Nurse Aide 1 Module H

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

***

URINARY SYSTEM

***

CARDIVASCULAR SYSTEM

****

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

****

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

****

IMMUNE SYSTEM

****

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

****

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

****

NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM

****

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

****

Friction

2 surfaces that rub together

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

a condition in which blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow, lowering blood supply to the heart and depriving it of oxygen

Asthma

a disease characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing and a sense of tightness or constriction in the chest due to spasm of the muscles

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

a heart attack; a condition where the heart muscles does not receive enough blood and lacks oxygen, causing damage or death to that area of the heart

Pressure Ulcers (pressure sores, decubitus ulcer, bed sore)

a serious wound caused by poor circulation, resulting from pressure

Urethra

a tube located between the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Pneumonia

acute (sudden onset) inflammation of the lungs

Cardiovascular System

also called the circulatory system and is the continuous movement of blood through the body

Gastrointestinal System

also known as the digestive system, extends from the mouth to the anus, and responsible for digestion and elimination

Bony Prominences

areas of body where bone is close to the skin, such as elbows, shoulder blades and sacrum

Homeostasis

balance

Cell Theory

basic unit of all living tissues or organisms, all living organisms made of cells and cellular function is the essential process of living things

Flexion

bending a body part

Plantar Flexion

bending the foot downward at the ankle

Dorsiflexion

bending the toes and foot upward at the ankle

Hematuria

blood in the urin

Arteries

blood vessels that carry blood with oxygen and nutrients away from the heart and to the cells

Veins

blood vessels that carry blood with waste products away from the cells and to the heart

Fracture

break in the bone

Cells

building blocks of the human body and when combined are said to form tissue need, food, water and oxygen to live and function

Metastasis

cancer spread to other parts of the body

Organelle

carries on work of cell

Tissue

cells grouped together to carry out a particular activity or function; when grouped together, tissue become organs

Cerebrum

center of the brain where thought and intelligence occur

Cyanosis

changes in skin color, pale or bluefish color of lips and extremities

Thorax

closed cavity of the body that contain the structures needed to respiration, extending from the base of the neck to the diaphragm

Ligaments

connect bone to bone

Tendons

connect muscle to bone

Lower Respiratory Tract

consists of lower trachea, bronchi and lungs

Upper Respiratory Tract

consists of nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and top of trachea

Blood

consists of water (90%), blood cells, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes and waste productes

Influenza

contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus

Epiglottis

covers larynx when swallowing preventing food from going into the airway

Muscle Strain

damage of the muscle caused by trauma

Glaucoma

damage to optic nerve caused by pressure

CVA (or stroke) cerebro vascular accident

damage to part of brain due to blood clot or hemorrhage cutting blood supply off

Kidney Failure

decreased ability to filter waste products

Dyspnea

difficulty breathing

Constipation

difficulty in expelling feces, incomplete or infrequent bowel movements, hard stool/inability to pass a stool

Osteoarthritis

disease affects weight-bearing joints, with aches, stiffness, limited motion

AIDS

disease caused by a virus and attacks the immune system and destroys infection-fighting and cancer-fighting cells of the body

Diabetes Mellitus

disorder of carbohydrate metabolism with decreased insulin production from the pancreas

Lungs

elastic, spongy, cone-shaped air-filled structures involved in respiration

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

emphysema, asthma and chronic bronchitis and problems related to these diseases

Hemorrhoids

enlarged veins in anal area

Varicose Veins

enlarged, twisted veins usually in the legs

Prostatic hypertrophy

enlargement of prostate gland; a donut shaped structure around the male urethra, leading to urinary dysfunction

Melanin

found in epidermis gives the skin primary color

Bones

hard and rigid structures that make up the skeleton and together form the framework of the body

Deafness

hearing loss

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Graves Disease

immune system attacks thyroid gland which causes it to secrete more thyroid hormone

Retention

inability to completely empty the bladder

Urinary Incontinence

inability to control urination

Otitis Media

infection of the middle ear

Cystitis

inflammation of bladder due to infection

Nephritis

inflammation of kidney due to infection

Dermatitis

inflammation of skin

Arthritis

inflammation of the joints

Gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal lining

Cardiac Muscle

involuntary muscle of the heart

Smooth Muscle

involuntary muscle of the inner linings of organs

Inspiration

involves the breathing in of oxygen

Respiratory System

involves the breathing in of oxygen and breathing out of carbon dioxide

Expiration

involves the breathing out of carbon dioxide

Emphysema

irreversible damage to the lungs causing permanent holes in the lung tissues

Calculi

kidney or bladder stones

Dermi

layer of skin under the epidermis contains hair and nail follicles, sweat and oil glands, blood vessels, nerves and touch receptors

