psych unit 6
a student who scored at the mode would have how many points?
5
12, 3, 3, 4, 8 what is the mean of the set of numbers above?
6
A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?
77
which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the role of context effects in memory
Amy studied for a vocabulary test in the same classroom and at the same time of day as the normal class, and she performed better on the test than students who studied in different classrooms under different conditions.
brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?
Broca's area
what is the best way to ensure the results of the study on generalizable to a population?
By using a random selection of people in that population
Dr. Rudolph's class has a big test coming up next week. Which of the following students is using a studying strategy that is most likely to lead to memory consolidation?
Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam
which of the following is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue effect?
Emma is telling her friend hat she did over summer vacation when she discovers she cannot think of a specific word that she would like to say. she stops telling the story, because she has the distinct feeling that she is about to be able to think of the word if she waits just a moment
which of the following best illustrates Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve?
Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had forgotten a lot of italian. years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip
Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?
Hammer, anvil, and stirrup
which of the following has been shown to have positive correlation?
Perceived lack of control and learned helplessness
when confronted with the seqence "___N___" at the end of a word in a crossword puzzle, Tony inserts the letters "I" and "G" in the two blanks because that procedure has often led to the correct answer in previous puzzles. This example illustrates the use of
a heuristic
The difficulty many people have recalling the details of common objects such as pennies can best be explained by
a lack of encoding
jordan earns a trick to solve one particular type of math problem. he then uses the same trick to solve other types of math problems, even though it does not word and he keeps getting the wrong answer. Jordan's use of the trick is an example of
a mental set
When Cory is given a logic problem to solve, he systematically tries every possible solution until he finds the correct answer. Cory's strategy is to use
an algorithm
When trying to solve a problem, Bret uses a logical, step-by-step formula called
an algorithm
Dr. Larson was interested in whether classical music helps students perform better on a test. Dr. Larson randomly assigned half of the study's participants to a group that listened to classical music while taking a test. The other half of the participants did not listen to music while taking a test. The research design Dr. Larson used is
an experiment
John's suffered a head in an accident five years ago. He now has clear 1/1 memories of events that occurred before the accident, but he has great difficulty remembering any of the experiences he has had since the accident. John's symptoms describe
anterograde amnesia
after having a stroke resulting from a blocage of blood to the medial temporal love, Gerald could not remember new information, such as the books he had just read, new songs he had just heard, or the faces of new people he had just met. Gerald was experiencing
anterograde amnesia
If Juan tried to learn a long list of words, he would be most likely to forget words that
appeared in the middle of the list
ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association helps ensure that human participants in psychological research
are protected from physical and psychological harm
Hermann Ebbinghaus tested his memory using combinations of three-letter nonsense syllables. which of the following graphs best represents his findings about the relationship between forgetting and time?
decreasing L shape
the automatic nervous system is mostly directly involved in
digesting food
According to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves
encoding
Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of
episodic memory
the "Little Albert" study demonstrates that
fear can be conditioned in humans
the perceived pitch of tone is largely determined by its
frequency
Denny does not have wrapping paper to use to wrap a birthday present, and 1/1 so he decides to use colorful newspaper comics instead. Denny's solution demonstrates that he has overcome
functional fixedness
Four-year-old Scott fell down the stairs at his grandmother's house. Although he was not badly hurt, he was very frightened. Now, whenever his parents mention visiting his grandmother's house, he feels anxious and fearful. In classical conditioning terms, what are the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the scenario, respectively?
grandmother's house, falling
Bally and Marcus packed everything they thought they would need for a weekend camping trip, when it rained and they realized they had not brought rain gear, Bally said, "I knew we should have packed raincoats!" Bailey's thinking illustrates which of the following concepts?
hindsight bias
Hilary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use?
iconic
which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect?
it can be brought about by the individual's expectations
which of the following statements is most consistent with Benjamin Whorf's concept of linguistic determinism?
language shapes the way an individual thinks and interprets experiences.
In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each word, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group A. Memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in
levels of processing
A word or part of a word that is in itself meaningful, but that cannot be broken into smaller meaningful units, is called a
morphene
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all
neurotransmitters that excite or inhabit a neural signal across a synapse
After Sharon stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time, she looks at a white surface and sees a red patch of color. This perceptual phenomenon is best explained by
opponent-process theory
All human languages have several basic sounds in common called
phonemes
Yun was learning English as an adult. She found that she had trouble with some of the sounds in English because those sounds were not part of her native Chinese. The difficulty she was having involved
phonemes
people who have difficulty remembering recently learned materials because of similar information learned earlier in life are demonstrating the phenomenon of
proactive interference
A sudden inability to remember how to tie a certain kind of knot indicates a deficit in which kind of memory?
procedural
a function of dendrites is to
receive information from other neurons
which of the following increases the chance that an individual will remember a telephone number that has been called several times within a short period?
rehearsal
an individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called
selective attention
an individual's recall tends to be better for information that is personally relevant primarily due to which of the following phenomena?
self-reference effect
the chart below illustrates which of the following psychological concepts?
serial position effect
which part of the brain represented above is indicated by A?
somatosensory cortex
which of the following most accurately describes a dependent variable?
some aspect of a participant's response that is measured in an experiment
the utterance "likes dog my swim to" does not sound correct because it violates the rules of
syntax
A prototype is best defined as
the hypothetical "most typical" instance of a category
Ernest Weber's and Gustav Fechner's psychophysical law concern the relation between which of the following?
the intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation
A few people witness an assault. Before the police arrive, one witness confidently tells the others that the assailant was wearing a green shirt, though in fact the shirt was blue. Later, when the police interview each witness individually, almost all of them state that they remember a green shirt. The memory error is referred to as
the misinformation effect
Achariya is lost. She quickly scans the crowd and decides to ask an elderly woman for directions because she believes the woman will be kind. Which method of problem solving did Achariya most likely use?
the representativeness heuristic
