NUR 208 Lesson 6 (Adolescence)

A nursing student is listing various stages of Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which situation indicates that the individual has reached the Instrumental Relativist Orientation stage?

"An individual identifies that there is more than one right view."

The registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding 'Preconventional Reasoning' needs correction?

"In this level, the client sees moral reasoning based on his or her own personal internalization of societal and others' expectations."

When a 16-year-old student tells her mother that she is going to go to work for 30 hours a week to earn money to buy a car, the most therapeutic response would be:

"Will working 30 hours a week interfere with school?"

Early adolescence is considered to begin at the age of:

10 years.

Ovulation occurs about ___ days before menstruation starts

14

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which statement about conventional reasoning is true?

A person wants to fulfill family expectations.

The peer group serves as: (Select all that apply.) A.) a major step in separation from family dependence. B.) a practice area for forming relationships. C.) a source of social interaction. D.) the only source for role modeling. E.) a status symbol of membership.

A, B, C, E

Which stages are a part of conventional reasoning, according to the Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Select all that apply. A.) Society-maintaining orientation B.) Universal ethical principle orientation C.) Good boy-nice girl orientation D.) Social contract orientation E.) Instrumental relativist orientation F.) Punishment and obedience orientation

A, C

A nurse is examining different situations that represent the superego component of human personality, as per Sigmund Freud. Which situations accurately represent superego? Select all that apply. A.) A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. B.) A client who needs to urinate does so beside the bed instead of waiting for the nurse to assist him or her. C.) A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. D.) A client feels the urge to run away from the hospital but refrains from doing so because the security guard is watching. E.) A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels.

A, C, E

According to Erikson's theory, which behaviors will the nurse notice in 13-year-old students? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) Such students want to know Who am I? B.) Such students exhibit the sense of care for others. C.) Such students show eagerness to learn social skills. D.) Such students like to pretend and try out different new roles. E.) Such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance.

A, E

Which statements by a 17-year-old client who is diagnosed with leukemia reflects Piaget's cognitive processes associated with adolescence? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) My smoking pot probably caused the leukemia. B.) I'm going to do my best to fight this awful disease. C.) Now I can't go to the prom because I have this stupid disease. D.) I know I got sick because I've been causing a lot of problems at home. E.) This illness is serious.

B, C, E

According to the definition of vigorous exercise published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2006, the exercise should: (Select all that apply.) A.) be at least 30 minutes in duration. B.) produce sweat. C.) be performed before meals. D.) increase respiration. E.) be practiced every day.

B, D

Which description by a student of the formal operations stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) Thinking moves toward abstract theory. B.) There is an absence of egocentric thought. C.) The individual engages in risk-taking behavior. D.) Reversibility in thought is the primary characteristic. E.) The capacity to reason with respect to possibilities is developed.

B, D

Which statement describes stage 4 of Kohlberg's theory? Select all that apply. A.) Child recognizes that there is more than one right view. B.) Individual wants to win approval and maintain the expectations of one's immediate group. C.) Adolescents choose to avoid a party where they know beer will be served. D.) Child shows respect for authority and maintains the social order. E.) Child's response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules.

C, D

According to Piaget's theory, which of these is true about the period of formal operations? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) Children develop a scheme for dealing with the environment. B.) Children are able to describe a process without actually doing it. C.) Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. D.) Children believe that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do. E.) Children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience.

C, E

Which characteristics develop in an adolescent according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) Animism B.) Ability to understand the process of reversibility C.) Ability to reason with respect to possibilities D.) Action patterns for dealing with the environment E.) Feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness

C, E

A nursing instructor asks a student about the development of adolescents according to Piaget's theory. Which statement made by the student about adolescents indicates a need for further education? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) Risk-taking behaviors are exhibited. B.) They consider their thoughts to be unique. C.) Egocentric thought is prevalent. D.) Using knowledge to achieve a goal is emphasized. E.) They have the ability to recognize different answers for different situations.

D, E

A professor asks a student nurse to explain the stage when an adolescent has prevalence of egocentric thought. Which period of the Piaget's theory will the nurse explain?

Formal operations

In which period of Piaget's theory does the adolescent feel a sense of invulnerability?

Formal operations

According to Erikson's developmental psychosocial theory, which is expected by 20 years of age?

Having a coherent sense of self and planning to accomplish future goals

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, a person's adjustment to the period of adolescence will depend largely on the adjustment the individual made to which developmental stage?

Identity versus role confusion

According to the Erikson's theory, which stage describes the will of an adolescent to achieve a goal?

Identity versus role confusion

Which period of Piaget's theory explains self-consciousness in an adolescent?

Period IV

Which needs would the nurse address using Maslow's hierarchy of needs when caring for an emancipated minor reporting improper nutrition?

Physiological

According to Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning, at which phase of life would a child develop premoral orientation?

Preschool

According to Erikson, which would the nurse anticipate when assessing an adolescent?

Questioning sexual identity

According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which outcome will occur if an individual fails to master the maturational crisis of adolescence?

Role confusion

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which stage is a part of conventional reasoning?

Society-maintaining orientation

An adolescent tells the nurse, "I do not go to parties that serve alcohol, not because my dad doesn't like it, but because I know this is not right." What STAGE does the statement indicate according to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

Society-maintaining orientation

The registered nurse is teaching the student nurse about Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. While teaching, the registered nurse states, "Children follow the parents' rule of being at home on time." Which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is the registered nurse explaining?

Stage II

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does an individual show societal concerns?

Stage IV

According to Freud, which aspect of one's life helps in the development of personality?

The need for sensual pleasure

The school nurse is discussing testicular self-examination with adolescent boys. This is important because:

adolescence is the best time to teach preventative health measures.

