NUTR376 - BETH FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Into what region of the intestinal tract does the stomach empty?
Duodenum
True or False: All food that is consumed has to pass through the liver before complete absorption can occur.
False
True or False: Both water-soluble and fat-soluble nutrients are transported via the same system from the small intestine.
False
True or False: Chemical digestion occurs primarily through peristalsis
False
True or False: If the digestive tract were longer, all foods would be digested completely and there would not be a need for elimination.
False
True or False: The AMDR sets ranges for the recommended levels of vitamins, minerals, and water in a diet
False
true or false: Cells that line the small intestine live for only a few days before they get sloughed off and discarded.
False
What acts as a temporary storage form of iron in the intestine
Ferritin
is the only form of folate that has been shown to help prevent neural tube defects.
Folic acid
Which of the following is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet?
Fortified milk
what is required for absorption of vitamin b12
HCl and intrinsic factor
____ caused by a genetic mutation is associated with iron buildup in the body and possibly death.
Hemochromatosis
Which of the following is a consequence of excess protein intake?
Increased production and excretion of urea
______ is the most abundant mineral on Earth, and the most abundant trace mineral in the body.
Iron
Which vitamins are absorbed into the lymph then into the blood?
K,A,D,E
Which of the following is NOT among the factors required for efficient dietary absorption of vitamin B12?
Mucosal cobalaminase
The effects of vitamin A deficiency are most severe in what population group?
Newborns
A person requires 2000 kcalories per day and weighs 180 pounds. The person requires 65 grams of protein. Does their protein requirement fit within the recommended AMDR for protein?
No
What is the name of the vitamin D-deficiency disease in adults?
Osteomalacia
the part of the gastrointestinal tract which allows food to move into the esophagus and prevents food from moving into the lungs or trachea is known as
Pharynx
functions in muscle contraction and nerve conduction, maintains fluid and pH balance, preserves bone health, lowers blood pressure, and may prevent kidney stones.
Potassium
Transport protein of vitamin A
Retinol-binding protein
The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin?
Riboflavin
______ diet is a plant-based diet with lean sources of protein that helps reduce hypertension.
The DASH
What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium
AMDR for protein
10-35%
AI for sodium
1500 mg/day
RDA for Iron in women and children
18 mg/day
The daily minimum amount of sodium needed for normal body function is
180 milligrams
The standard DASH diet limits sodium to
2,300 mg a day lower version restricts sodium to 1,500 mg
AMDR for fat
20-35%
UL for sodium
2300 mg/day
UL for calcium
2500 mg/day
RDA for iron during pregnancy
27 mg per day
What is the additional amount (above the RDA) of vitamin C needed for individuals that smoke?
35 mg
UL for iron
45 mg/day
AMDR for carbs
45-65%
AMDR calories per gram: carbohydrates
4kcal/gram
AMDR calories per gram: protein
4kcal/gram
A person consumed 2000 calories and 10% of the calories were from protein. How many grams of protein did this person consume?
50 grams
RDA for iron (men)
8 mg/day
AMDR calories per gram: fat
9kcal/gram
When no RDA is established for a nutrient, which of the following reference values is used as the alternative?
AI
What is a chief function of the B vitamins?
Coenzyme participation
Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?
Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts
Which of the following is NOT a form of vitamin A? a. Retinol b. Retinal c. Retinoic acid d. Retinoquinone
D
name of thiamin deficiency disease
Beriberi
Which of the following substances is converted to vitamin A in the body?
Beta-carotene
All of the following represent secretions of the digestive tract except
Bolus
Which of the following may contribute to vitamin D deficiency?
Breastfeeding without supplementation
Which of the following foods provides ample amounts of vitamin C? a. Tofu b. Yogurt c. Legumes d. Broccoli
Broccoli
Minerals
essential, inorganic elements
one of the first symptoms of folate deficiency
extreme tiredness
The appearance of vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms may be delayed due to high intake of supplements of
folate
the lower the stores of iron , the _____ the percentage of iron absorbed
greater
A hormone produced by the liver called _____ controls iron absorption
hepcidin
How can zinc absorption be reduced?
when high levels of nonheme iron are present in the GI tract.
The synthesis of collagen requires both vitamin C and
iron
Which of the following does not contain vitamin B12?
legumes
Americans 20 years of age and older are consuming _____ of calcium daily
less than 800 milligrams
deficiency resulting from inadequate dietary intake
micronutrient deficiency
Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also in the
mouth
The first detectable sign of vitamin A deficiency is usually
night blindness
BMI 30+
obese
BMI 25-29.9
overweight
The majority of the digestive enzymes are produced in the
pancreas
A systemic disease caused by a severe deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3).
pellagra
The forward, rhythmic motion that moves food through the digestive system is called __________.
peristalsis
Most nutrient absorption takes place in the __________.
small intestine
Which mineral plays a key role in regulating blood volume and participates in muscle contractions?
sodium
is a major electrolyte and cation found primarily in the blood and interstitial fluid
sodium
Which part of the GI tract contains highly acidic digestive juices?
stomach
Beriberi results from a deficiency of
Thiamin
_____ are inorganic nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts.
Trace minerals
True or False: Heme iron is two to three times more bioavailable than nonheme iron.
True
True or False: Mastication occurs in the mouth
True
True or False: Passive diffusion occurs when the higher concentration of a nutrient drives its absorption through the walls of the small intestine.
True
Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to
UV light
which of the following vitamins is significantly important in the formation of collagen
Vitamin C
A child with bowed legs is likely deficient in vitamin
Vitamin D
Nonheme iron absorption can be increased by
adding vitamin C and to eat meat, fish, or poultry at the same meal as the nonheme iron source; this is referred to as the MFP (meat, fish, and poultry)
Which of the following is a general function of vitamin C?
antioxidant agent
pigment in carrots and pumpkins is
beta-carotene
1% of calcium is located where?
blood
In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?
blood clotting
99% of calcium is located in
bone and teeth (spine and pelvic bone)
The RDA for ______ is 1,000-1,200 milligrams
calcium
True or false: When iron stores are high, the amount of iron absorbed can be as low as 5 percent of the iron consumed because more ferritin and hepcidin are produced to block iron from absorption and to store the iron in the enterocytes.
true
True or false: amount of iron absorbed is not sufficient to meet the body's daily iron needs; therefore, approximately 95 percent of the iron in the body is recycled and reused
true
what can be used for the synthesis of niacin
tryptophan
BMI <18.5
underweight
Vitamin deficiency anemia is a lack of healthy red blood cells caused by lower than
usual amounts of vitamin B-12 and folate
Vitamin E deficiency disorder in premature infants
hemolytic anemia
substance that promotes synthesis of prothrombin
Vitamin K
the iron in foods that is bound to the hemoglobin and myoglobin proteins; found only in meat, fish, and poultry.
heme iron
the iron in foods that is not bound to proteins; found in both plant-derived and animal-derived foods
nonheme iron
BMI 18.5-24.9
normal
Which one of the following is most likely to occur if there is too little saliva?
swallowing will be a problem, food will not be moistened or lubricated, it will not be possible to taste foods
in which form are most dietary lipids found
triglycerides
