NUR 208- Lesson 4
When the parents of a 6-month-old say that they see no reason to spend money for a car seat because the baby is happier sitting in someone's lap. The best response is:
"A rear-facing car seat placed in the back seat is the safest place for your baby."
A woman who is 14 weeks pregnant says that she has abstained from alcohol during her first trimester and would like to know if it is now safe to have a drink with dinner. The health-care worker's best response would be:
"Because no one knows how much or how little alcohol it takes to cause fetal problems, it is recommended that you abstain throughout your pregnancy."
A woman rejects the plan for her to bring the newborn to the health clinic before the seventh day of life to repeat the test for phenylketonuria (PKU) stating that it is too early for her to come. The culturally competent health-care worker would ask:
"Do you need more time to heal after your delivery?"
The parent of a 12-month-old says, "He pushes the spoon right out of my hand and screams when I feed him. I can't let him feed himself, he makes too much of a mess." The best response is:
"He is old enough to try to feed himself. Let's think of ways to limit the mess."
A woman delivered a baby 1 hour ago. The nurse is ready to assist her with breastfeeding. The woman states she cannot breastfeed until her "good" milk comes in. She says she is afraid the "thin" milk will harm the baby. The nurse's best response is:
"I understand that you believe this colostrum is unhealthy for the baby. Let's talk about feeding alternatives until your milk comes in."
A nurse is recollecting Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. What is the characteristic of the oral stage?
"In the oral stage, the infant realizes that he or she is a separate individual."
Parents of a newborn ask about the baby's vision and specifically want to know what visual stimuli they should provide for the newborn. The most appropriate response is:
"Newborns have good near vision. A brightly colored mobile to hang over the crib is a good choice for your baby."
The parents of a 6-month-old infant say that they are worried about their baby's thumb-sucking. The reply that is most informative would be:
"Nonnutritive sucking during infancy is normal"
A new mother of a baby girl who has a 2 1/2-year-old son at home says, "I don't know how I'll ever manage both children when I get home." The most informative response would be:
"You may see babyish behavior in your son, which is a typical reaction."
A mother is concerned that her 12-month-old is "getting fat." She plans to switch the infant from formula to 2% low-fat milk. Based on knowledge of infant nutrition, the best response should be:
"Your child needs whole milk instead of low-fat milk to promote proper growth and development."
The health-care worker ensures doting parents that they will hear the first meaningful words from their infant when the baby is about ______ months old.
10
A child who weighed 6 pounds at birth will weigh approximately ____ pounds at the age of 12 months.
18
The usual initial age at which infants begin to demonstrate meaningful social smiles in response to parental interaction is at:
2 months
The Moro (startle) reflex, which is present at birth, disappears normally at the age of:
3 months
The young pregnant woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus should get at least ____ minutes of exercise a day to control weight and blood glucose.
30
The health-care worker instructs the parents of an infant that they can expect the first tooth eruption at the age of:
6 months
The term fetus refers to an embryo that is _____ weeks old.
9
At what age would the health-care worker expect an infant to be able to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning?
9-10 months
The information that should be given to the parents of a 12-month-old regarding appropriate play activities would include which of the following?
Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.
Which statement made by the client illustrates the love and belonging need based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
I hardly speak to my children because they live in different countries
Match each stage with the correct name for Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.
Individualism and exchange- Stage 2 Social Contract Orientation- Stage 5 Social Order- Stage 4 Punishment and obedience orientation- Stage 1 Good interpersonal relationships- Stage 3 Universal ethical principle orientation- Stage 6
In which order would the nurse arrange the human needs of Maslow's hierarchy? Arrange from the top priority need to the lowest priority need.
Physiological Safety Social Self-esteem Self-actualization
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, in which order would the nurse prioritize his or her actions?
Providing a warm bath to the client to promote a good night's sleep Encouraging a client to talk about his or her fears and feelings Assisting the client in getting out of bed to join family members for meals Praising a client for administering insulin accurately
According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which behavior is consistent with a problem involving trust versus mistrust?
Woman whose parents were chronic alcoholics has problems making friends
The 5-month-old should demonstrate:
ability to grasp an object voluntarily
Object permanence is:
actively searching for a hidden object.
The pH of the female reproductive tract and estrogen level have an effect on fertilization in that they:
affect the speed of the ova and sperm entering the fallopian tube.
Which is the characteristic of the preoperational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
an infant may learn to think with the use of symbols and mental images
Warnings that are appropriate to an exercising pregnant woman in her second trimester of pregnancy would include:
avoiding exercises that require the supine position
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which milestone would the nurse expect a 6-month-old infant to demonstrate?
beginning of object permanence
A nurse educates a parent about Erikson's theory of child development. At which age would the nurse advise the parent to begin instilling a sense of trust in the child?
birth to 1 year
What is a possible indication of child abuse on an 11-month-old?
bruises in various stages of healing
_____________________ growth refers to the progression of the growth pattern that proceeds from head to toe. For example, infants are able to lift their heads before they can sit, and they are able to sit before they can stand.
cephalocaudal
Good prenatal nutrition is stressed to an expectant mother because poor nutrition could increase the baby's risk of _____________ in later life.
coronary artery disease
The newlywed couple most appropriately referred to genetic counseling would be the:
couple, one of whom has sickle cell trait
Which age-appropriate toy(s) for a 3-month-old infant should be recommended? (Select all that apply.)
crib mobile soft or furry quilt stuffed animals
After delivery, the new father is staring intently at his newborn and lightly running his fingertips over the baby's face. The father is beginning:
engrossment
The ELSI program has been developed for the purpose of:
evaluating the ethical, legal, and social implications of gene therapy
Development of neural tube defects seems to be more common in the fetuses of pregnant women whose diet is low in:
folic acid
Regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy, the nurse would advise:
foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 4 to 7 days.