In planning sex education and contraceptive teaching for adolescents, the health-care worker should recognize that:

adolescents frequently do not have a basic understanding of fertility.

When considering the effect of culture on an adolescent, the health-care worker recognizes that culture:

affects the development of health beliefs and health-care practices.

The school nurse presenting a sex-education class to a group of 14-year-olds would stress that the birth control method that can prevent STDs, if used correctly, is the:

condom.

A group of parents are concerned about their adolescent children and dating. The health-care worker points out that:

dating can have a positive impact on developing problem-solving and social skills.

According to Piaget, the cognitive development of the adolescent progresses to the ___________ stage by middle adolescence.

formal

The initiation of puberty is controlled by the secretions from the

hypothalamus.

According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing a sense of _____________.

identity

The school nurse tells adolescents that privacy and confidentiality will be maintained unless a life-threatening situation arises. This practice is:

important in establishing trusting relationships.

The health-care worker reminds a group of parents of adolescents that as they find their own identity, adolescents will demonstrate:

less emotional dependence on parents.

The school nurse would inform parents who are seeking information regarding adolescent masturbation that:

masturbation is normal in adolescents and is more common among boys.

The appropriate term for the initial menstrual period is:

menarche.

The school nurse plans to include information about oral sex in a sex-education class for 15-year-olds. The most significant reason to include this information is that:

middle adolescents may not consider oral sex a sexual act or a risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

The leading cause of teenage deaths is related to:

motor vehicle accidents.

During puberty, girls experience an increase in weight and redistribution of fat. Health-care considerations related to this include:

providing reassurance that these changes are normal.

The term__________ refers to the functional ability to reproduce.

puberty

Adolescents are more likely to participate in health-care services when they:

see the health-care provider as caring and respectful.

When an adolescent boy tells the health-care worker that he has recently had a homosexual encounter with his best friend, the response should be based on knowledge that this event suggests that the adolescent:

should be encouraged to discuss this event.

According to Kohlberg's moral development, the 15-year-old adolescent is motivated by:

the need to conform and please others.

A 15-year-old athlete is concerned that the darkening pigment on his scrotum is related to his frequent masturbation. The best response would be based on the knowledge that the color change is:

the result of increase in androgens.

Which of these statements are true about an adolescent according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Select all that apply. A.) "An individual expands his or her focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns." B.) "An individual's response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules." C.) "An individual's thoughts are influenced by moral decisions and behaviors." D.) "An individual recognizes that there is more than one correct view."

A, C

Which activities would the nurse perform to meet the client's safety and security needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) Providing a cold bath to reduce the client's body temperature B.) Positioning the bed in a low position and keeping the side rails up C.) Monitoring vital signs, such as blood pressure to decrease the risk of falls D.) Observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents E.) Collaborating with family members to provide emotional support for the client post-surgery

B, C, D

A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about the level "conventional reasoning" in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Which statements made by the student indicate the need of further teaching? Select all that apply. A.) "An individual seeks the approval of and maintains the expectations of one's immediate group." B.) "A child's response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules." C.) "An individual follows societal law but recognizes the possibility of changing the law to improve society." D.) "Individuals expand their focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns." E.) "A child recognizes that there is more than one correct view."

B, C, E

Which situations come under the second level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) A client tells the nurse that he or she has no friends. B.) A client tells the nurse that he or she is taunted by his or her boss every day. C.) A client tells the nurse that his or her spouse belongs to a criminal gang. D.) A client tells the nurse that he or she does not like interacting with people. E.) A client tells the nurse that he or she lives beside a factory that manufactures harmful chemicals.

B, C, E

Which statement made by the client indicates the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) I fear that this relationship will not last B.) I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. C.) When I look back at my life D.) I want to get a clear skin like my best friend E.) I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot.

B, D, E

Which of these characteristics are found in an adolescent according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) The adolescent develops a conscience. B.) The adolescent concentrates on work and play. C.) The adolescent develops autonomy by making choices. D.) The adolescent is concerned about his or her appearance and body image. E.) The adolescent acquires a sense of identity by participating in decision-making.

D, E

A client says, I do not want to go back to school because I fear that everyone will laugh at me. Which level of need does the given scenario refer to according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Fourth level, which includes self-esteem needs

According to Erikson's theory, which of these actions can predispose an adolescent to being in a state of confusion?

If an adolescent fails to establish a sense of identity

One birth control option that requires a subdermal insertion and lasts up to 3 years is___________.

Implanon

The parents of an adolescent are concerned about the amount of time their adolescent spends daydreaming and "doing nothing." The health-care worker recognizes that:

daydreams help the adolescent think through responses to various situations and can be a safe outlet for strong emotions.

When providing health teaching for middle adolescents, the health-care worker should recognize that middle adolescents:

develop the ability to demonstrate deductive reasoning.

A 14-year-old girl tells the school nurse that she has not started to menstruate and that all of her friends have. The nurse's best response to the girl would be to:

explain that this is not unusual as sexual maturing can occur as late as 15 years of age.

The factor that has the greatest impact on the likelihood that an adolescent will begin drinking alcohol is:

friends drink alcohol.

A school nurse is conducting a sex-education class for early adolescent girls. One girl asks how to tell when she could become pregnant. The nurse explains that:

ovulation, and the most fertile period, occurs about 14 days before menstruation begins.

The health-care worker is sensitive to the fact that health concerns consistent with middle adolescence are focused on:

physical appearance.

An adolescent tells the school nurse that she is about 4 months pregnant. She has had no medical care and states that although she smokes, she doesn't use any drugs. The priority nursing action is to:

refer her for prenatal care.