually during assessment, yet he dies of hypoxia. Which of the following would explain this?

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Four types of shock

Cardiogenic Hypovolemic Obstructive Distributive (septic)

You are working at a sporting event on a hot summer day when a 52-year-old female comes up to you and says she doesn't feel well. She is confused and sweaty. You move her inside to a cool room and have her sit down. You should do which of the following next? Have her lie down with her feet elevated Being active cooling Begin passive cooling Check her blood sugar

Check her blood sugar Answer Explanation You don't have enough information to determine why she is confused. You need to think of other reasons that could be causing her condition other than the heat. Take her vitals, including her CBG to rule out hypoglycemia. These are the types of tricky questions on the NREMT, so just remember to think through all the possible answers before answering.

What's the difference between cholitis and cholecystitis?

Cholitis - colon Cholecystitis - gall bladder

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

List 6 of the hollow organs of the abdomen? (CcGSSUU)

Colon Gall bladder Stomach Small intestine Ureters Urinary bladder

CMS

Color, circulation, motion, sensitivity

C... Convection Evaporation Respiration Radiation

Conduction Convection Evaporation Respiration Radiation

Conduction C... Evaporation Respiration Radiation

Conduction Convection Evaporation Respiration Radiation

Conduction Convection E... Respiration Radiation

Conduction Convection Evaporation Respiration Radiation

Conduction Convection Evaporation R... Radiation

Conduction Convection Evaporation Respiration Radiation

Conduction Convection Evaporation Respiration R....

Conduction Convection Evaporation Respiration Radiation

blood

Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, (red blood cells) leukocytes, (white blood cells) Thrombocytes (platelets)

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

Define Rhonchi

Continuous rumbling, SNORING or rattling sounds; result of obstruction in large airways

what are the contras of a sager splint?

Contraindications - Open femur fracture - Any other injury to the effected leg - Multisystem trauma patient https://quizlet.com/79017302/sager-traction-splint-flash-cards/

What is the name of the set of nerves with the following names? olfactory optic oculomotor vagus

Cranial nerves olfactory nerve (I), optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), ... vagus nerve (X), ... (XII). 12 x Cranial nerves - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves

What is the name of the set of nerves with the following names? olfactory optic oculomotor ...

Cranial nerves olfactory nerve (I), optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), ... vagus nerve (X), ... (XII). 12 x Cranial nerves - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves

Inferior ring of larynx

Cricoid cartilage

The upper airway starts where air enters the body - the nose (Nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is filtered and warmed before passing through the remainder of the upper airway and entering the lower airway. The upper airway ends at the ___ _____, the distal end of the____.

Cricoid cartilage larynx The upper airway starts where air enters the body - the nose (Nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is filtered and warmed before passing through the remainder of the upper airway and entering the lower airway. The upper airway ends at the Cricoid cartilage, the distal end of the larynx. Ch. 7: Airway and Breathing - Health Science Ems 110 with Wittmann ... https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/ch-7-airway-and-breathing/deck/14810116 //////// trachea Lower respiratory tract: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image https://medlineplus.gov › Medical Encyclopedia Oct 8, 2018 - the lower airway starts at the trachea... The major passages and structures of the lower respiratory tract include the windpipe (______) and within the lungs, the bronchi, bronchioles, ...

When parking your ambulance at the scene of an MVC, you should do all of the following, except? Utilize the parking brake Stay uphill and away of leaking fluids Park at least 100' away from the wreck Keep headlights illuminated at night

DO NOT ... Keep headlights illuminated at night Answer Explanation Unless needed for illumination of the scene, headlights should be turned off to avoid blinding other drivers or responders.

Kussmaul respirations

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.