The Human Genome Project is credited with the development of significant research on the subject of:
gene mapping
A complete set of DNA contained in all human cells is referred to as a(n) __________.
genome
The parents of a 3-month-old complain that they are exhausted because she still wakes up as often as every 1 to 2 hours during the night. When she awakens, they change her diaper, and her mother nurses her back to sleep. The best suggestion would be to:
give the baby a pacifier while the child is in a semi-awake state.
A parent of an 8-month-old infant says that the baby cries and screams whenever she is left with her grandparents. The reply should be based on the fact that the:
infant is experiencing separation anxiety
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about Kohlberg's theory. Which stages does a nurse include under the first level of the theory? Select all that apply.
instrument relativist orientation punishment and obedience orientation
The nurse is explaining to a parent about Freud's theory of child development. What stages does the nurse include in the discussions? Select all that apply.
latency stage phallic stage
Even infants can develop coping skills, which allow the infant to:
manage a stressful situation
Which stage of the development should the nurse document for an infant when using Freud's theory of psychosexual development?
oral
According to Freud, in what order do the stages of child development occur?
oral anal oedipal (phallic) latency genital
A 9-month-old infant who appears well-nourished, alert, and happy is brought to the well-baby clinic for a routine physical examination. Using Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the nurse determines that the infant is in which stage?
oral-sensory stage
An appropriate play activity to encourage sensorimotor stimulation in a 7-month-old would be:
playing peek-a-boo
The home health-care worker can help a father in his transition to parenthood by:
pointing out that the infant recognizes his voice
The parents of a 2-month-old bring their infant to the well-child clinic for a checkup and immunizations. Based on knowledge of immunization schedules, the health-care worker instructs the parents that the infant should receive which vaccine(s)? (Select all that apply.)
polio HepB DTaP
Which activities would the nurse perform to meet the client's safety and security needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
positioning the bed in a low position and keeping the side rails up monitoring the vital signs, such as BP to decrease the risk of falls observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents
During a telephone follow-up conversation 5 days postpartum, the woman tells the health-care worker, "I don't know what's wrong with me. I love my baby, but I seem to be crying all the time!" The woman is most likely experiencing:
postpartum blues
After the delivery of the newborn, the major focus for its well-being is to:
prevent heat loss
What is the correct order of the stages according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
punishment and obedience orientation instrument relativist orientation good boy-nice girl orientation society-maintaining orientation social contract orientation universal ethical principle orientatio
The health-care worker observes several interactions between a postpartum woman and her newborn. The behavior that would be assessed as maladaptive is:
seldo make eye contact with the baby
In which stage of Piaget's theory of growth and development does an infant develop an action pattern to deal with the environment?
sensorimotor
Which Piaget stage of cognitive development does the child belong, when attempting to find a hidden toy after it has been shown to the child then removed from line of sight?
sensorimotor
Which period of Piaget's theory describes the idea of object permanence?
sensorimotor
A 15-year-old mother seems to ignore her newborn. A strategy that the health-care worker can use to facilitate mother-infant attachment in this mother is to:
show the mother how the baby initiates interaction in face-to-face encounters
"Taking hold" is occurring when the new mother:
shows interest in learning more about infant care
characteristics of dizygotic twins include their being:
similar to each other as any sibling
A 2-month-old uses the preverbal speech technique of:
smiling
The difference between a nurse midwife and a doula is that a doula is a:
specially trained coach that stays with the mother during labor and delivery.
The parents of a 6-month-old infant say, "She cries sometimes after we have put her down after we have played with her. We know she is dry and has recently been fed." The most appropriate intervention is to suggest that the baby:
still wants parental stimulation
In speaking with a group of parents, the health-care worker informs them that in the case of a premature delivery, the fetus of 25 weeks gestation has many attributes that would help support extrauterine life. These include: (Select all that apply.)
surfactant on the lungs respiratory movements
A young, newly pregnant woman who led a sedentary life prior to pregnancy asks what sort of exercise would be beneficial. Helpful suggestions would be to engage in regular:
swimming
To support the development of language skills in their child, the parents should:
talk to the infant in their native language.
According to Freud's theory of development, the best toy for an infant would be a:
teething ring
According to Erikson, infancy is concerned with acquiring a sense of:
trust
Using Erikson's theory of development, which task would the nurse determine that a healthy 9-month-old infant is in the process of achieving?
trust
Which stage of Erikson's theory focuses on the needs of an infant?
trust versus mistrust
The _____________ is the cell formed by the union of the sperm and ovum.
zygote
