Nutrition 300

__________ is needed in the body to make vitamin D, bile acids, and cortisol.

Cholesterol

Which two lipoproteins deliver triglycerides to body cells?

Chylomicrons & VLDL

is a parasite found in water and food that can cause diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain

Giardia

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is FALSE?

Glucose is the most common disaccharide in our diet

MyPlate:

illustrates the appropriate proportions of food.

The amino acid pool is comprised of the

protein molecules consumed in the diet and from the breakdown of body proteins.

The energy recommendation that describes the proportions of calories that should come from carbohydrate, fat, and protein are the:

AMDRs

What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain?​

Denaturation

The predominate energy system used by muscle during a 10K race (~50 minutes) is

The aerobic system

Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting properties are

phytochemicals

All of the following are macronutrients except

vitamins

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

​It protects stomach cells from gastric juices.

To maintain a healthy body weight, Jane needs to eat 1700 calories per day. To be within the DRIs recommendations for total carbohydrate intake, which of the following amounts of total carbohydrates should be her upper limit

276 grams

Which of the following statements about Malnutrition is true?

A person can be both over- and under-nourished.

Which of the following is not a function of lipids in the body?

Absorption of water-soluble vitamins

Amylase is a hormone that digests carbohydrates.

FALSE

Plain water is the best fluid choice for Cyndie during exercise because she typically rides her bicycle for 80 minutes during an exercise session.

False

What is the function of bile?

It emulsifies fats.

Which chemical element differentiates Proteins from Carbohydrates and Lipids?

Nitrogen

Which of the following is an example of an unrefined food?

Oatmeal

Which of the following is NOT an end result of chemical digestion?

Proteins

People who are lactose intolerant:

have inadequate production of the enzyme lactase

The virus that can cause liver inflammation is called

hepatitis A

________ is a bacteria found mainly in unpasteurized milk. The contamination can cause fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Campylobacter

If you know you are going to order dessert at dinner tonight, which of these choices would illustrate the concept of balancing your choices?

Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch

"A study randomized 4,011 women in early pregnancy to receive either an iron + folic acid supplement or a more comprehensive supplement containing essential fatty acids and 22 vitamins and minerals. There were no differences in pregnancy or childbirth outcomes. What type of study is this?

Clinical trial

is a bacteria found in undercooked ground beef and fresh produce. The contamination can cause severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Escherichia Coli

A food intolerance is an adverse reaction to a food that involves immune response. Group of answer choices

False

__________ is a complex carbohydrate that the human body cannot digest nor absorb.

Fiber

Which statement is true about basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Having more muscle mass increases BMR

Which of the following would be the best pre-exercise meal for a marathon runner?

1 cup corn flakes with skim milk and a banana

A successful weight loss is defined as individuals intentionally losing at least ______________ and maintaining it off for at least 1 year.

10% of body weight

To maintain a healthy body weight, Savannah needs to eat 2200 calories per day. To be within the DRIs recommendations for total fat intake, which of the following amounts of total fat should be her upper limit

86 grams

Bile is: stored in the gallbladder All of these produced by the liver released in the small intestine

All of these

Post-event meals should accomplish which of the following?

All of these should be accomplished by a post-event meal.

Which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method?

Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory

Which nutrient is classified as a micronutrient?

Minerals

_________ is a virus found in raw foods, salads, and shellfish. The contamination can cause vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea, and lasts in general 12 to 60 hours.

Norovirus

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

People with eating disorder normally have low body weight.

_________ is an important component of cell membranes, forming a lipid bilayer by orienting the water-soluble portion towards the water environment.

Phospholipid

What is the usual state of nitrogen balance for healthy infants, children, and pregnant women?​

Positive

Which of the statements is correct?

Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels are above normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.

Which of the following is a result of regular exercise?

Reduced blood pressure

What is a common method used to assess body fat percentage?​

Skinfold measures

The time it takes food to travel the length of the GI tract is called the transit time.

TRUE

Which of the following converts fats into energy?

The aerobic system

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The glucose molecules on the fibers are linked together in a branched chain.

Which of the following statements regarding ATP production is FALSE?

The most efficient system to produce ATP is the anaerobic metabolism.

Having excess body fat increases a person's risk of developing which of the following diseases?

The risk of all of these is increased with the presence of excess body fat.

What is the primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another?​

The side group

Cardiorespiratory endurance is enhanced by regular aerobic exercise.

True

Energy Intake is regulated by physiological responses and by genetic and psychological influences.

True

Which of the following statements illustrates the concept of variety?

Try a new vegetable every week.

Which of the following statements about fortified foods is false?

Voluntary fortification of foods is at the discretion of the federal government

Which of the following contributes most to the weight of the human body?

Water

______ is an activity that specifically increases muscle strength and endurance.

Weightlifting

Plant foods generally are excellent sources of

all of these choices

Proteins are broken down into _____ whereas fats are digested mostly into _____.

amino acids, fatty acids

All of the following foods contain cholesterol except:

avocado

For most people, the majority of their total energy expenditure is from their

basal metabolism

The most common eating disorder is

binge-eating disorder

"The unit of measure that is used in nutrition science that expresses the amount of energy provided by a food is a (n):"

calorie

According to the AMDR, the majority of calories you eat should come from:

carbohydrates

In a scientific experiment, the group of participants used as a basis of comparison is the _______ group.

control

The process by which food is broken down into absorbable components is called ______.

digestion

When two amino acids are chemically joined together, the resulting structure is called a ____.

dipeptide

Protein molecules that increase the rate of specific chemical reactions are

enzymes

Which of the following is NOT a factor into calculating an individual's EER?

ethnicity

Exercise increases ______ production which can be counteracted by _____ in the body.

free radical, antioxidants

Foods that have health-promoting and/or disease-preventing properties beyond basic nutritional functions are called

functional foods

Which of the following represents a monosaccharide : disaccharide : complex carbohydrate?

glucose : sucrose : insoluble fiber

The rise in blood glucose levels after eating stimulates the pancreas to secrete the hormone ___, causing blood glucose levels to ____.

insulin, drop

The slow movement of food stuff through the _______ favors the growth of microflora.

large intestine

The _____________ is the essential amino acid that is available in the lowest concentration relative to the body's need.

limiting

Gram per gram, ______ provide the most kcalories.

lipids

Research indicates that the initiation of atherosclerosis may be related to all of the following except:

low blood pressure

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the:

mouth

William has a BMI of 36.5 kg/m2. He would therefore be classified as

obese

Microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are known as _______.

probiotics

The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to:

provide energy

DRIs vary based on each of these EXCEPT:

race

The protein quality of pinto beans would be most improved by the addition of ______.​

rice

The fat on the outside of a steak is high in _________ fatty acids.

saturated

The __________ is the predominant site of digestion for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

small intestine

The three main functions of nutrients include all of the following EXCEPT:

speeding up our metabolism

A complex carbohydrate that is the energy source of plants is called

starch

Adipose tissue is best described as:

stored triglycerides

As intake rises above the UL, the likelihood of _____ increases.

toxicity

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps that occur in protein synthesis?

transcription → mRNA takes genetic code to ribosomes → translation

The type of lipid that makes up most of the lipids in our body is:

triglyceride