NURS 403 Ch.2 Quiz Introduction to Quantitative Research

Which are some characteristics of descriptive research?

-Exploration and description of phenomena in real life situations -Provides an accurate account of characteristics of particular individuals, situations, or groups -Occurs in natural settings -No manipulation of the situation - Done to discover meaning, describe what exists, determine frequency, categorize info

What are the 6 parts of a research report?

1. Abstract 2. Introductions 3. Methods 4. Results 5. Discussion 6. References

What are the 3 main characteristics of experimental research?

1. controlled manipulation of at least one treatment variable (independent variable) 2. exposure of some of the subjects to treatment (experimental group) and no exposure of the remaining subjects (control group) 3. random assignment of subjects to the control or experimental group

What are the 11 steps of the quantitative research process?

1. research problem and purpose 2. review of relevant literature 3. study framework 4. research objectives, questions, or hypotheses 5. study variables 6. study design 7. population and sample 8. measurement methods 9. data collection 10. data analysis 11. discussion of research outcomes

15. The nurse researcher is conducting a lecture series on how to report research findings. A participant raises his or her hand and asks "Which section in the research report would one read to obtain a clear, concise summary of the study?" What is the researcher's best response?

Abstract

Clear and concise summary of study include study purpose, design setting, sample size, major results, and conclusions What part of the report is this?

Abstract

What is experimental research?

An objective, systematic, highly controlled investigation conducted for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena

1. The nurse researcher conducts a literature review and discovers a research article entitled, "The Effect of Massage to Decrease Musculoskeletal Pain: an Intervention Study." Based on this title, what type of research was employed for this study?

Applied

25. The nurse on a medical surgical unit would like to use the research process to find a solution to the current infection rates for postsurgical patients. Which type of research would be employed?

Applied research

7. The nurse researcher states "People want to maintain control of their own health problems." This is an example of which of the following?

Assumption

Who is pure research's dirty twin?

Basic research Interchangable names basic research is the same as pure research

What is the nursing process?

ADPIE assessment, diagnosis, plan, implementation, evaluation

What is applied research?

AKA practical research investigation done to generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice

22. The nurse researcher is searching the literature for a study that examines a new area of research where little information is available. Which type of research is the nurse seeking?

Descriptive

What are the 4 common types of quantitative research?

Descriptive Correlational Quasi-experimental Experimental

6. The purpose of a study was to identify caring behavior desired by patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This purpose statement indicates that this is probably a/an:

Descriptive Study

Control: No intervention. Limited or no control of extraneous variables Setting: natural or partially controlled setting What type of research is this?

Descriptive or Correlational

discussion of major findings, identification of the limitations, presentation of conclusions, implications of findings for nursing, recommendations for further research What part of the report is this?

Discussion

What is quasi-experimental research?

Examines cause-and-effect relationships Less control by researcher than true experimental designs Samples are not randomly selected. All variables in the study cannot be controlled by the researcher.

23. The nurse researcher is searching the literature for a study that is highly controlled study that is often conducted in a laboratory setting. Which type of research is the nurse seeking?

Experimental

3. The nurse researcher is conducting a research study in a highly controlled environment. This is an example of what type of study?

Experimental

Control: Highly controlled intervention and extraneous variables Setting: Research unit or laboratory

Experimental

What is the most powerful quantitative method of research?

Experimental research

What is descriptive research?

Exploration and description of phenomena in real-life situations New meaning is discovered and the description of concepts is accomplished Helps to identify relationships

4. A nurse researcher studied parenting behavior of new parents. The researcher conducted observations and interviews with the parents in their home. What type of setting was used for this study?

Field setting

Examining the results from data analysis

Interpretation of research outcomes

Statement of the problem, statement of purpose, brief lit review, identification of the framework, identification of research objective, questions, or hypothesis What part of the report is this?

Introduction

13. The nurse researcher is conducting a lecture series on how to report research findings. The researcher begins with an overview of the four major parts most often included in a research report. Which of the following would be included in this overview?

