Nurse Aide 1 Module H
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
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URINARY SYSTEM
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CARDIVASCULAR SYSTEM
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
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IMMUNE SYSTEM
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Friction
2 surfaces that rub together
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
a condition in which blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow, lowering blood supply to the heart and depriving it of oxygen
Asthma
a disease characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing and a sense of tightness or constriction in the chest due to spasm of the muscles
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
a heart attack; a condition where the heart muscles does not receive enough blood and lacks oxygen, causing damage or death to that area of the heart
Pressure Ulcers (pressure sores, decubitus ulcer, bed sore)
a serious wound caused by poor circulation, resulting from pressure
Urethra
a tube located between the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Pneumonia
acute (sudden onset) inflammation of the lungs
Cardiovascular System
also called the circulatory system and is the continuous movement of blood through the body
Gastrointestinal System
also known as the digestive system, extends from the mouth to the anus, and responsible for digestion and elimination
Bony Prominences
areas of body where bone is close to the skin, such as elbows, shoulder blades and sacrum
Homeostasis
balance
Cell Theory
basic unit of all living tissues or organisms, all living organisms made of cells and cellular function is the essential process of living things
Flexion
bending a body part
Plantar Flexion
bending the foot downward at the ankle
Dorsiflexion
bending the toes and foot upward at the ankle
Hematuria
blood in the urin
Arteries
blood vessels that carry blood with oxygen and nutrients away from the heart and to the cells
Veins
blood vessels that carry blood with waste products away from the cells and to the heart
Fracture
break in the bone
Cells
building blocks of the human body and when combined are said to form tissue need, food, water and oxygen to live and function
Metastasis
cancer spread to other parts of the body
Organelle
carries on work of cell
Tissue
cells grouped together to carry out a particular activity or function; when grouped together, tissue become organs
Cerebrum
center of the brain where thought and intelligence occur
Cyanosis
changes in skin color, pale or bluefish color of lips and extremities
Thorax
closed cavity of the body that contain the structures needed to respiration, extending from the base of the neck to the diaphragm
Ligaments
connect bone to bone
Tendons
connect muscle to bone
Lower Respiratory Tract
consists of lower trachea, bronchi and lungs
Upper Respiratory Tract
consists of nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and top of trachea
Blood
consists of water (90%), blood cells, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes and waste productes
Influenza
contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus
Epiglottis
covers larynx when swallowing preventing food from going into the airway
Muscle Strain
damage of the muscle caused by trauma
Glaucoma
damage to optic nerve caused by pressure
CVA (or stroke) cerebro vascular accident
damage to part of brain due to blood clot or hemorrhage cutting blood supply off
Kidney Failure
decreased ability to filter waste products
Dyspnea
difficulty breathing
Constipation
difficulty in expelling feces, incomplete or infrequent bowel movements, hard stool/inability to pass a stool
Osteoarthritis
disease affects weight-bearing joints, with aches, stiffness, limited motion
AIDS
disease caused by a virus and attacks the immune system and destroys infection-fighting and cancer-fighting cells of the body
Diabetes Mellitus
disorder of carbohydrate metabolism with decreased insulin production from the pancreas
Lungs
elastic, spongy, cone-shaped air-filled structures involved in respiration
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
emphysema, asthma and chronic bronchitis and problems related to these diseases
Hemorrhoids
enlarged veins in anal area
Varicose Veins
enlarged, twisted veins usually in the legs
Prostatic hypertrophy
enlargement of prostate gland; a donut shaped structure around the male urethra, leading to urinary dysfunction
Melanin
found in epidermis gives the skin primary color
Bones
hard and rigid structures that make up the skeleton and together form the framework of the body
Deafness
hearing loss
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Graves Disease
immune system attacks thyroid gland which causes it to secrete more thyroid hormone
Retention
inability to completely empty the bladder
Urinary Incontinence
inability to control urination
Otitis Media
infection of the middle ear
Cystitis
inflammation of bladder due to infection
Nephritis
inflammation of kidney due to infection
Dermatitis
inflammation of skin
Arthritis
inflammation of the joints
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal lining
Cardiac Muscle
involuntary muscle of the heart
Smooth Muscle
involuntary muscle of the inner linings of organs
Inspiration
involves the breathing in of oxygen
Respiratory System
involves the breathing in of oxygen and breathing out of carbon dioxide
Expiration
involves the breathing out of carbon dioxide
