Nursing 105 Ch. 3

Health Belief Model

-Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. -Concerned with what people perceive to be true about themselves about their health. •Perceived susceptibility to a disease •Perceived seriousness of a disease •Perceived benefits of action

The Health Promotion Model

1. •Developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health 2. •Incorporates individual characteristics and experiences and behavior-specific knowledge and beliefs, to motivate health-promoting behavior 3. •Personal, biologic, psychological, and sociocultural factors are predictive of a certain health-related habit. 4.•Health-related behavior is the outcome of the model and is directed toward attaining positive health outcomes and experiences throughout the lifespan.

A hospital nurse assesses clients in various stages of illness. Which statements accurately describe client responses to illness based on Suchman's stages of illness? Select all that apply. 1.)In stage 2, most people focus on their symptoms and bodily functions. 2.)When a client decides to accept a diagnosis and follow a prescribed treatment plan, he or she is in stage 4, achieving recovery and rehabilitation. 3.)When help from a health care provider is sought, the person becomes a client and enters stage 3, assuming a dependent role. 4.)In stage 1, the person defines himself or herself as being sick, seeks validation of this experience from others, and gives up normal activities.

1.)In stage 2, most people focus on their symptoms and bodily functions. 2.)When help from a health care provider is sought, the person becomes a client and enters stage 3, assuming a dependent role. 4.)In stage 1, pain is the most significant symptom indicating illness, although other symptoms, such as a rash, fever, bleeding, or cough, may be present.

A student nurse is preparing a poster for a health fair which will compare the various types of methods used to pay for health care. Which factor(s) should the student include in the managed care section? Select all that apply. 1.)uses resources efficiently 2.)bargains with providers for reasonably priced quality care 3.)provides education to reduce risk of disease 4.)offers providers a preset fee schedule

1.)uses resources efficiently 3.)provides education to reduce risk of disease 2.)bargains with providers for reasonably priced quality care

Acute Illness

A sudden illness from which a person is expected to recover

nonmodifiable risk factors

Age Gender Family history Ethnic background

Disease

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

disease

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

Factors influencing health disparities

Racial and ethnic groups Poverty Gender; age Mental health Educational level Disabilities Sexual orientation Health insurance and access to health care

Stages of Illness Behavior

Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms, If symptoms relieved, no further action needed. Stage 2: Assuming the sick role, seeks validation from healthcare provider. Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role, acceptance of dx & tx plan, may be hospitalized. Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation, may begin in the hospital, gives up dependent role & resumes normal activities.

Suchman's Stages of Illness

Stage 1: Symptom experience: Believe something is wrong Stage 2: Assumption of the sick role: Accepts the sick role and seeks confirmation Stage 3: Medical care contact: Seeks advice of a health professional Stage 4: Dependent client role: Becomes dependent on the professional for help Stage 5: Recovery or rehabilitation: Relinquish the dependent role, Resume former roles and responsibilities

health disparity

a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

self-concept

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

Chronic Illness

an on-going illness, slow or gradual in onset; it has no known cure; it can be controlled and complications prevented with proper treatment

wellness

an overall state of well-being or total health

risk factor

anything that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other health problems

tertiary health promotion

begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning

illness/disease prevention

behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease, or to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness or disability

holistic care

care that promotes physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being

Intellectual dimension

cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences

Health is influenced by

community, lifestyle, family, culture

Health-Illness Continuum Model

focuses on health as constantly changing state

Health Promotion Model

focuses on how people interact with their environments, as they pursue health.

physical dimension

genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

high-level wellness.

Enviormental Dimension

housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food, and water

morbidity

how frequently a disease occurs

Emotional dimension

how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions

Dunn's Model (1980) defines wellness as

•Functioning to one's maximum potential while maintaining balance and a purposeful direction in the environment •Considers wellness an "active" state, regardless of health

People with chronic illness may

•Grieve over losses or changes in physical structure / function •Worry about their finances •Worry about their status •Worry about their roles •Worry about loss of dignity •Worry about an earlier death

Contributing factors for chronic illness

•Growing numbers of older adults •Lifestyle choices (smoking, drug use) •Environmental factors (air / water pollution) •AIDS epidemic •Increasing obesity •Long Covid

illness

•Response of the person to a disease •Abnormal process •Person's level of functioning is changed from a previous level •Response is unique to each individual

secondary health promotion

Focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found

7 Leading Chronic Cause of Death

Heart Disease, Cancer, Chronic Lung Disease, Stroke, Alzheimer disease, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease

primary health promotion

Directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury.

Modifiable risk factors

Factors contributing to the development of a noncommunicable disease that can be altered by modifying one's behavior or environment

Common causes of diseases

Inherited genetic defects Developmental defects resulting from exposure to such factors as virus or chemicals during pregnancy Biologic agents or toxins Physical agents such as temperature, chemicals, and radiation Generalized tissue responses to injury or irritation Physiologic and emotional reactions to stress Excessive or insufficient production of body secretions (hormones, enzymes, and so forth)

Agent-Host-Environment Model

It is a traditional model that explains how certain factors place some people at risk for an infectious disease.

Characters of Chronic Illness

It's a permanent change, causes or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal anatomy & physiology require special patient education for rehabilitation, it requires a long period of care or support

health

The combination of physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being

remission

improvement or absence of signs of disease

exacerbation

increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

mortality

numbers of death

sociocultrural dimension

represents the demographic characteristics as well as the norms, customs, and values of the general population

spiritual dimension

spiritual beliefs and values

Health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

health promotion

the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health