Introduction, methods, results, and discussion

Statistical approaches were developed by?

Karl Pearson

How does quasi-expperimental research studies differ from experimental studies?

Level of control quasi experimental studies exercise less control over the manipulation of the situation whereas experimental research is in a highly controlled environment

What is correlational research?

Looks at the relationship between two or more variables Determines the strength and type of relationship Explains what is seen No cause and effect

10. A study has a poorly developed method for measuring spiritual distress. This is an example of which of the following?

Methodological limitation

8. The nurse researcher is evaluating a study that had a sample size of 15 subjects, and 5 of the subjects dropped out of the study before it was completed. This situation is an example of a/an:

Methodological limitation

identification of the research design, description of the treatment/intervention, description of sampling/setting, description of methods of measurement, discussion of the data collection process What part of the report is this?

Methods

What are the 3 common settings for conducting research?

Natural Partially Controlled Highly Controlled

2. In comparing the nursing process and research process, one can say that the evaluation and modification step of the nursing process has similarities with which of the following steps of the research process?

Outcomes and dissemination of findings

5. A nurse researcher was studying the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation program on the heart rate, respiratory rate, and functional status of patients 2 months after a myocardial infarction. The study was conducted in the rehabilitation center where the researcher controlled the consistent implementation of the treatment. What type of setting was used for this study?

Partially controlled

The most common sources for nursing research reports are _____ _____.

Professional journals

______ research is a formal, objective, rigorous, systematic process for generating numerical information about the world.

Quantitative research

18. The nurse researcher is implementing a treatment of a low-calorie diet to determine the impact of the diet on body weight. This is an example of what type of study?

Quasi-experimental

21. The nurse researcher is searching the literature for a study that examines the examination of cause and effect relationships in partially controlled settings. Which type of research is the nurse seeking?

Quasi-experimental

Control: Controlled intervention. Rigorous control of extraneous variables Setting: Partially controlled setting

Quasi-experimental

19. The nurse researcher is skimming research studies to find the study with the highest control. Which of the following samples would yield the least bias?

Randomly assigns subjects to a treatment and control group

Correlational research involves the systematic investigation of ______?

Relationships between or among variables

description of the data analysis procedures, presentation of results in tables, figures, etc What part of the report is this?

Results

What is the process of selecting participants who are representative of the population being studied called?

Sampling

What is basic research?

Scientific investigations conducted for the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge's sake or for the pleasure of learning and finding truth for the hope to generate and refine theory. How precious.

Who had the wonderful idea of running classic experimental designs to test the effectiveness of treatments? Bonus: He is also noted for adding structure to the steps of quantitative research (aka: hypothesis, research design, and statistical analysis)

Sir Ronald Fischer He provided the groundwork for experimental research

14. The nurse researcher is conducting a lecture series on how to report research findings. A participant raises her hand and asks "In which section would I include the implications of the findings for nursing and the recommendations for further research?" What is the researcher's best response?

The discussion section

Define rigor.

The striving for excellence in research Could include precise measuring tools, a representative sample,and a tightly controlled study design

9. A nurse researcher conducted a study with Becker's health belief model as the framework for the study. The researcher did not provide conceptual definitions for the variables. This is an example of a/an:

Theoretical limitation

How is the strength of a relationship in correlational research measured?

a scale ranging from -1 (perfect negative relationship) to +1 perfect positive correlation

The report usually begins with an _____.

abstract

Framework

abstract basis for the study enables researcher to link findings to nursing's body of research

What is precision?

an aspect of rigor accuracy, detail, and order

What is a partially controlled setting?

an environment that the researched has modified in some way *increasing number of nursing studies are in this type of setting

What is a research problem?

area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge needed for nursing practice

What is a highly controlled setting?

artificially constructed environment developed for the sole purpose of conducting research

Theory

assumptions used to describe, explain, predict, or control the phenomenon

24. The nurse knows that __________________ is conducted to generate and refine theory, and is frequently not directly useful in practice.