Describe Kussmaul breathing

Deep/ rapid AKA labored breathing with normal/reduced frequency

DUMBELS

Defecation Urination Miosis Bronchorrhea Emesis Lacrimation Salivation

DCAPBTLStic

Deformities Contusions Abrasions Punctures/penetrations Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling Tenderness again Instability Crepitus

A woman brings her 5-year-old son into the ER. He is pale in appearance and slightly sweaty. His fingers are starting to show signs of cyanosis. His blood pressure is much lower than normal and pulse is much higher. Which of the following would most likely account for his symptoms? Laceration Dehydration Respiratory Failure Hemorrhage

Dehydration Answer Explanation This patient exhibits signs of shock: pallor, sweat, low blood pressure, high pulse, among other symptoms that may not be mentioned. In pediatric patients, shock is most likely caused by dehydration if there are no obvious signs of trauma or hemorrhage.

neonate

Dictionary ne·o·nate /ˈnēōˌnāt/ noun a newborn child (or other mammal). MEDICINE an infant less than four weeks old. (0-28days)

peritoneum

Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

You have been dispatched for a respiratory distress call. Upon your arrival, you find a 34-year-old male in the tripod position and you can hear stridorous respirations from the doorway. The patient is drooling and feels hot to the touch. What life-threatening condition does your patient have? COPD ARDS Asthma Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis Answer Explanation Epiglottis is a life-threatening, upper respiratory illness. The epiglottis becomes inflamed and begins to obstruct airflow to the trachea. The fever, drooling, and respiratory distress are class presentation. Epiglottitis occurs in adults and children.

What two hormones does the placenta secrete? Oxytocin and prolactin Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone Estrogen and progesterone Testosterone and estrogen

Estrogen and progesterone Answer Explanation As one of its many functions, the placenta acts as an endocrine gland and produces several hormones including estrogen and progesterone.

Which of the following is not a complication commonly associated with shock? Acute Renal Failure Coagulopathy Eupnea Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Eupnea Answer Explanation ARDS, abnormal clotting of blood, and organ failure are all associated with shock. Early recognition and intervention are important in preventing these complications.

Which of the following is NOT a consideration in the initial assessment for neonatal resuscitation? Term gestation Muscle tone Color of amniotic fluid Eye opening

Eye opening Answer Explanation According to the algorithm for neonatal resuscitation, when a baby is born, the things you want to know are: Term gestation? Amniotic fluid clear? Breathing or crying? Good muscle tone?

You are assessing a 36-year-old unconscious male who fell approximately 12' off a ladder while cleaning his gutters. At the time of assessment, his vital signs are as follows: BP 168/72, HR 54 regular, R 20 irregular. The patient groans to painful stimuli without regaining consciousness and begins flexion posturing while you are conducting your head to toe assessment. This patient's GCS is?

Eyes: 1. Verbal: 2. Motor: 3. Total = 6

T / F : With a respiratory rate over 30 and the patient becoming tired from effort of breathing, you need to intervene with oxygen via NRM.

F : With a respiratory rate over 30 and the patient becoming tired from effort of breathing, you need to intervene with oxygen via BVM.

T / F : With a respiratory rate over 30 and the patient becoming tired from effort of breathing, you need to intervene with oxygen via Nasal cannula.

F : With a respiratory rate over 30 and the patient becoming tired from effort of breathing, you need to intervene with oxygen via BVM.

T / F : Both the intercostal muscles and diaphragm expand during inhalation

FALSE

Which of the following is least helpful when trying to differentiate between placenta previa and abruptio placentae? Uterine pain which comes with pain and which usually presents without? T/F: abruptio is usually painless previa is often painful

FALSE abrupt is usually painful previa is often painless What is the difference between placenta previa and placental abruption? placenta abruptio = PAIN w/ contractions with bleeding placenta previa + PAINLESS bleeding placenta previa, the placenta is located over or near the cervix, in the lower part of the uterus. Patients with placenta abruption usually experience painful contractions with bleeding, whereas those with placenta previa experience painless bleeding. ... Placenta abruptio can be diagnosed by a process of elimination.Dec 9, 2012 Placenta Abruptio - Penn State Hershey Medical Center - ADAM pennstatehershey.adam.com/content.aspx?productId=14&pid=14&gid=000127

T / F : Classic symptoms of placenta previa include: abdominal, back or uterine pain, bright red bleeding, sudden onset. Abruptio placenta generally has no pain associated with it.