Emphysema
irreversible damage to the lungs causing permanent holes in the lung tissues
Calculi
kidney or bladder stones
Dermi
layer of skin under the epidermis contains hair and nail follicles, sweat and oil glands, blood vessels, nerves and touch receptors
Diarrhea
liquid stool
Brain
located in the skull and consists of three parts- cerebrum, cerebellum and the brainstem
Appendix
located where small & large intestine meet
Spinal Cord
located within the spring, connected to the brain and conducts messages between the brain and the body by pathways
Blindness
loss of eyesight
Anemia
low red blood cell count
Intestines (small and large)
lower GI structures. The small intestine has 3 parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum
System
made of groups of several organs functioning together for a specific purpose(s)
Organ
made of tissue, may be several different types of tissue that carry on a specific function and combine to form a system
Organism
made up of system functioning together to perform activities of daily living needed for continued life (ex. humans, trees, cats, ladybugs)
Urine
made up of water, salt and waste substance
Abduction
moving a body part away from the midline
Adduction
moving a body part toward the midline
Muscle Atrophy
muscle mass decreases in size
Urinary bladder
muscular sac that stores the urine until it passes from the body
Ureters
narrow tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Neurons
nerve cells
Hearing Loss
not being able to hear normal range of sounds that can be heard with normal hearing
Epidermis
outer later of skin containing melanin and nerve endings, but no blood vessels
Cerebral Cortex
outside of the cerebrum
Dysuria
painful urination
Kidneys
paired organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine
Cerebellum
part of the brain located just below the cerebrum that controls balance and regulates movement
Brainstem
part of the brain that controls breathing, opening and closing of blood vessels, heart rate, swallowing, gagging and coughing
Contracture
permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints
Joints
point where bones meet and consist of cartilage and connective tissue that cushion the bones, allowing for movement of the area
Pressure Points
points where the body bears much of the weight
Dementia
progressive loss of mental abilities, such as thinking and remembering
Parkinson's disease
progressive nervous disease due to destruction of brain cells
Sensory Organs
receive impulses from environment and relay impulses to brain including skin, tongue, nose, eyes and ears
Eczema
red, itchy areas on the surface of skin
Amputation
removal of all or part of a limb
Glands
secrete chemicals called hormones that regulate bodily function
Lobes
segments or areas of the lungs
Shearing
skin moves in one direction and underneath tissue remains fixes
Bone Marrow
soft and spongy inside part of the bone
Osteoporosis
spongy type of bone that breaks easily
Extension
straightening a body part
Sprain
stretched or torn ligaments or tendons
Muscles
structure of the body that powers movement of skeleton and helps body stay erect
Nerves
structures that are made up of nerve cells or neurons that carry messages to and from the brain, as well as to and from the body
Reproductive system
system allows human beings to create a new human life
Immune System
system defends threats both inside and outside the body
Endocrine System
system of glands that secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream to regulate body functions
Musculoskeletal System
system of the body that provides structure and movement for the body
Rheumatoid Arthritis
systemic, crippling disease causing deformities with stiff, painful, swollen joints
Pulse
the beat of the heart felt at an artery, a wave of blood passes through the artery; the number of heart beats per minute
Neurological System
the control and messages center of the body
Urinary System
the filtering system of the body, responsible for ridding body of waste products from blood
Esophagus
the good tube of the body between the throat and the stomach
Heart
the pump of the cardiovascular system
Diastole
the resting phase of the heart when the heart fills with blood; the bottom number of a blood pressure reading
Integumentary System
the skin; largest organ and system in the body, responsible for providing a natural protective covering of the body
Systole
the working phase of the heart is pumping blood to the body the top number of a blood pressure reading
Hypothyroidism
to little thyroxin
Hyperthyroidism
too much thyroxin
Opposition
touching the thumb to a finger of the same hand
Feces
tubular shaped stool passed from the rectum
Pronation
turning downward
Internal Rotation
turning the joint inward
External Rotation
turning the joint outward
Supination
turning upward
Ventricles (right and left)
two lower chambers of the heart
Atria (right and left)
two upper chambers of the heart
Pharynx
upper GI structure located in the back of the throat
UTI
urinary tract infection
Skeletal Muscle
voluntary muscle that powers movement of the skeleton
Cystocele
weakening of wall between urethra and vagina, leading to urinary incontinence
Exhale
when CO2 is expelled out of nose and the mouth from the lungs
Lupus
when immune system attacks tissues causing redness, pain, swelling and damage
Cataract
when lens of eye becomes cloudy
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
when one or both sides of the heart stop pumping effectively