basic research

What is a problem-solving process?

collection of data to identify problem, setting goals related to problem, finding approaches to achieve goals, implementing approaches, and the evaluating them

What is a quantitative research process?

conceptualizing a research project, planning and implementing the project, and communicating the findings

Pilot study

conducted to refine the study sampling process, treatment, or measurement of variables soooo pretty much just a more focused study

The imposing of rules by researchers to decrease the possibility of error is called?

control

The precise, systematic gathering of info relevant to the research purpose/topic

data collection

17. A nurse researcher developed a descriptive correlational blueprint for conducting a study to examine hopelessness and anxiety in patients who are diagnosed with breast cancer. This statement clarifies which of the following steps of the research process?

design

The primary intent of correlational studies is to what?

explain the nature if relationships in the real world, not to determine cause and effect

Generalization

extension of conclusions made based on research findings

What are 4 elements of control in quantitative studies?

extraneous variables sampling process selection of setting development and implementation of the study intervention

What are some research outcomes?

findings, limitations, generalizations of findings, conclusions, implications for nursing, and suggestions for further research

You may ask yourself what is an extraneous variable?

it interferes with obtaining a clear understanding of the relationship among variables controlling these naughty types of variables enables the researcher to determine the effects of interventions or treatment more accurately

What is the research purpose?

it is generated from the problem and identifies the specific focus/goal of the study

Quantitative studies are often conducted with _____ samples.

non-random because random samples are difficult to obtain in nursing

Researched develop an ____ ____ so that the variable can be measured or manipulated in a study.

operational definition

16. In reading a research report, the nurse researcher notes that depression was measured with the Beck depression inventory. The scale is an example of a/an:

operational definition.

A negative relationship indicated variables vary in _____

opposition one variable increases the other decreases and vice versa

All elements (individuals, objects, substances) that meet certain criteria for inclusion in a study

population

Measurement

process of assigning numbers to objects in accord with some rule using an instrument

Conceptual definition

provides a concept with theoretical meaning

What does a process include?

purpose series of actions goal

The purpose of ________ is to examine causal relationships of determine effect of one variable on another.

quasi-experimental

What are some typical features of an experiment?

randomizing subjects into groups collecting data conducting statistical analysis

What is data analysis?

reduces, organizes, and gives meaning to the data

____ ___ is a blueprint for the conduct of a study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the study's desired outcome.

research design

A ___ ____ summarizes the major elements of a study and identifies the contributions of that study to nursing knowledge

research report

Limitations are ____ in a study that may decrease the credibility of the findings

restrictions

Conducting quantitative research requires ___ and ___

rigor and control

12. The nurse researcher conducts a quick review, and reads and critiques research sources to gain a broad overview of the content. This is an example of which of the following?

skimming

Reading research reports involves what 3 things?

skimming, comprehending, and analyzing the report

Assumptions

statements taken for granted or believed to be true but have not been scientifically tested

Sample

subset of the population selected for a study

11. A nurse researcher was summarizing the research to determine the latest technique for giving intramuscular (IM) injections. The researcher summarized what was known and not known about giving IM injections. This is an example of ________ sources.

synthesizing

The most explicit example of precision is ____?

the measurement or quantification of the study variables.

The purpose of applied research is?

to solve problems, make decisions, and predict or control outcomes in real life practice

A positive relationship indicates variables vary _____

together both variables increase or decrease together

What does natural setting mean?

uncontrolled real life situation not manipulated

What is a review of relevant research?

using pertinent sources that provide knowledge needed to study the problem. generates info on what is known and not known and reasoning of why it needs to be studied.

Concepts at various levels of abstraction that are measured, manipulated, or controlled in a study

variables

20. The nurse researcher is searching the literature for a study that examines the relationships between two or more variables. Which type of research is the nurse seeking?

Correlational

Quasi-experimental approaches were developed by?

Campbell and Stanley