Diarrhea

liquid stool

Brain

located in the skull and consists of three parts- cerebrum, cerebellum and the brainstem

Appendix

located where small & large intestine meet

Spinal Cord

located within the spring, connected to the brain and conducts messages between the brain and the body by pathways

Blindness

loss of eyesight

Anemia

low red blood cell count

Intestines (small and large)

lower GI structures. The small intestine has 3 parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum

System

made of groups of several organs functioning together for a specific purpose(s)

Organ

made of tissue, may be several different types of tissue that carry on a specific function and combine to form a system

Organism

made up of system functioning together to perform activities of daily living needed for continued life (ex. humans, trees, cats, ladybugs)

Urine

made up of water, salt and waste substance

Abduction

moving a body part away from the midline

Adduction

moving a body part toward the midline

Muscle Atrophy

muscle mass decreases in size

Urinary bladder

muscular sac that stores the urine until it passes from the body

Ureters

narrow tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Neurons

nerve cells

Hearing Loss

not being able to hear normal range of sounds that can be heard with normal hearing

Epidermis

outer later of skin containing melanin and nerve endings, but no blood vessels

Cerebral Cortex

outside of the cerebrum

Dysuria

painful urination

Kidneys

paired organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine

Cerebellum

part of the brain located just below the cerebrum that controls balance and regulates movement

Brainstem

part of the brain that controls breathing, opening and closing of blood vessels, heart rate, swallowing, gagging and coughing

Contracture

permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints

Joints

point where bones meet and consist of cartilage and connective tissue that cushion the bones, allowing for movement of the area

Pressure Points

points where the body bears much of the weight

Dementia

progressive loss of mental abilities, such as thinking and remembering

Parkinson's disease

progressive nervous disease due to destruction of brain cells

Sensory Organs

receive impulses from environment and relay impulses to brain including skin, tongue, nose, eyes and ears

Eczema

red, itchy areas on the surface of skin

Amputation

removal of all or part of a limb

Glands

secrete chemicals called hormones that regulate bodily function

Lobes

segments or areas of the lungs

Shearing

skin moves in one direction and underneath tissue remains fixes

Bone Marrow

soft and spongy inside part of the bone

Osteoporosis

spongy type of bone that breaks easily

Extension

straightening a body part

Sprain

stretched or torn ligaments or tendons

Muscles

structure of the body that powers movement of skeleton and helps body stay erect

Nerves

structures that are made up of nerve cells or neurons that carry messages to and from the brain, as well as to and from the body

Reproductive system

system allows human beings to create a new human life

Immune System

system defends threats both inside and outside the body

Endocrine System

system of glands that secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream to regulate body functions

Musculoskeletal System

system of the body that provides structure and movement for the body

Rheumatoid Arthritis

systemic, crippling disease causing deformities with stiff, painful, swollen joints

Pulse

the beat of the heart felt at an artery, a wave of blood passes through the artery; the number of heart beats per minute

Neurological System

the control and messages center of the body

Urinary System

the filtering system of the body, responsible for ridding body of waste products from blood

Esophagus

the good tube of the body between the throat and the stomach

Heart

the pump of the cardiovascular system

Diastole

the resting phase of the heart when the heart fills with blood; the bottom number of a blood pressure reading

Integumentary System

the skin; largest organ and system in the body, responsible for providing a natural protective covering of the body

Systole

the working phase of the heart is pumping blood to the body the top number of a blood pressure reading

Hypothyroidism

to little thyroxin

Hyperthyroidism

too much thyroxin

Opposition

touching the thumb to a finger of the same hand

Feces

tubular shaped stool passed from the rectum

Pronation

turning downward

Internal Rotation

turning the joint inward

External Rotation

turning the joint outward

Supination

turning upward

Ventricles (right and left)

two lower chambers of the heart

Atria (right and left)

two upper chambers of the heart

Pharynx

upper GI structure located in the back of the throat

UTI

urinary tract infection

Skeletal Muscle

voluntary muscle that powers movement of the skeleton

Cystocele

weakening of wall between urethra and vagina, leading to urinary incontinence

Exhale

when CO2 is expelled out of nose and the mouth from the lungs

Lupus

when immune system attacks tissues causing redness, pain, swelling and damage

Cataract

when lens of eye becomes cloudy

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

when one or both sides of the heart stop pumping effectively