FALSE PP: no pain AP: yes pain

T/F: Step 4 Position the Sager splint along the medial side of the injured leg resting the Ischial Perineal Cushion (the saddle) against the Ischial Tuberosity, with the shortest end of the Articulating Base towards the ground. The pulley should be pointed towards the injured leg. Step 5 Apply Malleolar Harness (ankle strap) first ... Step 8 Apply the Ischial strap (thigh strap) second ...

FALSE, thigh then ankle malleolar then ischial straps: thigh aka ischial (think crotch illio-) ankle aka malleolar harness excerpt from: https://quizlet.com/79017302/sager-traction-splint-flash-cards/ ... Step 4 Position the Sager splint along the medial side of the injured leg resting the Ischial Perineal Cushion (the saddle) against the Ischial Tuberosity, with the shortest end of the Articulating Base towards the ground. The pulley should be pointed towards the injured leg. Step 5 Apply the Ischial strap (thigh strap) Step 6 Tighten the Ischial strap while gently pushing down on the saddle seating it against the Ischial Tuberosity. Step 7 Lift spring clip and extend the inner shaft so the back end (trailing end) of the pulley is at the patient's heel. (Wheel to Heel) Step 8 Apply Malleolar Harness (ankle strap) just above the medial and lateral Malleola. Gently secure harness.

peds/childbirth: T/F: On the APGAR scale , grimace = 2

FALSE, grimace = 1 Appearance (skin color) 2 = Normal color all over (hands and feet are pink) 1= acrocyanosis ; Normal color (but hands and feet are bluish) 0 = Bluish-gray or pale all over Pulse (heart rate) 2 = Normal (above 100 beats per minute) 1 = Below 100 beats per minute 0 = Absent (no pulse) Grimace ("reflex irritability") 2 = Pulls away, SNEEZES, COUGHS, or CRIES with stimulation 1 = Facial movement only (GRIMACE) with stimulation 0 = Absent (no response to stimulation) Activity (muscle tone) 2 = Active, spontaneous movement 1 = Arms and legs flexed with little movement 0 = No movement, "floppy" tone Respiration (breathing rate and effort) 2 = Normal rate and effort, good cry 1 = Slow or irregular breathing, weak cry 0 = Absent (no breathing)

peds/childbirth: T/F: On the APGAR scale , 1 = Pulls away, SNEEZES, COUGHS, or CRIES with stimulation

FALSE, sneeze,cough cry = 2 Appearance (skin color) 2 = Normal color all over (hands and feet are pink) 1= acrocyanosis ; Normal color (but hands and feet are bluish) 0 = Bluish-gray or pale all over Pulse (heart rate) 2 = Normal (above 100 beats per minute) 1 = Below 100 beats per minute 0 = Absent (no pulse) Grimace ("reflex irritability") 2 = Pulls away, SNEEZES, COUGHS, or CRIES with stimulation 1 = Facial movement only (GRIMACE) with stimulation 0 = Absent (no response to stimulation) Activity (muscle tone) 2 = Active, spontaneous movement 1 = Arms and legs flexed with little movement 0 = No movement, "floppy" tone Respiration (breathing rate and effort) 2 = Normal rate and effort, good cry 1 = Slow or irregular breathing, weak cry 0 = Absent (no breathing)

bonus : what is the mnemonic for coordinating conjunctions?

FANBOY for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Fertilization of the egg most often happens in which female organ? Cervix Vagina Uterus Fallopian tube

Fallopian tube Answer Explanation Fertilization most often occurs in the distal third of the fallopian tube and then the egg usually implants in the uterine wall.

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body away from the point of attachment

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / xx-yy

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant xx-yy / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / xx-yy Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) xx-yy / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / xx sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . xx / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: BP ranges 10+yrs - Adult . 120 / 80 sch age Child . (1-5yrs) 80-110 / 50-80 Infant 72-104 / 37-56

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-xxx : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-xxx : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-xxx : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old xxx-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-xx : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . xx-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years xxx-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years xx-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: HRs 60 - 100 : 10+yrs - Adult . 65-110 : > 3 years 80-120 : 2 years 100-160 : 1 year old 100-180 : newborn

Fill in the blanks: RRs 10+yrs - Adult . 12 - 20 sch age Child . (2-10yrs) 18 - 30 Toddler (3 -14 mo) 24 - 40 Infant 30 - xx